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Biomedical subjects

M Magnusson

Publications and source records attributed to M Magnusson.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Comparison of renal transplantation and dialysis in rehabilitation of diabetic end-stage renal disease patients.

We have reviewed the outcome of replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in 100 diabetic patients with emphasis on late complications, extrarenal diabetic manifestations, and overall patient rehabilitation. Long-term complications, other than myocardial infarction, were not different after renal transplantation compared with chronic dialysis. Overall rehabilitation was better after renal transplantation compared with chronic dialysis (p less than 0.05). Retinopathy and neuropathy were more stable with renal transplantation and peritoneal dialysis compared with hemodialysis (p less than 0.05). These factors should be considered along with expected patient survival when deciding between different treatment modalities for diabetic ESRD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

An evaluation of the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis fractionation method for the production of Mycobacterium tuberculosis skin test preparations. II. Comparative skin testing on guinea-pigs.

As part of a cooperative inter-laboratory WHO supported project for the fractionation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis skin test preparations, four fractions (designated 15, 7, 4.75 and 3.5%) were evaluated by comparative skin tests on sensitized guinea-pigs. The 7% fraction was the most potent in both homologously and heterologously sensitized animals, and the 4.75% and 3.5% gel fractions showed the lowest activity. Significant levels of cross-reactivity in guinea-pigs immunized with M. bovis BCG, M. kansasii, M. avium and M. intracellulare were demonstrated for all fractions examined, thus reflecting the antigenic relationships among these mycobacteria. These four fractions may qualify as starting material for further studies aiming at a reduction of skin test cross-reactivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A critical look at survival of diabetics with end-stage renal disease. Transplantation versus dialysis therapy.

The survival of 100 consecutive patients with diabetic nephropathy after treatment with hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or renal transplantation was reviewed at our institution from 1976 to 1982. Standard actuarial survival analysis revealed an overall survival of 83% and 61% at one and two years, respectively. Coronary angiography was used as a screening procedure for renal transplantation. In the dialysis group, 27 patients were considered acceptable transplant candidates on the basis of the coronary angiography but were not transplanted for other reasons. When the survival analysis was limited to those "transplant candidates" the survival rates were 78%, 51%, and 8% at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. In comparison, survival after transplantation was 81%, 67%, and 45%, at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. In order to eliminate bias, survival comparisons were subsequently made using the Cox Proportional Hazard Model to take into account the time the transplant patients spent on dialysis prior to renal transplantation. When this analysis was performed, there was no significant difference in survival between transplantation and dialysis for the first two years, but overall survival after five years was significantly better after renal transplantation even when the comparison was limited to acceptable transplant candidates who remained on dialysis (P = .04). Survival for patients with significant coronary disease (greater than 70% stenosis of a coronary vessel or moderate to severe left ventricular dysfunction) was analyzed according to therapeutic modality. Although overall prognosis was poor in this group as a whole (1, 2, and 5 year survivals were 76%, 45%, and 19%, respectively), the cardiac patients had a trend to better survival after renal transplantation than when maintained on dialysis (P = .22). In addition to other factors such as quality of life, rehabilitation, and progression of other diabetic complications, the benefit of renal transplantation on patient survival must be considered when deciding between renal transplantation and maintenance dialysis therapy for diabetic patients with renal failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Detection of saccadic eye movements using a non-recursive adaptive digital filter.

Saccadic eye movements provide important information about the neuron system at several levels. In recent years computer analysis of saccades has been adapted for use in clinical work. The most common detection methods do not always function without the user's control and aid. In the present paper a digital filter is described for the detection of saccades. This non-recursive filter unscrambles saccade data which has been collected during the execution of an algorithm. The method is suitable for use with microcomputers. The filter is adaptive. Two concise experiments using the method are described.

Biometry↗
PubMed1985

Distribution of some mycobacterial waxes based on the phthiocerol family.

Characteristic waxes, based on methoxy and keto long-chain diols, members of the phthiocerol family, have been isolated from representatives of Mycobacterium bovis, M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. microti and M. tuberculosis. M. kansasii produced essentially di-esters of the ketodiol phthiodiolone A, but the remaining species also had waxes based on the methoxy-diols phthiocerol A and phthiocerol B. Gas chromatography of derivatives of the components of the waxes showed that the phthiocerol A components from M. bovis, M. microti and M. microti and M. tuberculosis were qualitatively similar, being mainly C34 and C36, but potentially significant differences were seen in the proportions of the components from M. bovis. The phthiocerols A from M. marinum were C28 and C30 and the phthiodiolones A from M. kansasii were C25 and C27. The multimethyl-branched acids from the waxes of M. bovis were quantitatively different from those of M. microti and M. tuberculosis but all these mycocerosic acids ranged in size from C23 or C24 to C32, with C29 or C30 being the major component in most cases. M. marinum and M. kansasii strains had mainly C26 or C27 and C29 or C30 multimethyl-branched acids, respectively.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1985

Quantitative comparison of the mycolic and fatty acid compositions of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium gordonae.

The mycolic and fatty acids of three samples each of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium gordonae were compared. Acids released by whole-organism alkaline hydrolysis were converted to 4-nitrobenzyl esters and mycolic acids were further derivatized to t-butyldimethylsilyl ethers. Thin-layer chromatography of the derivatized long-chain extracts showed that all three M. leprae preparations contained so-called alpha-mycolates and ketomycolates but that the M. gordonae samples had a methoxymycolate in addition to the above types. Silica gel normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of the total mycolic acid derivatives confirmed the lack of detectable amounts of methoxymycolates in M. leprae and reverse-phase chromatography of the individual mycolate types demonstrated the homogeneity of the chain lengths of the mycolic acids in each species. Non-hydroxylated fatty acid 4-nitrobenzyl esters were transformed to methyl esters and examined by gas chromatography. Tuberculostearic (10-methyloctadecanoic) acid was a major component of the lipids of all three M. leprae preparations but it was absent in one M. gordonae strain and a very minor component in the other representatives of this latter species. On the basis of fatty and mycolic acid compositions, therefore, a previously suggested close relationship between M. leprae and M. gordonae was not supported.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The effects of TTS-scopolamine, dimenhydrinate, lidocaine, and tocainide on motion sickness, vertigo, and nystagmus.

The effects of TTS-scopolamine, dimenhydrinate, lidocaine, and tocainide on motion sickness and vertigo and on caloric and postrotatory nystagmus were evaluated in healthy volunteers. TTS-scopolamine was administered transdermally (delivering approximately 10 micrograms X h-1 scopolamine base) and 100 mg dimenhydrinate orally. Lidocaine and tocainide were administered intravenously (average plasma concentration of lidocaine 6 mol X L-1 and of tocainide 20 mol X L-1). TTS-scopolamine and dimenhydrinate significantly reduced vertigo induced by calorization of the ears, nausea provoked with Coriolis maneuvre, and nystagmus in caloric and rotatory tests. During treatment with lidocaine and tocainide no alleviation of vertigo and nausea was observed. Caloric nystagmus was reduced but rotation induced nystagmus was virtually unchanged. Presumably the motion sickness drugs act at the brain stem where TTS-scopolamine and dimenhydrinate have their target cells in the vestibular nuclei. Furthermore, the alleviation of motion sickness was linked to a decline of nystagmus. Lidocaine and tocainide, the action of which in vertigo and nausea in patients is proposed to be on the vestibular end organs and the supratentorial brain structures, consistently failed to alleviate motion sickness.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1984

Mycolic acid patterns of some species of Mycobacterium.

Representative strains of some species of Mycobacterium were degraded by both acid and alkaline methanolysis. Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography was used to determine the patterns of mycolic acids and other long-chain components in these methanolysates. Patterns composed of alpha-, methoxy- and ketomycolates were found in Mycobacterium asiaticum, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium gastri, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis; a representative of Mycobacterium thermoresistibile also contained lower molecular weight alpha'-mycolates in addition to these three acids. In representatives of Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, "Mycobacterium novum", Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, Mycobacterium terrae, Mycobacterium xenopi, and Mycobacterium sp. MNC 165 alpha- and ketomycolates were accompanied by omega-carboxymycolates and 2-eicosanol and homologous alcohols which are derived from wax-ester mycolates. Mycobacterium fortuitum and "Mycobacterium giae" contained alpha'- and epoxymycolates and both serovars of Mycobacterium simiae had a very characteristic pattern of alpha-, alpha'- and ketomycolic acids. Comparison with data for other mycobacteria showed the chemotaxonomic significance of these mycolic acid patterns.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1984

Mycolic acid patterns of representatives of Mycobacterium bovis BCG.

The mycolic acids of 15 cultures of representative Mycobacterium bovis BCG substrains were examined by alkaline hydrolysis followed by esterification and thin-layer chromatography of the resulting methyl esters. Representatives of the Moreau and Swedish substrains had mycolic acid patterns similar to M. bovis, composed of alpha-mycolates, methoxymycolates and ketomycolates, but examples of the Pasteur, Glaxo, Prague, Danish and Chinese substrains did not contain methoxymycolates. This apparent subdivision of M. bovis BCG substrains is in accordance with their varying antigenic patterns recorded in other studies.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1984

A reduction of vestibulo-visual integration during transdermally administered scopolamine and dimenhydrinate. A presentation of gain control theory in motion sickness.

The effect of transdermally administered scopolamine (TTS scopolamine) (release rate 5 micrograms/h) and dimenhydrinate (100 mg) was examined on optovestibular nystagmus in 16 volunteers in a randomized double-blind trial. A statistically significant decrease in the optokinetic part of nystagmus was observed during all treatments. Most profound reduction was found during treatment with two TTS scopolamine. The vestibular part was reduced by treatment with two TTS scopolamine, only. The results indicate that scopolamine and dimenhydrinate exert their effect in motion sickness by reducing the vestibular and visual influx and by partly inhibiting the integrative functioning of the vestibular nuclei. In their action, the motion sickness drugs seem to assist the cerebellum by diminishing impulses from various orientation reflexes in order to preserve the functional capacity of the central nervous system. Different symptoms in motion sickness seem to arise when the vestibular gain operates beyond the normal range of the cerebellar control mechanisms.

Dimenhydrinate↗
PubMed1984

Intra-individual variation in oculomotor performance in man.

Peak velocity of saccade, maximum velocity of smooth pursuit, and peak velocity of slow phase of vestibular and optovestibular nystagmus were measured three times daily on three separate days in 6 healthy subjects in order to estimate the intra-individual variation of the results of oculomotor tests. Analysis of variance revealed that the oculomotor performance of the individual subjects varied systematically, depending on whether the tests were performed in the morning, at noon, or late in the afternoon. In particular, the velocity of saccade displayed lowest values in the afternoon. The present results indicate that oculomotor performance may depend on the individual biological rhythm of fatigue; however, it is also possible that eye motor behaviour is coupled to an independent rhythm of motor activity. Circadian rhythmicity of oculomotor performance should be considered in follow-up studies and in examination of patients with reduced vigilance.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Determination of fatty acids and carbohydrate monomers in micro-organisms by means of glass capillary gas chromatography: analysis of Mycobacterium gordonae and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum.

Trifluoroacetylated whole-cell methanolysates of four strains each of Mycobacterium gordonae and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum were analysed by gas chromatography, using a glass capillary column. The major chromatographic peaks were identified by mass spectrometry as derivatives of fatty acids and carbohydrates. In addition, two predominant peaks, present in chromatograms representing M. scrofulaceum, were identified as 2-octadecanol and 2-eicosanol. These secondary alcohols were not found in any of the strains of M. gordonae studied. The amount of tuberculostearic acid in the latter species was less than 1% of that in M. scrofulaceum.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1983

Visually evoked slow eye movements, visual-vestibular interaction, and infratentorial lesions.

The maximum velocity gain of smooth pursuit and optokinetic, vestibular, and optovestibular slow phases was examined in 15 patients with pontine, 10 with medullary, 10 with cerebellar, and 5 with combined cerebello-brain stem disorders. Marked dissociations were observed between smooth pursuit and optokinetic slow phases, especially in medullary disease. A cerebellar deficit enhanced slow phase velocity gain during rotation in darkness, whereas the corresponding gain during rotation in light was normal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Characterization of two strains of selectively bred guinea-pigs. 2. Differences in immune response to synthetic polypeptides.

Two strains of guinea-pigs selectively bred for either high (IMM/S) or low (IMM/R) responsiveness to ovalbumin-induced respiratory anaphylaxis were examined for their immune response to a copolymer of L-glutamic acid and L-alanine (GA), a copolymer of L-glutamic acid and L-tyrosine (GT), and to a dinitro-phenyl derivative of a homopolymer of L-lysine (DNP-PLL). Considerable differences between the strains in development of cellular hypersensitivity and in the production of antibodies were observed. Guinea-pigs from IMM/S were all responders to GA and DNP-PLL and non-responders to GT, while guinea-pigs from two of three lines from IMM/R were responders to GT and non-responders to GA and DNP-PLL. The third IMM/R line showed an immune response pattern similar to guinea-pigs of strain IMM/S. Preliminary breeding studies confirmed that the immune response to these three antigens is under the control of dominant autosomal genes, since (IMM/S x IMM/R) F1 animals responded to all three antigens. It is concluded that these three antigens may serve as immune response markers in genetic studies of the differences between guinea-pigs from IMM/S and IMM/R in their ability to develop respiratory anaphylaxis.

Alanine↗