Serum and urinary amylase isoenzymes were studied in an attempt to evaluate the usefulness of isoamylase analysis in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases. The amylase in human serum and urine was separated into 4 to 5 distinct isoenzymes, which have mobilities consistent with those of the pancreatic isoamylases (Amylase-1, -2, -4 and -6) and the salivary isoamylases (Amylase-3, -5 and -7). The normal isoamylase pattern was Amylase-1, -2, -3 and -5. Amylase-4 and -6 could not be found in normal serum and urine. Amylase activity in Amylase-1 and/or -2 increased remarkably, having the normal isoamylase pattern, in the patients with elevated serum amylase activity after stimulation with pancreozymin-secretin or after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. However, in the patients with acute pancreatitis, salivary type isoamylases disappeared and only the pancreatic type components were identified. It seems that the appearance of Amylase-4 and disappearance of the salivary components indicate severe pancreatic inflammation and that the apparent specificity of this isoenzyme pattern affords a mean for conforming the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. However, the occurrence of an inherited trait in the pancreatic isoamylases of healthy individuals suggests that a rise in the pancreatic components may not necessarily indicate pancreatic disorders.

Amylases↗

PubMed1977

The nature and origin of hyperamylasemia following open-heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation.

The nature of the postoperative hyperamylasemia in 27 patients undergoing open-heart surgery was investigated. An increase in serum amylase activity was found in 56% of the patients. Isoamylase analysis revealed that the rise was in the salivary-type isoamylase in all of these patients. Since the level of serum amylase activity was increased in the postoperative state with prolongation of extracorporeal circulation, it is conceivable that cellular hypoxia due to inadequate tissue perfusion may cause disturbances in cellular metabolism with a release of intracellular amylase. The finding of the salivary-type amylase in normal lung tissue, transient salivary-type hyperamylasemia in acute respiratory distress and increased amylase activity of the salivary-type in serum specimens from the left atrium compared to those from the right ventricle suggest that the origin of the amylase responsible for the transient postoperative hyperamylasemia in the salivary-type is due to the amylase released from lung tissues under hypoxia during and after operation.

Amylases↗

PubMed1977

Presynaptic impulses in the abducens nucleus and their relation to postsynaptic potentials in motoneurons during vestibular nystagmus.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Abducens Nerve↗

PubMed1977

Amylase in the lung.

Although elevated amylase levels in serum, pleural fluid, and extracts of tumor tissue in primary lung cancer have been reported, electrophoretic and column-chromatographic studies have not revealed the ectopic production of amylase but have merely shown an increase of amylase activity of chiefly the salivary type in these materials. The present study was designed to make clear the nature of the amylase or amylase-like substance in the serum, pleural fluid and tumor extracts, and to determine whether amylase might be produced ectopically in tumor tissues. Our data not only confirmed that the hyperamylasemia in some cases of primary lung cancer was due to an increase in salivary type isoamylases, but also showed that the same isoamylase pattern occurs in serum, pleural fluids, and diseased lung tissue of patients with pneumonia. However, the elution pattern of amylase in these materials in column-chromatography on Sephadex G-75 Superfine was different from that of salivary amylase. On the basis of our observations, it seems reasonable to conclude that the salivary type hyperamylasemia in some cases of primary lung cancer may be due to an increase in the amylase contained in normal lung tissues, resulting from activation and release into the blood stream by some inflammatory process. However, ectopic production of amylase was demonstrated in one particular case of primary lung cancer in which a high amylase content and a peculiar isoamylase were found both in the primary and metastatic lesions.

Amylases↗

PubMed1977

Study on the ratio of lymphocytes to epithelial cells in thymoma.

In order to quantify the lymphocyte to epithelial cell ratio (L/E ratio of the thymoma, actual counting was performed. The L/E ratio was investigated in 25 specimens of 22 cases (22 initial tumors and 3 recurrent tumors). L/E ratios ranged from 0.27 to 4.10, and the mean value was 1.93 +/- 0.21. The mean L/E ratio of histologically malignant group was lower than that of the benign group. In the three recurrent cases, L/E ratios of the recurrent tumor decreased in all cases. It was concluded that the epithelial element increases with the adva

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Radiobromine labeled norcholesterol analogs. Synthesis and tissue distribution study in rats of bromine-82 labeled 6beta-bromomethyl-19-norcholest-5(10)-EN-38-OL.

6beta-Bromomethyl-19-norcholest-5(10)-en-3beta-ol (NCL-6-Br) was synthesized directly from cholest-5-ene-3beta,19-diol 19-toluene-p-sulfonate via homoallylic rearrangement with ammonium bromide or sodium bromide in acetonitrile. This method was applied to the radiolabeling of NCL-6-Br with bromine-82. Tissue distribution of bromine-82 labeled NCL-6-Br (NCL-6-Br-82) in rats was determined. The mean percent dose per gram uptake in adrenal at 24 and 120 h was 98 and 80 %/gm, respectively, which indicated a higher adrenal uptake as compared to iodine-131 labeled 19-iodocholest-5-en-3beta-ol (CL-19-I-131), but was at a lower level than that achieved with iodine-131 labeled 6beta-iodomethyl-19-norcholest-5(10)-en-3beta-ol (NCL-6-I-131). The ratio of radioactivity in the adrenal-to-liver concentration was also lower than that of CL-19-I-131 or NCL-6-I 131.

Adrenal Glands↗