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Biomedical subjects

M Maeda

Publications and source records attributed to M Maeda.

At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function in rats treated with alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (acarbose).

Pancreatic exocrine and endocrine secretory dynamics were studied in the isolated perfused pancreata of rats fed a normal diet or a diet supplemented with the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose (150 mg/100 g food). After 10 days, the body weight of acarbose-treated rats was slightly lower than that of the control rats despite a larger food intake. Pancreatic amylase levels were significantly decreased, trypsinogen levels were significantly increased, and lipase levels were unaltered in the treated group compared with the controls. Basal and caerulein-stimulated flow rates of pancreatic juice as well as basal amylase output were similar in both groups, whereas caerulein-stimulated amylase output was significantly lower in the acarbose-treated group. Secretory responsiveness of amylase in the treated group was, however, about twice as high as that in the control group when related to pancreatic amylase content. Insulin release in response to either glucose or cerulein was similar in both groups. These findings indicate that treatment with acarbose may alter pancreatic enzyme content without changing the secretory responsiveness of either the exocrine or endocrine pancreas.

Acarbose↗
PubMed1983

I-labeled 19-iodinated and 6 beta-iodomethyl-19-nor steroids: effect of structural modification on the adrenal accumulation.

19-Iodinated and 6 beta-iodomethyl-19-nor derivatives of cholesterol and 17-ketosteroid labeled with 131I were tested in rats to determine the critical structural features required for maximal adrenal uptake. The introduction of the 17-keto group in place of the 17 beta-side chain of cholesterol caused most of the radioactivity to be taken up by the thyroids. Fluorination at the C-3 position had deleterious effects on the adrenal concentration and led to the loss of adrenal specificity. A beta-hydroxy group at the C-3 position is substantially required for adrenal uptake.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1983

Functional indications for bullectomy of giant bulla.

Nineteen patients with giant bulla were followed for more than 1 year after bullectomy. They were divided into two groups according to their postoperative symptoms. Group 1 consisted of 16 patients who had no problems in their postoperative clinical course, while Group 2 included 3 patients who complained of severe dyspnea at 5 to 6 years of follow-up. Prior to operation, the forced expiratory volume in 1 sec over vital capacity (FEV1%) was 66.8 +/- in Group 1 and 27.6 +/- 5.4% in Group 2. Differences in preoperative and postoperative FEV1% were statistically significant within Group 1 and between the two groups. Postoperative FEV1% (Y) correlated significantly with preoperative FEV1% (X) (Y = 0.74X + 25.4; r = 0.836; p less than 0.001). Thus, we were able to predict the postoperative FEV1% from the preoperative value. Regional ventilation over volume was computed from the washout curve of xenon 133 after reaching equilibrium with rebreathing in a closed circuit (V/V dynamic). Group 2 had significantly lower regional ventilation over volume in all regions, both before and even after bullectomy, compared with normal subjects or Group 1 patients. Preoperative V/V dynamic was below 0.5 in all regions of Group 2. Furthermore, postoperative V/V dynamic (Y) correlated significantly with preoperative V/V dynamic (X) in the upper region (Y = 0.46X + 0.40; r = 0.638; p less than 0.02) and in the lower region (Y = 0.72X + 0.33; r = 0.869; p less than 0.001). We conclude that functional indications of bullectomy for giant bulla are that FEV1% should be greater than 40%, and that regional V/V dynamic should be greater than 0.5. On the other hand, symptomatic and functional improvement following bullectomy was reduced in patients whose FEV1% was less than 35% in whose V/V dynamic was remarkably disturbed in all regions of the involved hemithorax.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Dynamic insufficiency of lung lymph flow from the right lymph duct in dogs with acute filtration edema.

Using 14 anesthetized dogs with lymph flowing through right lymph duct, we observed dynamic insufficiency of lung lymph flow during acute left atrial pressure loading. Net pulmonary microvascular fluid filtration pressure (sigma p) was defined as the difference between pulmonary microvascular pressure (Pmv) and oncotic gradient through the capillaries (pi mv - pi pmv). Pulmonary extravascular water content (PEVW) was well correlated with sigma p in either mild edema or gross edema (PEVW = 0.19 sigma p + 2.15, r = 0.813, 0.001 less than p less than 0.002). Percent increase in lymph flow (% Qlym) was well correlated with both PEVW (% Qlym = 130.8 PEVW - 376.5, r = 0.886, 0.005 less than p less than 0.01) and sigma p (% Qlym = 11.0 sigma p + 34.7, r = 0.853, 0.02 less than p less than 0.05) in mild edema. However, in gross edema compared with mild edema, % Qlym as a function of PEVW or sigma p was significantly low. We concluded that in gross edema with PEVW, over 6 g/g of bloodless dry lung and sigma p over 20 mmHg, lymph flow from right lymph duct becomes dynamically insufficient and can neither transport enough fluid from the pulmonary interstitium nor tracheobronchial trees to relieve the edema process.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Pathogenicity and distribution of avian nephritis virus (G-4260 strain) in inoculated laying hens.

Specific-pathogen-free laying hens were inoculated intravenously with the G-4260 strain of avian nephritis virus (ANV). The distribution of the virus in organs, histological changes in main organs, the condition of laying, and egg transmission of the virus were examined in them. Over an experimental period of 27 days, no clinical sings were observed. In a chronological study on the distribution of the virus in organs, the virus was recovered from liver, kidney, jejunum, and rectum for 6 days postinoculation (PI). The virus titer in organ emulsion was the highest in the jejunum of all the main organs. The virus was recovered from the kidney for 8 days PI, although it was not so high in this organ. It was not recovered from the ovary or oviduct. Fluorescent antigens were not observed at all in any material. In a pathological examination, some local inflammatory changes were observed only in the kidney. There were no significant changes in the ovary, oviduct, or any other organ. Antibody appeared 10 days PI and was detectable even 27 days PI, although it was not so high in titer. There was no significant difference in the rate of egg-production between the infected and the sham inoculated groups. No virus was isolated from 111 fertile eggs laid by infected hens over a period from 2 to 27 days PI.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immune complex mediated destruction of cartilage in antigen-induced arthritis of rabbits.

Antigen-induced arthritis of rabbits is used as a model to study pannus-free destruction of cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, incorporating plain and immune labeling techniques. During the acute "arthus" phase of the RA, immune complexes form and persist in these tissues. We observed the progressive formation of electron dense material rich in immune complexes within a millimicron of the hyaline cartilage surfaces that preceded erosion and loss of surface tissue. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils congregated at the cartilage margins to engulf immune complexes at and within the cartilage surfaces. The changes occurred in regions of hyaline and fibrocartilage free of pannus. Immune complex formation appeared to be a central feature of the cartilage destructive changes, and may be central to mechanisms of tissue loss and similar to those observed in RA.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Fine needle aspiration of neck tumor. Application of cytological, bacteriological and hormonal examinations].

Aspiration of neck tumors with a fine needle combined with cytological, bacteriological and hormonal examinations greatly improved the accuracy of the differential diagnosis of the neck tumors. Fine needle aspiration cytology in 45 patients with thyroid tumor gave only 4% (1/25) false negative diagnosis and 0% (0/20) false positive diagnosis for carcinoma, whereas false negative and false positive diagnosis by palpation were 34% and 4%, respectively and those by soft tissue roentgenogram were 55% and 0%, respectively. Differential diagnosis of histological types of thyroid carcinoma was possible by cytology. Fine needle aspiration of cervical lymph nodes gave the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma, metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma or inflammatory changes. Bacterial culture from the aspirate yielded causative microorganism in 5 patients including 4 with tuberculosis. The specimens aspirated from thyroglossal duct cysts or branchial cysts showed specific appearance and cytological feature. The aspirate from a parathyroid cyst was watery clear and contained high amount of parathyroid hormone. Dark brown serous aspirate from extrathyroidal mass suggested metastatic lesion from occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in 2 patients. Demonstration of very high content of thyroglobulin of the aspirate determined by radioimmunoassay supported the diagnosis, which was confirmed later at surgery. This method has become a routine work in our out-patient clinic.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Association of the human type C retrovirus with a subset of adult T-cell cancers.

To determine whether the human T-cell lymphoma-leukemia virus (HTLV) is associated with particular cancers, patient sera were surveyed for HTLV-specific antibodies. An association was seen with aggressive cancers of mature T-cells, specifically Japanese adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and T-cell lymphosarcoma cell leukemia (TLCL), a similar cancer of Caribbean blacks. Ninety to 100% of these patients possessed HTLV-specific antibody. Forty-seven and 20% of relatives of ATL and TLCL patients, respectively, and 12 and 4% of healthy donors from ATL and TLCL endemic areas were also antibody positive. Visceral organ involvement, hypercalcemia, and skin manifestation, features of ATL and TLCL, were often seen in other antibody-positive patients. Childhood cancers, most cutaneous T-cell and all non-T-cell leukemias and lymphomas, myeloid leukemias, Hodgkin's disease, and solid tumors were not associated with HTLV. Healthy United States donors and European patients with non-malignant diseases were antibody negative. HTLV is thus associated with a subtype of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma, clustered in viral endemic areas, with apparent racial and geographic predilection.

Adult↗