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M Madsen

Publications and source records attributed to M Madsen.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Pre-harvest surveillance of Campylobacter and Salmonella in Danish broiler flocks: a 2-year study.

In national surveillance programmes of broiler flocks carried out in Denmark during 1998 and 1999, 89,110 samples for Campylobacter representing 8911 broiler flocks were taken at 10 different abattoirs, and 44,550 samples for Salmonella were taken from the same flocks in the broiler houses at the farms. Of the swabs, 42.5% were Campylobacter positive. Most positive samples were found during July, August and September, while the lowest number of positive samples were found during January, February, March and April. Of the flocks, 5.5% were Salmonella positive, but no seasonal variation was observed. For each flock, the presence of Campylobacter and Salmonella was recorded in order to estimate the possible correlation between colonisation with the two pathogens. In conclusion, no significant effects on intensive cleaning and disinfection procedures on Campylobacter occurrence could be demonstrated, and no significant correlation between occurrence of Campylobacter and Salmonella infections in Danish broilers could be demonstrated which is in contrast to previous observations on concurrent colonisation of broilers with these two zoonotic pathogens.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2001

Serogroups and antimicrobial susceptibility among Escherichia coli isolated from farmed mink (Mustela vison Schreiber) in Denmark.

Escherichia coli is commonly found in outbreaks of diarrhoea in mink during the production season although its role as a primary causal organism remains unclear. The present study was undertaken to determine the serogroups and antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates from healthy and diarrhoeic mink. Rectal swabs were taken from healthy and diseased animals, on six different farms, once at the onset of disease and again approximately 2 weeks later. The swabs were subjected to bacteriological investigation; a total of 210 E. coli were isolated, 98 from healthy animals and 112 from diseased. All isolates were serotyped and MICs were determined for nine antimicrobial compounds. Non-haemolytic isolates numbered 147, whereas 63 were haemolytic. Both haemolytic and non-haemolytic isolates were isolated from both healthy and diseased animals.A wide range of serogroups was detected, the most frequent being O2 (11.0%), O78 (11.0%), O153 (7.1%), O25 (5.7%), O6 (4.8%), and O15 (4.8%), but diarrhoea was not associated with specific serogroups. All isolates were sensitive to enrofloxacin, neomycin, gentamicin and colistin. In contrast, considerable variations in susceptibility were found among the six mink farms, for tetracycline (0-46.4%, average 21.9), ampicillin (2.9-50.0%, average 23.3), spectinomycin (8.0-35.7%, average 21.9), sulfamethoxazole (8.6-57.7%, average 30.0) and trimethoprim (0-35.7%, average 9.5). Resistance to tetracycline was statistically more prevalent among haemolytic than among non-haemolytic strains.In conclusion, serogrouping and haemolysin testing failed to identify any association with diarrhoeal disease and antimicrobial resistance was highly variable between different mink farms.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Age-period-cohort modelling of breast cancer incidence in the Nordic countries.

The Nordic countries have experienced a steady increase in breast cancer incidence throughout the past 35 years. We analysed the incidence in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden during the period 1958 to 1992 using age-period-cohort models and taking the systematic mammography screening into account. Assuming the age dependency of the incidence pattern in old age to be common for the Nordic countries, an internal comparison could be made among the four countries of the cohort effects and the period effects. The study indicated that the period effects have been of importance for the increase in breast cancer incidence seen in the Nordic countries. The widespread practice of neglecting the period effects in age-period-cohort analysis of time trends in breast cancer incidence therefore probably needs reconsideration. A key finding was that Danish women born in the 20th century seem to have been exposed to an increasing load of cohort borne breast cancer risk factors not experienced to the same extent by Norwegian women, whereas they were seemingly subjected to the same period effects.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Survival and cause of death after myocardial infarction: the Danish MONICA study.

As part of the Danish WHO MONICA study, a register of patients with myocardial infarction was established in 1982, covering 11 municipalities in the western part of Copenhagen County, Denmark. During the period 1982-91, all cases of myocardial infarction among citizens aged 25-74 years were registered and validated according to the criteria set up for the WHO MONICA project. Short-term (28 days) and long-term (up to 15 years) survival in three periods were compared. The rate of mortality after a non-fatal myocardial infarction was compared with that of the general population, and causes of death were analyzed. Short-term survival did not change during the study period, whereas long-term survival improved for men but did not change for women. The excess mortality rate among female patients over that of the general population was due to ischemic heart disease, other cardiovascular diseases, cancer and other diseases. The excess mortality among male patients was due only to cardiovascular diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Trends in incidence, case-fatality and recurrence of myocardial infarction in the Danish MONICA population 1982-1991.

BACKGROUND: Growing awareness of risk factors for myocardial infarction (MI), continuous mass campaigns on lifestyle factors, increasing use of heart rehabilitation and improved treatment should imply decreases in the incidence, case-fatality and recurrence rates of MI. The purpose of the study was to assess trends in the incidence, case-fatality and recurrence rate of MI and to analyse whether any changes seen were due to a period or a cohort effect. METHODS: The Danish MONICA population comprises all men and women aged 25-74 years in the period 1982-1991 living in a suburban area of Copenhagen, Denmark. Fatal and non-fatal attacks classified as definite MI and non-fatal attacks classified as possible MI were included. The incidence rate was analysed by Poisson regression, the case-fatality rate by logistic regression, and the rate of recurrence by Cox regression. Age-period-cohort analyses were carried out according to a method described by Clayton and Schifflers. RESULTS: During the 10-year period a significant decrease in the incidence rate of MI was seen for men and women and for the rate of recurrent MI. The decrease in incidence and recurrence could not unambiguously be ascribed to a period or cohort effect. The rate of case-fatality after a first MI was not changed significantly during the period, whereas men and women had different trends in case-fatality after recurrent MI. CONCLUSIONS: In accordance with results from other Western countries we found a decline in the incidence and recurrence rate of MI. Contrary, the lack of a decrease in the case-fatality rate after a first MI was unexpected and difficult to explain.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Role of batch depletion of broiler houses on the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in chicken flocks.

AIMS: The effect of batch depletion of broiler houses for campylobacter occurrence in broiler flocks was estimated in 10 flocks, each comprising a separate female and male batch. METHODS AND RESULTS: The chicks were sampled first by cloacal swabs in the broiler houses before the start of the depopulation and secondly, on arrival at the abattoir. Females were slaughtered at 5 weeks of age, males at 6 weeks. The number of campylobacter-positive batches increased from five to seven female batches, and from five to 10 male batches, between the two sampling rounds. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that batch depletion of broiler houses increased the prevalence of Campylobacter spp.-infected broilers in the flocks, that the introduction occurred when catching the first batch, and that campylobacter spreads through the entire flock within a week. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The results from this study emphasize the need to manage depopulation of broiler houses as quickly as possible and in one batch only.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2001

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter in organic and conventional broiler flocks.

AIMS: To determine the flock prevalence and to estimate the within flock prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler flocks from different rearing systems, and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter isolates to selected antimicrobial substances. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and sixty broiler flocks originating from organic, conventional and extensive indoor production farms were investigated for the presence of Campylobacter at the time of slaughter. Campylobacter isolates from a subsample of positive flocks were subjected to susceptibility testing. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 100% of organic broiler flocks, from 36.7% of conventional broiler flocks and from 49.2% of extensive indoor broiler flocks. Six of 62 Campylobacter isolates were resistant to one or more of the antimicrobials tested. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the special characteristics of organic broiler production provide a high prevalence of Campylobacter-positive flocks. Antimicrobial resistance was scarce among Campylobacter isolates from all rearing systems. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Organic broiler flocks constitute a strong potential for introduction of Campylobacter to the processing line upon arrival at slaughter.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2001

Study of the infectivity of saline-stored Campylobacter jejuni for day-old chicks.

The culturability of three Campylobacter jejuni strains and their infectivity for day-old chicks were assessed following storage of the strains in saline. The potential for colonization of chicks was weakened during the storage period and terminated 3 to 4 weeks before the strains became nonculturable. The results from this study suggest that the role of starved and aged but still culturable campylobacters may be diminutive, but even more, that the role of viable but nonculturable stages in campylobacter epidemiology may be negligible. Even high levels of maternally derived anti-campylobacter outer membrane protein serum antibodies in day-old chicks did not protect the chicks from campylobacter colonization.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Socioeconomic status and trends in alcohol drinking in the Danish MONICA population, 1982-92.

AIMS: To examine trends in alcohol drinking in different educational groups. METHODS: Data from three cross-sectional WHO MONICA surveys conducted in 1982-84, 1987, and 1991-92 were analysed to estimate trends in abstention, moderate, heavy, and sporadic heavy alcohol use in relation to level of education, age and smoking. In total, 6,695 Danish men and women aged 30, 40, 50, and 60 years were included. RESULTS: Alcohol drinking decreased in both men and women during the study period, but changes were only significant among the highest educated. In the highest educated men the prevalence of moderate alcohol use increased from 77 to 82%, while heavy alcohol use declined from 19 to 12%. In the highest educated women the prevalence of abstention increased from 15 to 22%, while moderate alcohol use declined from 78 to 68%. CONCLUSION: During the 1980s, alcohol drinking decreased among the highest educated men and women and an educational gradient in alcohol drinking widened in men and attenuated in women.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Haptoglobin and CD163: captor and receptor gating hemoglobin to macrophage lysosomes.

The plasma protein haptoglobin and the endocytic hemoglobin receptor HbSR/CD163 are key molecules in the process of removing hemoglobin released from ruptured erythrocytes. Hemoglobin in plasma is instantly bound with high affinity to haptoglobin--an interaction leading to the recognition of the complex by HbSR/CD163 and endocytosis in macrophages. The haptoglobin-dependent HbSR/CD163 scavenging system for hemoglobin clearance prevents toxic effects of hemoglobin in plasma and kidney and explains the decrease in the haptoglobin plasma concentration in patients with accelerated hemolysis. The HbSR/CD163 activity may be of quantitative importance for iron uptake in macrophages in general and for some iron-associated pathological processes, e.g. the atherogenesis-promoting oxidation of LDL leading to foam cell formation and apoptosis in the vessel wall.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry. History, data collection and validity.

The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry was formally established in 1956 but started operating in 1949 with a nationwide prevalence survey. Since then, the Registry has continued collecting data on new and old cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) or suspected MS from multiple sources. The Registry reclassifies cases according to standardized diagnostic criteria (currently those of Poser et al). A total of 14,441 cases fulfilling the diagnostic criteria had been registered at the most recently completed follow-up by 1 January 1997; 10,851 had onset from 1948 to 1996 and 3560 before 1948. The completeness has formerly been estimated at about 90%, higher for cohorts with older onset and lower for cohorts with onset close to follow-up. The estimated validity of the diagnosis for autopsy cases classified as definite MS in the Registry is 94%. A long-term nationwide Registry has proved to be a valuable instrument for monitoring incidence and prevalence, analysing survival, performing genetic analysis, providing unselected patient samples for clinical analyses, performing case-control studies and prospective studies and estimating the need for treatment and care.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2001

The Danish Cerebral Palsy Registry. A registry on a specific impairment.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the commonest disabling impairment in childhood, with a prevalence of 2-3 per 1000 live births. The Danish Cerebral Palsy Registry is a research registry that contains cases of CP from birth year 1925 and has estimated the birth prevalence since 1950. Data on children with CP are collected from paediatric departments and one special institution for disabled children. The children are included by a child neurologist and an obstetrician, and information on pregnancy, birth, neonatal period, impairments and demographic data on the child and mother are registered in a standard form. The uptake area is eastern Denmark, covering about 50% of the population, but the rest of Denmark is planned to be included from 2001. The Registry is large, well established and validated, and the definitions and collection procedures have not changed through several decades. It therefore has great research potential. Birth prevalence is estimated continuously, and changes over time are analysed and correlated with pre- and perinatal conditions. A correlation between increased survival of preterm babies and an increased prevalence was found previously, and a decreased prevalence in very preterm infants was later associated with less use of mechanical ventilation. A study correlating CP and maternal infection is ongoing. Collaboration between 14 European CP registries allows the true differences in prevalence between different countries to be studied. Linkage to other individually based registries in Denmark will allow the social consequences of CP to be described.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed2000

[Acute myocardial infarction in Denmark. Incidence development and prognosis during a 20-year period].

INTRODUCTION: The paper describes the epidemiology of acute myocardial infarction in Denmark. The study provides statistics on mortality, incidence and case-fatality for 1996 and the time trend since 1978. The results are compared to the results from the international MONICA study. METHOD: The analyses are based on national population-based registers on causes of death and hospital admissions. RESULTS: The mortality from ischaemic heart disease has declined considerably. The study confirms that the decline in mortality can be ascribed to a decrease in incidence as well as a decrease in case fatality. In the period 1985-1996 the incidence decreased by 3.5% per year for men and 2.5% for women. Mortality rates within 28 days after admission to hospital with MI was almost constant until 1988 following which there was a significant drop. Despite the improved prognosis for MI patients, one quarter die before admission to hospital, and one quarter die within one year after an MI. DISCUSSION: The incidence rates of MI based on the national population-based registers are consistent with the results from the Danish MONICA study. The reduction in incidence rates is a little smaller than the results in the Danish part of the MONICA study, whereas the marked reduction in case-fatality found in this study is not in agreement with the results from MONICA. This discrepancy is not yet understood. The declining trend in case fatality started in 1988 and may be related to the introduction of thrombolysis and acetylsalcylic acid treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Monoclonal interleukin-2 receptor antibodies and their use in clinical kidney transplantation: basiliximab and daclizumab].

Basiliximab and daclizumab are analogous immunosuppressive agents approved for clinical renal transplantation. Both drugs are gene manipulated chimeric human/murine monoclonal antibodies with specificity against the alpha-chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) on activated T lymphocytes. By combining the drugs with calcineurin inhibitor based immunosuppression, an inhibition of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) synthesis as well as the IL-2/IL-2R reception is obtained. Consequently, the allogeneic immune response is suppressed and the risk of acute rejection of the transplant is reduced. By treatment with basiliximab or daclizumab in the recommended doses, a blockade of the IL-2R is obtained for up to 12 weeks. The incidence of acute rejection episodes is reduced by approx. 33%. The incorporation of human amino acid sequences has almost eliminated the immunogenicity of the drugs and reduced their rates of elimination. The side effects of prophylactic treatment with basiliximab/daclizumab do not differ from those of placebo.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2000

Risk of Hodgkin's disease and other cancers after infectious mononucleosis.

BACKGROUND: Infectious mononucleosis, which is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, has been associated with an increased risk for Hodgkin's disease. Little is known, however, about how infectious mononucleosis affects long-term risk of Hodgkin's disease, how this risk varies with age at infectious mononucleosis diagnosis, or how the risk for Hodgkin's disease varies in different age groups. In addition, the general cancer profile among patients who have had infectious mononucleosis has been sparsely studied. METHODS: Population-based cohorts of infectious mononucleosis patients in Denmark and Sweden were followed for cancer occurrence. The ratio of observed-to-expected numbers of cancers (standardized incidence ratio [SIR]) served as a measure of the relative risk for cancer. SIRs of Hodgkin's disease in different subsets of patients were compared with the use of Poisson regression analysis. All statistical tests including the trend tests were two-sided. RESULTS: A total of 1381 cancers were observed during 689 619 person-years of follow-up among 38 562 infectious mononucleosis patients (SIR = 1. 03; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.09). Apart from Hodgkin's disease (SIR = 2.55; 95% CI = 1.87-3.40; n = 46), only skin cancers (SIR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.13-1.43; n = 291) occurred in statistically significant excess. In contrast, the SIR for lung cancer was reduced (SIR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.58-0.86; n = 102). The SIR for Hodgkin's disease remained elevated for up to two decades after the occurrence of infectious mononucleosis but decreased with time since diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis (P: for trend <.001). The SIR for Hodgkin's disease tended to increase with age at diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis (P: for trend =.05). Following infectious mononucleosis, the SIR for Hodgkin's disease at ages 15-34 years was 3.49 (95% CI = 2.46-4.81; n = 37), which was statistically significantly higher than the SIR for any other age group (P: for difference =.001). CONCLUSION: The increased risk of Hodgkin's disease after the occurrence of infectious mononucleosis appears to be a specific phenomenon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Listeria spp. in broiler flocks: recovery rates and species distribution investigated by conventional culture and the EiaFoss method.

The occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in samples from broiler houses and cloacal swabs taken at the abattoir was investigated. An automated immunobased method (EiaFoss) was used, and 42 samples were also analysed by conventional culture; both methods were based on a two-step selective enrichment using CHR.4.17; Fraser and Fraser broths. L. monocytogenes was isolated from two of 71 broiler flocks, yielding an estimated flock prevalence of 3%. The flock prevalence of L. inocua was estimated to 13%, and it was speculated that the potential of this apathogenic bacteria to grow faster than L. monocytogenes in enrichment broths may lead to an underestimation of the prevalence of L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, as L. inocua was also detected by the EiaFoss method, a significant amount of bacterial confirmation work had to be done. Of 42 samples analysed by conventional culture, four yielded L. inocua, of which two were not positive by EiaFoss.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Antimicrobial susceptibility and presence of resistance genes in staphylococci from poultry.

The species distribution, susceptibility to 19 antimicrobial agents and presence of selected genes encoding resistance to macrolides, streptogramins and tetracyclines were examined among 118 staphylococcal isolates from infections of poultry in Denmark. Isolates were identified using a combination of conventional biochemical testing and 16S rDNA sequencing. The most common species were Staphylococcus aureus (83), Staphylococcus hyicus (11), Staphylococcus xylosus (9) and Staphylococcus cohnii (6). The isolates were susceptible to most antimicrobials tested. A high frequency of S. aureus (30%) was resistant to ciprofloxacin. Only six (7%) S. aureus isolates and one Staphylococcus saprophyticus were penicillin resistant. Resistance to sulphamethoxazole was observed among 16 (19%) of S. aureus isolates and two coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS). Twenty (24%) of the S. aureus isolates were resistant to erythromycin and 19 of these isolates contained the ermA gene, whereas the remaining isolate contained the ermC gene. Eleven (48%) of the novobiocin resistant CNS were resistant to erythromycin and all these isolates contained the ermA gene. Two isolates identified as S. xylosus, were found to be resistant to streptogramins and both contained the vatB- and the vgaB-genes. Thirty-nine (47%) of the S. aureus isolates, three of nine S. hyicus and eight of the 23 novobiocin resistant CNS were tetracycline resistant and all contained the tet(K) gene. A single S. aureus isolate also contained the tet(M) gene. The present study showed a frequent occurrence of resistance to fluoroquinolones, tetracycline and macrolides among staphylococci isolated from broilers in Denmark, whereas the occurrence of resistance to other antimicrobial agents remains low. Similar genes, encoding resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline and streptogramins to those previously observed, were detected.

Animals↗