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Biomedical subjects

M M Singh

Publications and source records attributed to M M Singh.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Giant aneurysm of the internal carotid artery in the carotid canal.

A case of giant aneurysm of the intrapetrous portion of the internal carotid artery, with intracranial and extra-cranial extension in an eight-year-old girl, is reported. Intracranial extension was demonstrated by the presence of a large sac projecting above the petrous shadow in a frontal carotid angiogram, and upward displacement of the middle cerebral artery in the post-ligation angiogram. Extracranial extension was shown clinically as a pulsating mass in the nasopharynx, and also radiologically as a widened medial coronoid space. Erosive destruction of the petrous bone and its neighbourhood produced palsies of the 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th cranial nerves. There was appreciable recovery in the cranial nerve palsies when the patient was assessed clinically two weeks after ligation of the internal carotid artery.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1979

The relation between pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP1) levels and abnormal glucose tolerance in pregnancy.

Pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP1) levels were measured in 54 potentially diabetic patients in the third trimester of pregnancy using a laser nephelometric method. All patients were tested by the 50 g oral glucose tolerance test. The results show that a significantly greater number of patients with abnormal glucose tolerance had SP1 levels above the mean compared with patients with normal glucose responses. All patients with a diabetic type response had SP1 levels above the mean. There was no significant difference in SP1 levels in the fasting and two-hour plasma samples. The study suggests that patients with asymptomatic glucose intolerance in pregnancy have higher SP1 levels than patients with normal glucose tolerance. It is possible that one of the factors controlling the placental output of SP1 is the maternal blood glucose level.

Beta-Globulins↗
PubMed1979

Therapeutic antagonism between anticholinergic antiparkinsonism agents and neuroleptics in schizophrenia. Implications for a neuropharmacological model.

Systematic data from three studies suggest that anticholinergic antiparkinsonism agents, when added to ongoing neuroleptic treatment in schizophrenics, have the effect of arresting or reversing therapeutic changes, and when given alone to untreated patients, tend to further worsen their psychosis. The countertherapeutic effects of anticholinergic drugs are reflected particularly in parameters which represent features of schizophrenic psychosis most consistently responsive to neuroleptics. It is proposed that these anticholinergic effects are central in origin and point to the involvement of cholinergic mechanisms in the expression of schizophrenic psychosis and its improvement with neuroleptic medication.

Antiparkinson Agents↗
PubMed1979

Role of Aspergillus and Candida species in allergic bronchopulmonary mycoses. A comparative study.

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and allergic bronchopulmonary candidiasis (ABPC) has been diagnosed in 20 and 13 cases respectively with one case in common, on the basis of laboratory and clinical findings. Most of the ABPA cases (60%) diagnosed had an early onset of respiratory symptoms, i.e. below the age of 30 years, while most of ABPC cases (69%) had a late onset of respiratory symptoms, i.e. after the age of 30 years. The precipitin bands in ABPA and ABPC were R-type and H-type, respectively. Apparently, ABPA and ABPC are independent of one another in origin as suggested by specific precipitins and dual skin reaction. In ABPA, A. fumigatus appears to be the primary causal organism although the contributory role of other species of Aspergillus, which include A. flavus, A. nidulans, A. terreus and A. niger, is evident from the present study. It is concluded that allergic bronchopulmonary mycoses (ABPM) could be caused by several fungal species independently or jointly belonging to the genera Asperigillus and Candida.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed1979

Dysphoric response to neuroleptic treatment in schizophrenia: its relationship to autonomic arousal and prognosis.

Longitudinal pharmacotherapeutic data from 58 schizophrenic patients suggest that the emergence of a dysphoric state, characterized by a combination of anxiety, depression, and accusatoriness, early in the course of neuroleptic treatment augurs poor therapeutic outcome and is associated with an unfavorable prognostic classification and a tendency for autonomic arousal to increase with treatment from a drug-free base line somewhat higher than normal. These associations particularly characterized the nonparanoid schizophrenics with nuclear prognostic classification and poor short-term as well as long-term therapeutic outcome; they did not apply to the paranoids. The dysphoric response was unrelated to base-line dysphoria or to the extrapyramidal reactions to neuroleptic medication, and seemed to reflect some basic biological differences between the poor prognosis nonparanoid, the good prognosis nonparanoid, and the paranoid schizophrenics.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Serum-prolactin in female infertility.

55 of 100 new female patients attending an infertility clinic had serum-prolactin concentrations greater than the upper limit of normal (360 mU/l). There was no significant correlation between serum-prolactin value and clinical features including age, duration of infertility, past reproduction, menstrual pattern, past use of oral contraception, or pregnancy-rate after treatment. The place of serum-prolactin estimations in the management of infertile women is unclear, particularly since the precision of currently available radioimmunoassays is questionable. The major value of serum-prolactin estimations lies in identifying those patients in whom further investigation for pituitary tumour is indicated both before treatment and during any ensuing pregnancy, and in selecting patients suitable for bromocriptine therapy.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1978

Nosological and prognostic distinctions in schizophrenia: pharmacological validation in terms of therapeutic antagonism between anticholinergic anti-parkinsonism drugs and neuroleptics.

In studying the relationships between anticholinergic-neuroleptic interactions and the nosological and prognostic distinctions in schizophrenia, we have shown that these distinctions have clinicopathological meaning. The countertherapeutic anticholinergic effects seemed to be particularly evident in the good outcome, schizophreniform cases and differentiated between the three diagnostic subtypes. Such effects were most conspicuous in the catatonics who also had the most favorable prognosis, while the paranoids differed from others in not only showing the least anticholinergic effects but also in not conforming to the relationship between these effects and prognosis. The findings are briefly considered in relation to those with wheat gluten which has also been shown to be a countertherapeutic factor in schizophrenia in another study.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Complete heart block complicating acute myocardial infarction.

Complete heart block (CHB) developed in 10.3% of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). It was more frequent among patients with inferior myocardial infarction compared to anterior myocardial infarction, but the mortality was significantly high among patients with anterior MI who developed CHB. A new classification into primary (P) and secondary (S) CHB is suggested by the sequence of events. The incidence and mortality of SCHB was significantly high when compared to the incidence and mortality of PCHB. Wide QRS complexes, a heart rate of less than 60/min, and syncopal attacks were the grave prognostic signs. Progression from a lesser degree of AV block and regression of CHB to a lesser degree of AV Block were both observed in 25.8% cases. Circulatory failure in the form of shock, hypotension, congestive heart failure, and left ventricular failure, alone or in combination was a factor in 17 of the 22 patients who died. Four of 5 patients who underwent transvenous pacing also died.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Bromocriptine in the treatment of secondary amenorrhoea and ovarian dysfunction in hyper- and normo-prolactinaemic patients.

The clinical use of bromocriptine (2.5 mg twice daily) was investigated in 40 women attending an infertility clinic and presenting with secondary amenorrhoea (18) or with ovarian dysfunction (22) which had failed to respond to anti-oestrogen therapy. Patients in each group were sub-divided into those with raised and those with normal prolactin levels, and re-examined at 3 and 12 months after the start of treatment. The results confirmed that bromocriptine is effective in the treatment of hyperprolactinaemic states whether there is amenorrhoea or not. Moreover, in cases of ovarian dysfunction as well as of amenorrhoea where the prolactin levels were within the normal range, there was evidence to suggest that bromocriptine can be associated with a return of ovulation, although the mechanism by which it might do so still needs evaluation.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1978

Luteotrophic effect of the rabbit blastocyst.

Progesterone concentrations in peripheral plasma of 27 rabbits were determined by radioimmunoassay daily from Days 1 to 7. The rate of increase was significantly higher in pregnant than in pseudopregnant rabbits from Days 5 to 7 (P less than 0.02), but not before Day 5. Transfer of Day-4 or -5 blastocysts to synchronous, pseudo-pregnant recipients resulted in a significant rise in progesterone levels in comparison with those in sham-operated controls (P less than 0.01) or pseudopregnant does (P less than 0.01).

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests in the diagnosis of diabetes in pregnancy.

Forty potentially diabetic patients in the third trimester of pregnancy had an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)) and an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT); in only three were both test "diabetic". Of the 21 patients with a normal OGTT, 9 were "borderline" and 3 "diabetic" when tested by an IVGTT. Patients with an abnormal IVGTT but a normal OGTT were left untreated and allowed to go into labour spontaneously with a favourable outcome. There were no convincing relations between the results of the GTTs and levels of insulin, HPL or cortisol.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Wheat gluten as a pathogenic factor in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenics maintained on a cereal grain-free and milk-free diet and receiving optimal treatment with neuropleptics showed an interruption or reversal of their therapeutic progress during a period of "blind" wheat gluten challenge. The exacerbation of the disease process was not due to variations in neuroleptic doses. After termination of the gluten challenge, the course of improvement was reinstated. The observed effects seemed to be due to a primary schizophrenia-promoting effect of wheat gluten.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Carbohydrate metabolism in pre-eclampsia.

Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed on 30 primigravidae with pre-eclampsia and 15 normal primigravidae in late pregnancy. The groups were matched for age, height and weight and had no stigmata of potential diabetes. Plasma glucose, plasma immunoreactive insulin and plasma placental lactogen (HPL) levels were measured before (fasting) and at timed intervals after the glucose challenge; the glucose response was expressed as the increment index. The patients with severe pre-eclampsia had significantly lower fasting plasma glucose levels than those with mild pre-eclampsia and normal pregnancies. The mean increment index in both the severe and mild pre-eclamptic groups was significantly lower than that of the normal pregnant group. Fasting HPL levels were significantly lower in patients with severe pre-eclampsia than in those who had mild pre-eclampsia or a normal pregnancy. Both the fasting plasma insulin and insulin response following glucose injection were lower in patients with severe pre-eclampsia than in those with mild pre-eclampsia or a normal pregnancy. The differences however were not statistically significant. The results of this study suggest that carbohydrate metabolism in severe pre-eclampsia is altered to an extent similar to that in patients with chemical gestational diabetes, and this alteration may be due to maternal beta-cell anoxia caused by the vascular changes in pre-eclampsia.

Adolescent↗