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Biomedical subjects

M Møller

Publications and source records attributed to M Møller.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Peptide histidine-isoleucine (PHI)-immunoreactive amacrine cells in the retina of the rat.

Peptide histidine-isoleucine (PHI) immunoreactivity was located in amacrine-like cells in adult rat retina by use of immunohistochemical techniques. Immunoreactive somata were found in the proximal part of the inner nuclear layer. From these somata, processes could be followed into the inner plexiform layer. The terminals of these processes were mainly found in the sublayers, 1, 2, and 3, but a few terminals were also present in the other inner plexiform sublaminae. The distribution of PHI-immunoreactive somata and processes corresponds with the cellular distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and indicates a possible co-localization with this peptide.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Central neural control of pineal melatonin synthesis in the rat.

To investigate a possible central neural influence on nocturnal pineal metabolic activity in rats, frontal transsections of the stria medullaris thalami were conducted. Enzymes involved in melatonin synthesis, i.e. N-acetyltransferase and hydroxyindole-O-methyl-transferase, exhibited reduced activities in operated animals when compared to controls. These results indicate a modulatory role of central structures on nocturnal pineal indole metabolism.

Acetylserotonin O-Methyltransferase↗
PubMed1987

Neural connections between the brain and the pineal gland of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). Tracer studies by use of horseradish peroxidase in vivo and in vitro.

Neurons projecting from the brain to the pineal gland via the pineal stalk were investigated in the golden hamster with the use of the retrograde horseradish-peroxidase tracing method both in vivo and in vitro. Labelled perikarya were observed in the medial and lateral habenular nuclei as well as in the posterior commissure. Single cells located in the ependymal lining of the pineal- and suprapineal recesses were also retrogradely labelled. These results show that a distinct central innervation of the pineal gland exists in the golden hamster, in agreement with findings in other mammalian species investigated by means of a similar methodology. In addition, also direct signals from the cerebrospinal fluid to the parenchyma might be conducted via cells located within the ependymal layer of the pineal- and suprapineal recesses.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The presence of retinopetal fibres in the optic nerve of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus): a horseradish peroxidase in vitro study.

Mongolian gerbils were enucleated, and a crystal of HRP placed on the cut surface of the transected optic nerves emerging from the eyeballs. After incubation in an oxygenated medium, glutaraldehyde fixation, cryo-sectioning and reaction of the sections for peroxidase activity, HRP-labelled fibres were observed in the optic nerve fibre layer of the retina. Some of the labelled fibres penetrated in the external direction from the ganglion cell layer into outer retinal layers. HRP-labelled fibres were observed in the inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, as well as the outer plexiform layer. In the outer plexiform layer arborization of the fibres was prominent especially close to the outer nuclear layer. In all layers some fibres were beaded. Due to the lack of trans-synaptic transport by use of this in vitro method the study strongly indicates the presence of an efferent innervation of the retina of the Mongolian gerbil. A preliminary report on this research has been presented at the Tenth European Neuroscience Meeting, Marseille (1986).

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Posture-dependent chronotropic effect of carotid sinus massage.

The hypertensive carotid sinus can be divided into cardioinhibitory (chronotropic) and vasodepressor components; the former can be evaluated by carotid sinus massage performed in the supine position. We present the case of a patient in whom the abnormal cardioinhibitory response could only be demonstrated while in the sitting position.

Carotid Sinus↗
PubMed1987

Oxytocin- or low-dose prostaglandin F2 alpha-infusion for stimulation of labor after primary rupture of membranes. A prospective, randomized trial.

One hundred consecutive women with singleton pregnancies and primary rupture of membranes (PROM) after 36 weeks of gestation were included in a prospective, randomized trial of intravenous infusion of oxytocin (up to 30 mIU/min) versus low-dose prostaglandin F2 alpha(PGF2 alpha, up to 6.0 micrograms/min). Cesarean section was performed in 12 patients because of suspected disproportion or intra-uterine asphyxia. Effective contractions or labor progress failed to become established within 8 hours in another 4 women stimulated with PGF2 alpha and 2 stimulated by oxytocin. The stimulation delivery time (hours) for the remaining 82 women treated with PGF2 alpha or oxytocin, respectively was 8.7 against 12.1 for initial Bishop score less than 5 (p less than 0.01), (Mann-Whitney test), 7.2 vs. 7.1 for Bishop score 5-8 and 5.7 vs. 4.2 for Bishop score greater than 8. Patients with initial Bishop score less than 5 seemed to need analgetics less often when treated with PGF2 alpha than with oxytocin. Frequencies of side effects and instrumental deliveries as well as the fetal outcome were similar for the two treatment schedules. The results of the study suggest that low-dose PGF2 alpha infusion may be the more appropriate treatment for women with an unfavorable initial Bishop score.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Direct projections to the rat pineal gland via the stria medullaris thalami. An anterograde tracing study by use of horseradish peroxidase.

The possible presence of a direct nervous projection from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus to the pineal gland of the rat was investigated by means of the anterograde neuron-tracing method using horseradish peroxidase. The tracer was injected unilaterally into the PVN and the animals were allowed to survive between 12 and 26 h. Numerous peroxidase-positive fibers were observed, ipsilateral to the injection site, in the stria medullaris thalami and could be followed into the medial habenular nucleus and the habenular commissure. From there, fibers penetrated into the deep pineal gland (lamina intercalaris), and further into the pineal stalk. These data support results of previous investigations describing retrograde labeling of the PVN following intrapineal injections of horseradish peroxidase and are in accordance with recent experiments demonstrating an influence of the PVN on electrical and biochemical activity of the pineal gland.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1986

Autoradiographic localization of transported neutral amino acids in epithelia of cat submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.

Light-microscopic autoradiography was used to localize the cellular sites for neutral amino acid uptake in submandibular and sublingual salivary gland epithelia. The vasculature of isolated glands was perfused for 3-5 min with either L-(3-3H)serine or L-(4-3H)phenylalanine and then fixed by perfusion with buffered glutaraldehyde. In the submandibular gland the small neutral amino acid L-serine and the aromatic amino acid L-phenylalanine were localized to central acinar cells, demilunar cells and ductal cells. In the sublingual gland silver grains associated with each of these tritiated amino acids were localized to central acinar and ductal cells. Perfusion of both submandibular and sublingual glands with unlabelled L-serine (25 mM) or L-phenylalanine (30 mM) resulted in a significant decrease in the silver grain density associated with each labelled amino acid. The absence of silver grains in the lumina of acinar and ductal cells and the presence of tight junctions near the apical surface of the epithelium strongly suggest that the initial uptake of these amino acids was mediated by basolateral plasma membrane carriers.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

The presence of substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibres in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).

Serial frontal and sagittal sections through the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) of the male Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) were incubated with an antibody against substance P and stained by the indirect peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique. A high density of nerve fibres with large-sized terminals exhibiting substance P-immunoreactivity was observed in the OVLT in close relation to the blood vessels both in the internal and the external zone of the organ. In addition, a few fibres penetrated into the ependyma covering the organ. These results indicate that substance P is released into the bloodstream from the OVLT and in addition might influence the ependymal cells bordering the organ towards the third ventricle.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Localization of the neuronal cell adhesion molecule D2-protein in explant cultures of dorsal root ganglia by use of the colloidal-gold immunocytochemical technique.

The localization of the neuronal cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), D2-protein, in explant cultures of rat dorsal root ganglia was investigated at the electron microscope level by the use of 17-nm-diameter colloidal gold particles coated with swine anti-rabbit immunoglobulin molecules. The minimum amount of IgG needed to coat the gold particles and the pH optimal for coating were both determined. Immunocytochemical studies of cultures revealed the binding of gold particles to the neuronal plasma membrane, especially on neuritic processes. Schwann cells were not labeled, and the level of unspecific background staining was very low.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Mutagenic properties of spent bleaching liquors from sulphite pulps and a comparison with kraft pulp bleaching liquors.

Parameters influencing the mutagenic properties of spent bleaching liquors from sulphite pulps have been studied. In addition a comparison has been made between the properties of spent liquors from sulphite and kraft pulp bleaching. In the sulphite process the cooking base had no influence on the mutagenicity of the chlorination stage. In contrast, removing the extractives before chlorination especially for dissolving pulp resulted in an increase in mutagenic activity. The mutagenicity decreased significantly after substituting 40% of the chlorine with chlorine dioxide. Sequential addition of chlorine and chlorine dioxide resulted in higher activity than simultaneous or premixed chlorination as observed for liquors from kraft pulp. Increasing the pH of the extracts or addition of sulphur dioxide decreased the mutagenicity. Expressed as 10(7) revertants per kappa number and ton pulp the mutagenicity varied between 10 and 40 for sulphite pulp while the corresponding figures for kraft pulp were 100-225.

Chlorine↗
PubMed1986

Genotoxicity and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon analysis of environmental tobacco smoke samples from restaurants.

Acetone-extracted samples of airborne particulate matter collected in three restaurants were analysed for their content of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and related polynuclear aromatic compounds (PAC) as well as for genotoxic activity using the Salmonella/microsome assay (strains TA98 and TA100) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cultures. The total particulate matter varied considerably in the restaurants, being 1.37 mg/m3 at the highest; in the same restaurant the highest amount of total PAHs (168 ng/m3) was also detected. Altogether, 13-22 individual PACs were identified in the samples, ranging from phenanthrene to benzothionaphthene. All of the six samples caused significant increases both in bacterial revertant and SCE frequencies. In the Salmonella assay, the mutagenic activity detected was primarily with metabolic activation. However, in the CHO cell cultures the induction of SCEs was also seen without an exogenous metabolic activation system. The cytotoxicity of the extracts limited the concentration range tested in the SCE assay. Only a partial correspondence of the total PAH content with the genotoxic activity of the samples was found. The genotoxicity of restaurant air exceeded by one to two orders of magnitude the previously reported activities detected by similar methods in urban outdoor and indoor air samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Diagnosis of intrauterine infection by demonstration of antibody-coated bacteria in the amniotic fluid.

Immunofluorescence examination of amniotic fluid for the occurrence of antibody-coated bacteria was carried out in 72 consecutive women with premature rupture of the fetal membranes to assess this method in the diagnosis of intrauterine infection. Antibody-coated bacteria were demonstrated in 11 women with clinical signs of intrauterine infection, histological amnionitis and heavy growth of one bacterial species. The presence of intrauterine infection was considered possible in another 14 women. One patient had no clinical signs of infection, but positive histological and bacteriological evidence; antibody-coated bacteria were demonstrated in this patient, but not in the remaining 13 women. In 47 women clinical, histological and bacteriological signs of intrauterine infection were absent, and examinations for antibody-coated bacteria were negative in all of them. It is concluded that the demonstration of antibody-coated bacteria in amniotic fluid indicates the presence of intrauterine infection, and the examination may in some cases be positive before the appearance of clinical signs of infection.

Amniotic Fluid↗