Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M M Singh

Publications and source records attributed to M M Singh.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Reversibility of antigestagenic action of antiprogestin onapristone by exogenous progestagens during early pregnancy in guinea pig.

Ability of progesterone, gestodene, promegestone and cyproterone acetate (CPA) to reverse antigestagenic action of onapristone in adult female guinea pigs was investigated. Onapristone (10 mg/kg, s.c.) administered on post-conception days 8-11 caused resorption of implantations and vaginal bleeding in all animals. Simultaneous administration of progesterone, gestodene or promegestone on days 7-13 successfully reversed antigestagenic action of this antiprogestin, since most animals supplemented with these progestagens had viable implantations at autopsy on day 14. CPA was, however, ineffective and animals supplemented with it had only resorbed implantations and blood in uterus and vagina like that in onapristone per se treated animals. High plasma progesterone and low PGFM concentration were generally observed in all pregnant animals bearing viable implantations. PGFM (13, 14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2 alpha) was significantly elevated by day 14 in onapristone-treated (Group II) and CPA-supplemented (Group X) animals. No discernible effect on pregnancy or post-implantation embryonic development was observed in animals treated per se with these progestagens.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Post-coital contraceptive efficacy of the seeds of Nigella sativa in rats.

Hexane extract of the seeds of Nigella sativa L. prevented pregnancy in Sprague-Dawley rats treated orally at 2 g/kg daily dose on days 1-10 post-coitum. Significant antifertility activity was also observed in its column fractions and subfractions. At contraceptive dose, the active hexane extract exhibited only mild uterotrophic activity comparable almost to 0.002 mg/kg dose of 17 varies; is directly proportional to-Ethinylestradiol, but was devoid of any estrogenicity in the immature rat bioassay.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Reproductive health behaviour of rural women.

The extent and nature of reproductive health problems, and the actions taken for prevention/management of these problems were studied in rural area of district Ambala, Haryana. Maternal mortality rate was found to be 230/100,000 live births. Only 31% had died in hospitals; 64% cases were not referred. Main reason for non referral was ignorance about the nature of the complication in 54%. In another study done in 4 villages, 61.2% (367/600) married women of 15-44 years reported to be suffering from symptoms suggestive of gynecological disorders. Out of the 228 who had delivered in past 2 years, 103 (45.2%) reported to have suffered from illnesses in the maternity period, 19.3% had a major maternity complication. Government doctors were consulted in 29.2%, private doctors in 43.1%, health auxiliaries in 16% and traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in 11.8% of the episodes. Average cost of treatment was Rs 211 per episode. For management of maternity related complication, 65.8% could identify a proper hospital. For conducting the delivery, 10% preferred doctors, 60.2% nurse-midwife, and 29.3% TBAs. Although 93.8% of the respondents knew about the places where pregnancy can be terminated, but only 13.8% knew that doctors conduct abortion. In view of the lack of proper understanding about the reproductive health problems, health education campaign should be launched so that maternity care facilities being upgraded in the country are utilised. Programmes for prevention and treatment of gynecological morbidity should also be initiated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Bell's palsy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Assessment of location-specific human exposure to dichloro-diphenyl trichloroethane and benzenehexachloride in Gujarat state, India.

On the basis of the use of insecticides in agriculture and vector control programmes, two locations were selected in Gujarat state, India. In location 1 the insecticides are used in both agriculture and vector control programmes while in location 2 they are used only in agriculture. Raw food commodities, water, soil and blood samples were collected from the people residing in these locations, and analysed for total dichloro-diphenyl trichloroethane and total benzenehexachloride residues. Residue levels were significantly lower in location 2 than in location 1.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Uterine estradiol and progesterone receptor concentration in relation to circulating hormone levels and histoarchitecture during high endometrial sensitivity and induced decidualization in guinea pigs.

Alterations in nuclear and cytosolic estradiol (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor concentration in the antimesometrial (AM) and mesometrial (M) segments of the uterus in relation to circulating hormone levels, histology and surface topography during the period of high endometrial sensitivity and development of trauma-induced decidualization in cyclic guinea pigs were investigated. The period of high endometrial sensitivity (i.e. day 5 of the estrous cycle) was characterized by elevated plasma estradiol and progesterone and their receptors in the nuclear and cytosolic fractions of the uterus. There was, however, no difference in the concentration of these receptors or the surface ultrastructure in the AM and M segments. Unilateral traumatization by scissor cut along the AM length of the uterus on day 5 of the estrous cycle induced decidual cell reaction resulting in a marked increase in weight of the decidualized (traumatized) uterine horn with advancing decidualization to reach maximum levels (926% of the contralateral nontraumatized uterine horn) 7 days after traumatization. This was associated with decidual transformation and a marked increase in nuclear and cytosolic ER and PR concentration in the AM segment of the traumatized uterine horn. An increase in receptor concentration in the M segment of the traumatized uterine horn or the AM segment of the nontraumatized uterine horn was transitory and of a low order. Receptor concentration in the M segment of the nontraumatized uterine horn remained low throughout days 8-12 of the cycle. Findings indicate a possible role of both estradiol and progesterone in induction of endometrial sensitivity and development and maintenance of decidua in the guinea pig.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effect of a new anti-oestrogen and anti-implantation agent, CDRI-85/287, on tubal transport, development and viability of rat embryos.

The effect of CDRI-85/287, a pure nonsteroidal anti-oestrogen, on the rate of tubal transport and development and viability of embryos in rats was investigated. Single postcoital oral administration of an anti-implantation dose (2.5 mg kg-1) resulted in a mild acceleration in the passage of embryos through the oviduct; however, their rates of recovery, cleavage, blastocyst formation and zona shedding remained unaffected. Morphologically normal embryos were recovered from the genital tract up to Day 12 post coitum. Embryos recovered from CDRI-85/287-treated rats on Days 4 and 8 post coitum developed to normal term fetuses when transferred to uteri of untreated females. The compound therefore did not seem to have any deleterious direct effect on development or viability of rat embryos.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Duration of anti-implantation action of the triphenylethylene anti-oestrogen centchroman in adult female rats.

The duration of the anti-implantation action of a single oral post-coital dose (1.25 mg kg-1) of a triphenylethylene anti-oestrogen, centchroman, was determined in adult rats. The effects of centchroman were compared with those of tamoxifen. In rats undergoing delay, centchroman administered orally on day 7 post-coitum prevented the induction of implantation of delayed blastocysts by an implantation inducing dose (1 micrograms per rat, s.c.) of oestrone which was administered earlier than 120 h after centchroman treatment. In tamoxifen (0.2 mg kg-1, orally) pretreated rats, oestrone administered at 144 h or later induced implantation. In cyclic rats treated with centchroman at intervals of 168 h and mated with males of proven fertility, implantation was prevented only when the interval between centchroman treatment and nidatory oestrogen secretion was less than 120 h. None of the females conceived when treated regularly at intervals of 120 h during exposure to fertile males. Discontinuation of treatment resulted in the occurrence of normal implantations in rats that mated 48 h or later after the last dose of centchroman, since in these animals the interval between anti-oestrogen treatment and nidatory oestrogen secretion was greater than 120 h. These findings suggest that the duration of the anti-implantation action of a single oral antifertility dose of centchroman in rats is about 120 h. Recovery of normal blastocysts from rats treated continuously with this dose of centchroman at these intervals suggests lack of significant effect on follicular maturation, ovulation, fertilization, preimplantation development or mating behaviour.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Antigestagenic activity of Ixora finlaysoniana in rat.

Oral administration of crude ethanolic extract of the serial parts of Ixora finlaysoniana Wall. ex G. Don to adult female rats at 250 mg/kg dose on days 1-5 or 1-7 post-coitum prevented pregnancy in 100% rats. The extract was also effective when administered on days 1 or 1-3 post-coitum, but the minimum effective dose increased with decreased duration of administration and was 1000 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively, in the two schedules. At lower doses, a significant reduction in implantation number and increased post-implantation resorption rate were observed in all the schedules. Almost complete resorption of all implantations was observed after administration of 1000 mg/kg dose of the extract during the peri-implantation period. A slight acceleration in tubal transport rate of embryos and delay in blastocyst formation were observed in rats treated postcoitally with the single anti-implantation dose of the extract. Significantly fewer embryos were recovered after their entry into the uterus. Except in one rat receiving 250 mg/kg dose of the extract on days 1-5, in which one apparently normal zona-free blastocyst was recovered from the uterus, uterine flushings of none of the nonpregnant animals contained any unimplanted embryos by day 10 post-coitum. In immature rat bioassay, the extract was found to possess estrogenic activity as evidenced by dose-dependent increase in uterine weight and cornification of the vaginal epithelium at doses ranging from 50-1000 mg/kg. At the 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses, it also induced premature opening of the vagina. Taking 100% increase in uterine weight as the parameter, the extract was found to be about 1.6X10(5) times less estrogenic than ethinylestradiol. The extent and duration of estrogenic responses exerted by single contraceptive dose of the extract were also markedly lower than that induced by ethinylestradiol. The extract was devoid of any estrogen antagonistic or synergistic activity and did not affect ovarian prenidatory estrogen or progesterone synthesis. The findings indicate that the extract at its contraceptive dose a) exerts a differential estrogenic response at the fallopian tube and the uterine levels, b) does not appear embryocidal, but causes slight asynchrony in development and tubal transport rate of pre-implantation embryos, which together with their loss through vagina after entry into the uterus, due to estrogenic action of the extract, might contribute to its anti-implantation action, and c) its anti-implantation and post-implantation resorptive actions are not mediated via altered ovarian function.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effect of a pure nonsteroidal antiestrogen, CDRI-85/287, on implantation--associated histological and biochemical changes in the rat uterus.

The effect of compound CDRI-85/287, a pure, nonsteroidal antiestrogen, on implantation-associated changes in rat uterus were studied. Results provide a clear correlation between the antideciduogenic action of 85/287 (0.05 mg/kg in days 1-5 post-coitum or 2.5 mg/kg on day 1 post-coitum) and the time of its administration in relation to the secretion of prenidatory luteal phase estrogen. The antiestrogenic nature of the compound is further highlighted by inhibition of estradiol-induced increase in vascular permeability. In the present study, differences in the pattern of biochemical maturation of the pregnant, pseudopregnant and 85/287-treated rat uterus have also been illustrated. As compared to the pregnant rat uterus, absence of (the blastocyst and) decidualizing tissue in the pseudopregnant rat uterus accounts for the low uterine weight, protein, RNA, phospholipids and alkaline phosphatase at the time of implantation. Post-coital treatment with 85/287 (2.5 mg/kg, oral) inhibited increase in these parameters at the time of implantation. Glycogen levels which were lowered in the pregnant rat uterus on days 5 and 6, remain unaltered in the pseudopregnant and 85/287-treated rat uteri, suggesting nonutilization of this energy substrate. These findings provide sufficient evidence that the antiimplantation activity of 85/287 is due to its antiestrogenic property.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

Synthesis of novel 6-aza-B- and 11-aza-C-homoestranes as antifertility agents.

Reaction of 3,9 alpha, 17 beta-trihydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-11-one 17-acetate 3-methyl ether (3) with N3H-BF3 etherate leads mainly to lactam (4) along with the N-azido compound (5) as a minor product. Under similar conditions, 3,17 beta-dihydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-6-one 17-acetate 3-methyl ether gives lactam (12) and the tetrazole derivative (9). Similar reaction of the diacetate (8) gives only the tetrazole derivative (11). Compounds 4, 6, and 10 prevent implantation in rats at 5-, 10-, and 5-mg/kg doses, respectively. Compounds 4, 6, 9, and 10 show significant estrogenic activity at the respective contraceptive doses.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Anaesthetic technique for elective caesarean section and neurobehavioural status of newborns.

Ninety healthy parturients undergoing elective caesarean section were randomly allocated to receive either general (n = 30), epidural (n = 30) or spinal (n = 30) anaesthesia. Acid-base status, Apgar score and neurobehavioural status, using the neurologic and adaptive capacity scoring (NACS) system, were studied in the newborn. Apgar scores and acid-base parameters were similar in all the three groups. NACS testing revealed significantly more vigorous babies in the spinal anaesthesia group than in the other two groups at 15 min and 2 h interval after delivery, despite a higher incidence of maternal hypotension. We conclude that newborns tend to have a better neurobehavioural status in the early post-delivery period if their mothers receive spinal anaesthesia rather than general or epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Menstrual arthritis.

The menstrual cycle is characterised by variations in the absolute and relative concentrations of the hormones of the hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis, which in turn affect cell function and cytokine and heat shock protein production. Menstruation involves the shedding of the secretory endometrium, which is part of the mucosal associated lymphoid tissue and hence is rich in immunologically competent cells such as CD8 T cells and macrophages. The case is reported here of a patient presenting with a recurrent but transient symmetrical inflammatory polyarthritis which only occurred at menstruation with no residual damage. The disease was suppressed by danazol. Endometrial degradation products are suggested as the trigger of this 'menstrual arthritis'.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Prescription drug use in lactating mothers: an experience at a referral hospital and in a community in India.

The aim of the study was to investigate the extent of prescription drugs administered for common disorders during the post partum period. This is a prospective survey of disorders and drug use in 1) immediate postpartum mothers (n = 200) admitted to the maternity wards, 2) in post-natal hospital follow-up clinic (n = 200) and in 3) the rural home based community (n = 100). A pretested questionnaire was filled in by medical officers after interviewing the mothers. The mean age of the mothers was 25 years and a literacy rate of 50% above the 10th grade. Over 80% of the women were multigravida in the entire sample; 45% underwent Caesarean Section in a hospital; 97.6% had a normal delivery in the community. In the hospital settings 4.1% infants had jaundice and 1% had congenital anomalies. In the community setting, diarrhoea and pneumonia was seen in 2.6% of the infants. Apart from the use of nutritional supplements, such as iron, calcium, multivitamins etc., most commonly prescribed drugs were analgesics (in 70% of patients in the hospital settings, 56% of the patients in the postnatal clinic and 37.6% patients in the community), and antibiotics (90% of the patients in the hospital settings, 86% of the patients in the postnatal clinic and 13% of the community based patients). Antihypertensives agents (2.5% of the patients), digoxin (1.5% of the patients), bronchodilators (1% of the patients) and sedatives (3.5% of the patients) were prescribed to admitted patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

CDRI-85/287, a novel antiestrogen and antiimplantation agent: biological profile and interaction with the estrogen receptors in immature rat uterus.

Postcoital antifertility efficacy, estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of compound 85/287 were determined by the subcutaneous route in rats. It was 100% effective in preventing implantation at 0.5 mg/kg dose when administered within 24 h of mating and at 0.05 mg/kg in the days 1-5 post-coitum regimen. In the immature rat bioassay, it exhibited mild uterotrophic effect at the contraceptive dose but when administered along with estradiol (E2), it caused almost complete inhibition of uterine weight gain and vaginal cornification at the 2 mg/kg dose. E2 administration to immature rats (0.1 microgram, s.c., 3 days) caused 3-5 fold increase in the nuclear as well as cytoplasmic estradiol receptor (ER) content as compared to controls. In contrast, 85/287 (0.5 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg; s.c.), only translocated the ER to the nuclear compartment resulting in a depletion of cytoplasmic ER levels. Concurrent administration of 85/287 and E2 inhibited E2-induced increase in cytoplasmic ER. It is suggested that compound 85/287 exerts its antiestrogenic and antiimplantation action by interfering with the formation of E2-receptor complexes in the uterus.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Fetal resorption in rats treated with an antiestrogen in relation to luteal phase nidatory estrogen secretion.

Centchroman was administered to rats in relation to luteal phase nidatory estrogen secreted between 21.00 on day 4 and 10.00 on day 5 of pregnancy. A single oral dose of 1.25 mg/kg before the secretion of nidatory estrogen, i.e. until 21.00 on day 4, prevented implantation in 100% of the rats without altering plasma estradiol or progesterone concentration. Administration of a dose of up to 62.5 mg/kg at 10.00 on day 5 even failed to inhibit implantation, but caused dose-dependent resorption of implantations. Resorption of all implantations at a dose of 62.5 mg/kg was associated with a decrease in circulating progesterone levels, but was only partially reversed by progesterone or progesterone + estrone supplementation. Apparently normal morulae and blastocysts recovered between days 4 and 10 from rats treated with anti-implantation doses before release of nidatory estrogen, when transferred to the uteri of control rats exhibited lower pregnancy, implantation and development rates with increasing confinement in the genital tract of treated donors. None of the embryos recovered from control or centchroman treated females implanted in the uteri of treated rats. Centchroman administration on day 1, but not on day 5, abolished endometrial receptivity to an artificial stimulus for decidualization. All term fetuses were apparently normal and their weight comparable to that of control fetuses. The study provides evidence of post-implantation fetal resorption, occurring primarily between days 10 and 19 post-coitum, in rats treated with a potent antiestrogen before or immediately after the prenidatory estrogen secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗