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Biomedical subjects

M M Roberts

Publications and source records attributed to M M Roberts.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Mammary duct ectasia.

A total of 108 patients with mammary duct ectasia have been reviewed. Patients who presented with breast pain or a lump were significantly younger than those with nipple retraction. A histological review of the 88 patients who underwent biopsy showed severe periductal inflammation around non-dilated ducts occurred in younger patients and was associated with the symptom of breast pain or a lump, whereas older patients had duct dilatation as the most prominent feature, frequently associated with nipple retraction. These findings suggest periductal mastitis precedes duct dilatation and is the initial disorder in this condition. Data on parity and breast feeding for the 108 patients with duct ectasia were compared with age-matched groups of 505 patients with breast cancer, 199 with fibroadenoma, 240 with cysts and 912 'normals'. There were no differences in parity or breast-feeding history between the patients with duct ectasia and any other group, indicating that neither parity nor breast feeding is an important aetiological factor in this condition.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1983

Localization and excision of occult breast lesions.

Between 1976 and 1982, 190 non-palpable mammographic abnormalities considered to be suspicious of malignancy were excised using a needle localization technique. The indications for biopsy, technique for localization, method for confirmation of excision and histopathological preparation are presented. The histopathological diagnosis of these lesions were 150 benign and 40 malignant. There was no clear correlation between the mammographic appearances and the occurrence of cancer. Compared with 100 consecutive women with palpable breast cancer the impalpable and mammographically detected tumours were smaller, more often non-invasive and associated with negative axillary nodes.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Risk factors for breast cancer: relevance to screening.

In a study of risk factors for breast cancer in women aged between 40 and 60 information was obtained from 236 cases identified at a diagnostic clinic and 2962 controls with no breast abnormality who attended a screening clinic. Statistical analysis of the data used information on a further 167 women who had attended both clinics to correct for possible between clinic bias in questionnaire responses. Relative risk was estimated in four 5 year age groups, and a significant excess risk was found for women under 55 who had undergone previous breast biopsy and for women aged 50-55 who were premenopausal or who had a family history of breast cancer. No significant risk was found to be associated with marital status, age at first pregnancy, breast feeding, or use of hormonal drugs. It is concluded that epidemiological information is of little value in identifying high risk groups for a screening programme in this age range.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Risk factors relevant to cystic breast disease: a case-control study.

A total of 188 women aged 40-54 with cystic breast disease and 2213 asymptomatic controls were questioned in Edinburgh between 1974 and 1978 concerning marital, reproductive, and menstrual status, history of oral contraception use, history of previous breast complaints, and a family history of breast cancer. Women with a history of breast biopsy were at an increased risk of the disease and those past the menopause were at a decreased risk. These results agree with previous findings that the disease is most prevalent among premenopausal women and suggest that benign cystic disease of the breast does not share a common aetiology with breast cancer in the age range 40-54.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Simple mastectomy and axillary node sampling (pectoral node biopsy) in the management of primary breast cancer.

Axillary node sampling was introduced as a means of defining those patients whose primary breast cancer was treated by simple mastectomy in whom postoperative radiotherapy could be avoided safely. The authors have initiated controlled randomized trials in Cardiff and Edinburgh which have indicated that, provided that nodes are identified for histologic examination, simple mastectomy, node sampling, and selective radiotherapy give equal survival rates to routine radical treatment, whether this is by surgery or radiotherapy. Provided sampling of nodes is adequate and histologically proven, locoregional control also is satisfactory. A current randomized trial comparing this policy with Patey mastectomy has allowed comparative studies of axillary node status. These and follow-up data indicate that for a valid assessment, three to four nodes should be identified by the surgeon for histologic examination, the false negative rate being less than 10%.

Axilla↗
PubMed1982

Oestrogen receptors and primary breast cancer.

Oestrogen receptor activity has been determined in the primary tumours from 243 patients with breast cancer and the subsequent clinical course of the disease has been followed for one to five years. Patients with oestrogen receptor-negative tumours had significantly shorter disease free intervals and survival times than those with receptor-positive tumours. Patients with large tumours, or with palpable axillary lymph nodes, or with histopathologically proven involvement of axillary lymph nodes also had a poorer prognosis than those with small tumours, impalpable nodes or histopathologically noninvaded nodes. The prognostic value of oestrogen receptor status was independent of these other three indices so that combination of receptor status and node status permitted definition of groups of patients with particularly good and particularly bad prognosis. The independence of these prognostic indices may relate to the possibility that whilst oestrogen receptor status is an index of the intrinsic biological behaviour of the tumour, nodal involvement and tumour size are more likely to reflect the chronological stage in the course of the disease at which the patient presents.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Androgen conjugates in human breast cyst fluids.

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) has been measured by radioimmunoassay in 100 breast cyst fluids obtained from 82 women. Values ranged from 1.5 to 1,155 microM with a median of 140 microM. These concentrations are in excess of those for plasma but are comparable or less than values for breast secretions obtained by nipple aspiration. Levels of DHAS in cyst fluid were not significantly affected by age, menopausal status, or parity of the subject or by the volume of cyst fluid obtained. In patients with multiple cysts, DHAS values from cysts aspirated from the same breast on the same data were relatively comparable, but wide variations were frequently observed between cysts aspirated on different occasions from the same breast and between cysts from different breasts of the same patient, whether sampled simultaneously or sequentially. Such variability must complicate comparative studies among women.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Benign breast disease and cancer.

A study of 7000 women attending a diagnostic breast clinic and the Breast Screening Clinic in Edinburgh has failed to show a significant relationship between the occurrence of previous symptomatic breast disease and a risk of cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Restricted expression of a human T cell lineage membrane antigen.

An antiserum raised against human fetal and childhood thymocytes (anti-Thy) and absorbed with peripheral lymphocytes (tonsil) detected an antigen(s) shared by thymocytes, T cell-acute leukemias, activated peripheral T cells and a subset of peripheral T cells. The antigen was expressed by the negative circulating T cell subset after mitogen activation of that separated population. The antigen was shown to be separate from the E rosette receptor, another anti-T cell serum detected antigen, and beta 2-microglobulin; its expression was not related to a particular phase of the cell cycle. The results suggest that the antigen is expressed by T cells only under certain maturational and proliferative conditions.

Absorption↗
PubMed1980

The search for occult metastases in breast cancer: does it add to established staging methods?

In 1974 a project was initiated in which patients with apparently operable breast carcinoma underwent special investigations in an attempt to identify occult metastasis in bone and liver. One hundred and seventy-two patients have been followed for two years or more and their axillary node histological findings reviewed. From analysis of these patients the following conclusions may be drawn. Careful clinical assessment, especially measurement of the primary tumour and palpation of the axillary nodes, remains a fundamental guide to the likelihood of early recurrence. Histological confirmation of node metastases is as valuable as clinical assessment, but is not superior unless other features of node histology are considered. Micrometastases do not increase the probability of early recurrence except in comparison with a group whose nodes lack both metastases and other unfavourable features. The majority of special investigations do not have additional predictive value, though a bone scan is useful in the small number (less than 10%) in whom it is positive.

Axilla↗
PubMed1980

Preoperative assessment and staging of breast cancer: preliminary communication.

A prospective study has been carried out in 172 women to determine the sensitivity of methods to detect occult metastatic disease in the skeleton and liver. With the exception of bone scintiscans, the results of these tests bore little relationship to recurrence rates. On the other hand, knowledge of the histopathology of the lower axillary (pectoral) lymph nodes is of value in this respect.A follow-up study is also reported which confirms the importance of accurate measurements of the primary tumour clinical node status and oestrogen receptor contact of the tumour in defining prognostic groups. Elastosis (estimated in 165 tumours) did not prove to be a useful prognostic index.

Bone Neoplasms↗