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Biomedical subjects

M Macdonald

Publications and source records attributed to M Macdonald.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Quality, innovation and cost containment.

Quality, innovation, cost containment--these three criteria for change within the business world can be applied just as usefully within the realm of health care. Each of these criteria must be met by projects for change. By considering these aspects from the outset and by incorporating a means to measure all three, planners can ensure that change is beneficial. These three criteria also make it easier to monitor the change at regular intervals. Eventually, the project comes full circle, with the criteria used to establish the project's viability being used to report on its final results.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1991

Fasted state impedes recovery of porcine hepatic oxygen consumption after warm hepatic ischemia.

The most effective means to prepare the hepatic donor liver for harvest, preservation, and transplantation are not known. Studies have shown that in combination with an injury to the liver, fasting reduces hepatic function. This study randomized 20 market pigs, 20 to 45 kg, to an overnight fast (fed group) or a 42-hour fast (fasted group). Under general anesthetic perfusion of the portal vein and hepatic artery were controlled. Studies were performed at high flow (30 ml/min/kg portal flow and 10 ml/min/kg arterial flow) and after a 90-minute period of warm ischemia (no flow). Flow was restored at 25% of the original (low flow), then increased to 50% of the original (medium flow). After the ischemic insult, the fed group improved hepatic oxygen consumption at a faster rate than the fasted group (p less than 0.05 by ANOVA). In addition, significant differences were noted between the fed and fasted groups in the amount of insulin delivered by the portal venous system to the liver (p less than 0.001 by ANOVA). Hepatic oxygen consumption was related to insulin delivery (r2 = 0.46; p less than 0.001) for both groups. The data suggest that acute changes in the nutritional status of both the donor and the recipient may affect hepatic recovery from ischemia.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

Evidence implicating at least two genes on chromosome 17p in breast carcinogenesis.

The DNA of paired tumour and blood leucocyte samples from a large series of breast cancer patients was analysed to map regions of loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 17. The high frequency of loss of heterozygosity on 17p was confirmed, and a third of informative tumours had also lost an allele at the long arm locus THH59. On the short arm two distinct regions of loss of heterozygosity were identified, in bands p13-3 and p13-1. The latter probably involves the structural gene p53, which has been implicated as an oncogene or as a tumour suppressor in various human cancers. 17p 13-3, however, showed a significantly higher frequency of loss of heterozygosity, and there was no correlation between allele losses at the two sites. Nevertheless, loss of heterozygosity at 17p 13-3 is associated with overexpression of p53 mRNA, suggesting the existence of a gene some 20 megabases telomeric of p53 that regulates its expression. Lesions of this regulatory gene seem to be involved in the majority of breast cancers.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

Primary nursing: is it worth it?

In this paper a small sample of the massive, and largely North American, primary nursing literature is reviewed and three categories of writing identified: (1) descriptive literature, (2) literature of formative evaluation, and (3) literature of summative evaluation. The descriptive literature is examined in an attempt to decide whether primary nursing is worth trying. The literature of formative evaluation is then explored in order to determine whether the process of implementing primary nursing is, in itself, worthwhile. Finally, taking staff satisfaction, patient satisfaction, quality of care and the cost of primary nursing as the foci of evaluation, the literature of summative evaluation is considered to ascertain whether the outcomes of primary nursing merit the investment. The answers to each of these three questions of worth, posed by the three categories of writing, appear to be respectively a definite, a probable and tentative 'yes'.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1986

Effects of chloroquine, amodiaquine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine on Plasmodium falciparum gametocytemia.

The effects of chloroquine, amodiaquine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (SP) (Fansidar) on the infection rate and density of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes were studied in 198 patients with falciparum malaria from an area in the Punjab where malaria is endemic but seasonally transmitted. One month following treatment of 100 patients, SP had reduced the gametocyte carrier rate from 37% to 6% and the mean gametocyte density from 80 to 1.4 per mm3 of blood. Chloroquine and amodiaquine were much less effective. Since SP has no gametocytocidal properties and the reduction in gametocytes coincided with clearance of asexual parasitemias, gametocytes were probably reduced subsequent to the cure of the asexual malaria infections. If used during the nontransmission season, SP might be an effective component of an integrated program for reducing malaria transmission in the Punjab and other areas where 4-aminoquinoline-resistant and SP-sensitive falciparum malaria exists.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Naltrexone-induced dysphoria in former opioid addicts.

Naltrexone treatment, used to prevent relapse among former opioid addicts, is reported to have an extraordinary rate of noncompliance. Since activation of opioid receptors produces a sense of well-being, naltrexone's blockade of these receptors might produce dysphoria, which could contribute to noncompliance among addicts under treatment. To test this hypothesis, the authors administered naltrexone to four men who had been free of opioids for 9 to 44 months using a 6-week, placebo-controlled crossover design. One subject dropped out with abstinence-like symptoms, and two others reported mild but significantly greater dysphoria during naltrexone administration. The results suggest that naltrexone may induce mild dysphoria long after addicts stop using opioids.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Oxytetracycline in the treatment of ocular rosacea: a double-blind trial.

Thirty-five patients with ocular rosacea were admitted to a trial of systemic oxytetracycline, 250 mg b.d. for 6 weeks. Oxytetracycline produced a significantly higher number of remissions than the placebo, 11/35. With repeated or continuous treatment 19/35 patients achieved a sustained remission for 8 months. There were no side effects. The nonspecific signs of ocular rosacea responded well to the treatment, but no permanent change in the conjunctival or corneal vascularisation occurred.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1980

Fish hook injuries of the eye.

Two cases of fish hook injuries to the eye are described. Both were removed successfully by rotating the hook through undamaged tissue before snipping off the barb. Good vision was restored without complications for periods of 12 and 18 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Atenolol eye drops.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1973

A system for recording individualized behavioral data in a token program.

A data matrix system used to record and summarize individual behavioral data is described. The major characteristics of the system are: (1) it provides a place to record and summarize all patient token exchanges, whether for standard contingencies or for idiosyncratic behavior; (2) it serves as a record and summary for time samples observed during a 24-hr period and as a record of reliability data on time sample measures; (3) it provides a place where the new token balance for each patient can be calculated and recorded for use the next day; (4) it provides for calculation of an individual patient's token balance at any given moment; and (5) it is a permanent record of each patient's daily participation in the program and documents progress in terms of his economic status as well as in changes in critical target behaviors.

Journal Article↗