Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M M Newman

Publications and source records attributed to M M Newman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Relationship of bone density to estradiol and cortisol in anorexia nervosa and bulimia.

Dual photon absorptiometry was used to assess the risk of developing osteoporosis in patients with anorexia nervosa and patients of normal weight with bulimia nervosa. Anorectic patients had significantly lower vertebral bone mineral densities compared with healthy controls. Bulimic patients had values similar to those of controls, and the differences between bulimics and anorectics narrowly missed significance. No significant difference was found between patient groups in measurements of serum estradiol, but anorectics, compared with bulimics, had significantly higher values of 24-hour urinary free cortisol. Hypercortisolemia, by diminishing bone formation and increasing bone resorption, is likely to contribute to the development of osteoporosis in patients with eating disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cost-effectiveness of defibrillation by emergency medical technicians.

Effective emergency systems using emergency medical technicians (EMTs) trained to defibrillate or paramedics can save more lives from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation than can emergency systems staffed with basic EMTs who cannot defibrillate. This article focuses on the cost-effectiveness of systems staffed with each type of EMT. Data were collected from all 50 states and from the District of Columbia to determine the number of hours and estimated cost of initial training for the three types of EMTs in the United States in 1986. The median initial training hours for basic EMTs, EMTs trained in defibrillation, and paramedics were 110, 129, and 700, respectively. Median costs for initial training at each EMT level were +123, +150, and +1580/student. According to published survival data for emergency medical systems staffed with EMTs at each level, the total initial training personnel and equipment cost per life saved from ventricular fibrillation was +7687, +2126, and +2289 for systems staffed by the respective EMTs. The initial cost per life saved from ventricular fibrillation is more than three times greater in systems staffed by basic EMTs than in systems staffed by EMTs trained in defibrillation or paramedics. From a medical and a cost-effective standpoint, all communities served by basic EMTs should consider upgrading them to at least the defibrillation-trained EMT level.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1988

The endocrinology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Considerable evidence exists of hypothalamic dysfunction in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. This dysfunction is reflected in disturbances of endocrine function including abnormalities of gonadotropin, growth hormone, and corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion. Whereas these disturbances are generally reversed with nutritional rehabilitation and weight restoration, it is not evident to what extent nutritional factors are the primary etiology or whether they unmask an otherwise existing but compensated central disturbance. Similarly, endocrine disturbances may be a final common pathway in which disturbances of diet, weight, activity, stress, and mood as well as hypothalamic dysfunction are expressed.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1988

The endocrinology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Considerable evidence exists of hypothalamic dysfunction in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. This dysfunction is reflected in disturbances of endocrine function including abnormalities of gonadotropin, growth hormone, and corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion. Whereas these disturbances are generally reversed with nutritional rehabilitation and weight restoration, it is not evident to what extent nutritional factors are the primary etiology or whether they unmask an otherwise existing but compensated central disturbance. Similarly, endocrine disturbances may be a final common pathway in which disturbances of diet, weight, activity, stress, and mood as well as hypothalamic dysfunction are expressed.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed1987

Relationship of clinical factors to caloric requirements in subtypes of eating disorders.

Caloric requirements for weight gain in subgroups of anorectic patients (anorectic restrictors, anorectic binge-purgers) and weight maintenance in subgroups of anorectic and bulimic patients (bulimics with and without a prior history of anorexia nervosa) were studied in a total of 36 patients. No significant differences were found between subgroups of anorectic patients either in calories to gain weight or to maintain a normal weight. Bulimic patients, as a group, were found to require significantly fewer [corrected] calories than the group of anorectic patients to maintain a normal weight. Bulimic patients with a prior history of anorexia nervosa were found to require more calories for weight maintenance than bulimics with no such prior history. In the entire eating disorder population, there was a significant negative correlation between highest premorbid body mass index (BMI) and calories required to maintain weight. These findings suggest that differences in energy metabolism may be present in the eating disorder subgroups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary edema, and decreased pulmonary compliance produced by increased ICP in cats.

Cats, anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, were cannulated to measure pulmonary, systemic, and left atrial pressures and pulmonary ventilation, compliance, and resistance. Intracranial pressure was elevated to 30 mm Hg by injecting silicone oil into the extradural space. After an average time of 56 minutes, pulmonary systolic and diastolic pressures more than doubled, systemic systolic pressure sometimes rose and sometimes fell, and diastolic pressure rose 5%. Left atrial pressure never exceeded 8 cm of saline. Pulmonary compliance decreased by one-half, but airway resistance was unchanged. Pulmonary edema was estimated from histological sections. The pulmonary hypertension may be the result of a sympathetic discharge confined to the lung, since no remarkable changes in heart rate or systemic blood pressure occurred. The decrease in pulmonary compliance followed the rise in pulmonary arterial pressure, and is interpreted as the result of interstitial edema. There was no evidence that left heart failure or elevated left atrial pressure caused the pulmonary edema.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Pyloric exclusion in the management of complicated duodenal and pancreatic disease.

Pyloric exclusion with gastrojejunostomy has been shown to be an effective adjuvant in the treatment of severe duodenal and pancreatic trauma. The authors have successfully applied this technique to the treatment of two patients with complicated pancreatic pseudocysts drained by cyst duodenostomy. A third patient with malignant duodenocolic fistula was palliated with this modality but eventually succumbed to his advanced disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1969

Tracheostomy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatic actinomycosis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration. A case report.

A 43-year-old woman, a long-term intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) wearer with a history of Actinomyces organisms seen in cervicovaginal smears, developed hepatic actinomycosis 13 months after removal of the IUD. The liver involvement was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and the use of immunocytochemical techniques. Histopathologic examination of a right pelvic mass removed at surgical exploration revealed an Actinomyces tuboovarian abscess, the primary lesion in this case. The importance of cytologic detection of Actinomyces in cervicovaginal smears for the prevention of IUD-related pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is discussed, as is the usefulness of FNA cytology in the diagnosis of systemic actinomycosis.

Actinomycosis↗