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Education, Nursing↗
Biomedical subjects
M M Roberts
Publications and source records attributed to M M Roberts.
Prophylactic granulocyte transfusions: results of a randomized controlled trial in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia.
A prospective randomized and controlled clinical trial of prophylactic granulocyte transfusions was conducted in an attempt to reduce the mortality from infection in newly diagnosed adults with acute myelogenous leukemia. Granulocytes were harvested from normal donors by cytapheresis, and transfused patients received a median of 1.45 x 10(10) granulocytes (range 0.28--3.45 x 10(10)) on alternate days during marrow aplasia caused by initial induction chemotherapy. Transfusion were started if the absolute peripheral granulocyte count was less than 500 microliters. Thirteen patients received from one to 12 granulocyte transfusions, and 11 control patients received no granulocytes. No significant advantage was demonstrated in the transfused patients compared with controls with regard to the following: 1) deaths due to infection, 2) reduction in the frequency of febrile episodes, 3) delay in the onset of fever, 4) reduction in the length of febrile episodes, or 5) reduction in the frequency of proven infection.
Adolescent↗
Kinesiology of the empty can test.
The "empty can test" has been described to isolate supraspinatus muscle activity from the activity of other rotator cuff muscles. The shoulder is positioned in 90 degrees of abduction, with full internal rotation, and 30 degrees of forward flexion and maintained against resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine if the supraspinatus muscle is isolated by the empty can test. Ten normal male subjects were studied (age 25-43/mean 32) with fine-wire electromyography recording from their nondominant arm middle deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor. During the maneuver electromyogram activity was seen not only in the supraspinatus, but also in the infraspinatus and the middle head of the deltoid. Teres minor was inactive throughout the test; however, this is interesting because the teres minor and infraspinatus have previously been described as a functional unit. Our study found that the empty can test does not allow selective activation of the supraspinatus muscle.
Adult↗
Electrodiagnostic examination of the supinator--a more dorsal approach: a brief report.
Examination of the supinator muscle of the forearm may be useful in suspected lesions of the 5th and 6th cervical nerve roots, the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, or the radial nerve. It is critical in localizing the level of involvement in a patient with possible posterior interosseous nerve injury. The traditional techniques in the electrodiagnostic examination of this muscle have approached the muscle from the volar aspect, just radial to the insertion of the biceps tendon, medial to the brachioradialis, through the extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis, between the radial wrist extensors and extensor digitorum communis, or through the extensor digitorum communis. These approaches have the inherent risk of piercing vessels and/or nerves. After reviewing the pertinent anatomy in standard textbooks, magnetic resonance imaging, and a cadaver, we developed a more dorsal approach in the examination of the supinator. Examination of 20 patients by staff, fellows, and residents at our institution resulted in consistent, accurate needle placement, with no complications. We describe a more dorsal approach in the examination of the supinator muscle in the forearm.
Cadaver↗
Attendance at a breast screening clinic: a problem of administration or attitudes.
In a study of why a sample of women, aged 45-64 and registered with a group practice in Edinburgh, attended or did not attend the Edinburgh Breast Screening Clinic demographic, aetiological, social, and perceptual characteristics of attenders and non-attenders were compared. Similar proportions of attenders and non-attenders knew the chance of a breast lump being cancer and were aware of the benefits of early diagnosis and treatment. The study, however, suggests that non-attenders saw the screening clinic as a place of risk while the attenders saw screening in a positive light: 79% of non-attenders as compared with 36% of attenders said that they were afraid of cancer being found, and most women attended either to reassure themselves that they had not got breast cancer or to receive early treatment if they had. Furthermore, 72% of non-attenders as compared with 13% of attenders were anxious that their lives would be disrupted if cancer were found at the screening clinic. There may well be an important irreducible element to non-attendance due to attitudinal factors; the ethical implications of attempting to eliminate this require careful consideration.
Attitude to Health↗