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Biomedical subjects

M M Pavletic

Publications and source records attributed to M M Pavletic.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Use of a caudal auricular axial pattern flap in cats.

A caudal auricular axial pattern flap was used in 3 cats to successfully reconstruct large cutaneous defects of the head that were a result of trauma or surgical excision of neoplasms. The technique was a convenient, practical, one-stage procedure for closure of the defects, and flaps up to 7.0 x 12.0 cm were developed. All flaps healed without complications. Anatomic landmarks and surgical guidelines for developing the flap were determined through anatomic dissections and angiographic studies of the cutaneous vasculature of the head and neck in feline cadavers. This report confirms findings of a previous study describing a platysma myocutaneous flap.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Partial scapulectomy for management of sarcomas in three dogs and two cats.

Three dogs and 2 cats were treated by partial scapulectomy for management of sarcomas of the proximal aspect of the scapula. Surgical margins were considered complete in all cases. In 3 animals, limb function was excellent for 8, 18, and 24 months, respectively, after surgery. Poor limb function persisted in 1 dog that developed local metastatic disease to the affected forelimb. One dog had good limb function for 3 months after surgery and underwent force-plate analysis, which determined a reduction in peak vertical force, decelerating force, and stride time for the affected limb, compared with that for the forelimb that was not subjected to surgery. Tumor recurrence associated with fibrosarcomas was detected in 2 animals. In selected cases, partial scapulectomy can preserve limb function and may be considered a viable alternative to limb amputation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Comparative viability of peninsular and island axial pattern flaps incorporating the cranial superficial epigastric artery in dogs.

Experimental island and peninsular axial pattern flaps that incorporated the cranial superficial epigastric artery and vein were developed in 6 Beagles. Mean percentage of flap area that survived, for both flaps, was 87%, and percentage of surviving flap area was not significantly different for island versus peninsular flaps. In 1 dog, ligation of an aberrant, perforating branch of the cranial epigastric artery resulted in necrosis of 53% of the flap area. The cranial superficial epigastric axial pattern flaps have potential application for closure of skin defects within their arc of rotation and may be particularly useful for closure of large defects on the ventral aspect of the thorax. A peninsular flap was used to close a defect of the ventral portion of the thoracic wall in a clinical case.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Stapling instrumentation.

A number of surgical stapling instruments are on the market. The variety of instruments, stapling cartridges, and their potential veterinary uses are discussed. The basic principles of application and operation of these devices are emphasized.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1994

Stapling in esophageal surgery.

Indications for esophageal surgery include the closure of tears from foreign bodies and incisions for their removal, esophageal anastomosis after removal of diseased or nonfunctional segments, esophagogastric anastomosis after major gastric resection, removal of esophageal diverticula, resection of fistulas, and esophageal reconstructive surgical techniques. The potential use and application of surgical stapling instruments for these esophageal disorders in the veterinary patient are discussed.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1993

Chronic vaginal prolapse during pregnancy in a bitch.

A 4-year-old bitch was referred with chronic vaginal prolapse. It was first noticed during estrus, about 58 days prior to referral. Artificial insemination (AI) was performed twice after reducing the prolapse manually. Abdominal radiography (53 to 55 days after AI) was performed by the attending veterinarian and the bitch was determined to be not pregnant. Serum progesterone and estradiol concentrations were 1.38 ng/ml and 1.79 pg/ml, respectively. With the bitch under general anesthesia, the vaginal prolapse was partially reduced and a hysteropexy was performed. Six days after surgery, the bitch delivered a live male pup. It is recommended that bitches so affected should not be bred, and that those not required for breeding should be ovariectomized.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Use of human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation test to detect a retained testis in a cat.

A 4-year-old male cat was referred because of aggressive behavior and spraying urine. When the cat was 6 months old, only 1 testis was found in the scrotum. When the cat was 1 year old, the scrotal right testis was surgically removed and the left testis was not found, either within the scrotum or within the abdomen. The cat developed male behavior and another laparotomy was performed 1 year later, at which time the left testis could not be located. The cat continued to show male behavior. On referral, the penis was well developed and had spines. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), 500 IU, was administered IV. At baseline, 30, and 120 minutes after HCG administration, serum testosterone activity (ng/ml) was 0.68, 5.0, and 10.5, respectively. Laparotomy was performed with the cat under general anesthesia. The left testis was found in the facial plane lateral to the symphysis pubis. Six weeks after the surgery, the HCG stimulation test was repeated and testosterone was not detected in any serum sample. The most practical solution to locate the undescended testis would have been to follow the intact ductus deferens to the testis adjacent to the pubic symphysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Anatomy and circulation of the canine skin.

The skin of the dog has several anatomic differences from human skin. Skin thickness, hair growth, and circulation vary regionally in the dog and between breeds to some degree. Direct cutaneous arteries supply the canine skin. The deep or subdermal layer is closely associated with the panniculus muscle (where present) and should be elevated with the overlying skin during routine flap elevation or undermining procedures. Flaps in the dog elevated without inclusion of a direct cutaneous artery and vein have been termed subdermal plexus flaps to avoid confusing them with random flaps in the human based on musculocutaneous vessels. Axial pattern flaps developed for veterinary clinical use are discussed, several of which have potential for free flap transfer in cutaneous reconstructive surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Skin flaps in reconstructive surgery.

A skin flap (pedicle graft) is a partially detached segment of skin and subcutaneous tissue that includes a blood supply essential to its survival. As a result, skin flaps are capable of closing a variety of defects, including poorly vascularized wound beds that are incapable of maintaining free grafts. In many cases, skin flaps can bypass economically many of the potential problems associated with healing by second intention. This article presents an overview of pedicle grafts, with emphasis on the clinical use of local flap techniques.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Axial pattern flaps in small animal practice.

Axial pattern flaps are pedicle grafts that incorporate a direct cutaneous artery and vein in their base. Axial pattern flaps have better circulation compared with pedicle grafts, whose circulation is derived from the subdermal plexus alone (subdermal plexus flaps). As a result, axial pattern flaps of considerable dimension have the potential for single-stage development and transfer to cover large cutaneous defects. Development and clinical application of the following axial pattern flaps is discussed in this article: the omocervical axial pattern flap, thoracodorsal axial pattern flap, brachial axial pattern flap, caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern. flap, deep circumflex iliac axial pattern flap (dorsal and ventral branches), and genicular axial pattern flap.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Introduction to myocutaneous and muscle flaps.

Myocutaneous and muscle flaps provide an added dimension to reconstructive surgery in small animals. Myocutaneous flaps composed of a muscle unit and the overlying skin can be utilized for skin wound closure, especially when the additional bulk of the transplanted muscle can be utilized for padding or closure of body cavities. Alternatively, muscle units alone can be employed for a variety of conditions, including closure of defects of the thorax and abdominal cavities and management of chronic bone infections. They also facilitate bone healing when delayed unions and nonunions occur. This article discusses the newer myocutaneous flaps and muscle flaps clinically applicable in small animal surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Reconstructive surgery of the lips and cheek.

There are a variety of defects of the lips, cheek, and nasal tissue in small animals that occur as a result of trauma, wide tumor excision, and congenital disorders. Fortunately, there is sufficient labial and buccal tissue available to close many of the moderate-sized defects encountered in practice by utilizing the basic closure techniques discussed in this article.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Mucocutaneous subdermal plexus flap from the lip for lower eyelid restoration in the dog.

A mucocutaneous subdermal plexus flap from the lip was transplanted into a defect created by removing the lower eyelid in 17 dogs. The grafts were evaluated from 10 days to 6 months later to assess their survivability, function, and cosmetic appearance. Histology was used in selected cases to examine changes in the grafted tissue. In addition, electromyograms were obtained for 2 grafts at 2 weeks and for 2 grafts at 24 weeks to assess reinnervation of transplanted segments of the orbicularis oris and buccinator muscles. Minor necrosis of the outer flap margin occurred in 4 dogs, but healing by second intention was satisfactory. Results from the histologic and electromyographic analyses suggested reinnervation of the orbicularis oris and buccinator muscle segments occurred from portions of the auriculopalpebral nerve in 2 grafts. The cosmetic and functional results in this procedure were satisfactory. It was concluded that the lip flap is a suitable substitute for the lower eyelid in the dog and can be effectively used for single-stage replacement of major lower eyelid losses, but that an elective second-stage procedure can be done to improve the cosmetic results in selected cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Canine axial pattern flaps, using the omocervical, thoracodorsal, and deep circumflex iliac direct cutaneous arteries.

Development of skin flaps, incorporating a direct cutaneous artery and vein, enable the developing of flaps of considerable dimension without the necessity of a delay procedure. Landmarks and guidelines for the development of axial pattern flaps are demonstrated, using the cervical cutaneous branch of the omocervical artery and vein, the thoracodorsal artery and vein, and the deep circumflex iliac artery and vein. These 3 axial pattern flaps have potential use for the rapid, safe restoration of extensive cutaneous defects involving the facial area, pinna, neck, shoulder, forelimb, axillary area, thorax, inguinal area, lateral thigh, and trochanteric areas in the dog.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Axial pattern flap based on the genicular branch of the saphenous artery in the dog.

Axial pattern flaps based upon the genicular branch of the saphenous artery and medial saphenous vein were developed in eight dogs. On one hind limb of each dog, the experimental flap was raised and immediately transferred to a cutaneous defect created over the lateral aspect of the lower limb distal to the stifle. A control flap was elevated and transferred on the opposite hind limb with the genicular branches of the saphenous artery and vein ligated and divided at the base of the flap. Eighty-nine per cent of the length of the flap survived in those flaps in which the genicular vessels were left intact, whereas only 54% of the flap's length survived in the control flaps. Postoperatively, all dogs were bearing weight on the limbs normally. The genicular axial pattern flap may have special clinical application in cases of cutaneous defects involving the lateral aspect of the tibia.

Animals↗