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Biomedical subjects

M M Negm

Publications and source records attributed to M M Negm.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Intracanal use of a corticosteroid-antibiotic compound for the management of posttreatment endodontic pain.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this randomized, double-blind study was to determine the effect of a corticosteroid-antibiotic combination when used as an intracanal medicament for the treatment of posttreatment pain in endodontically involved teeth with vital pulp-test readings. STUDY DESIGN: Out of 988 patients, 480 experienced intratreatment pain. Endodontic treatment was completed in 3 visits. Patients who experienced pain after the first or second visit (postextirpation or postinstrumentation) were given an emergency visit during which no local anesthetic was used. The patients randomly received either intracanal corticosteroid-antibiotic compound or a placebo. Patients subjectively rated their pain on a scale of 1 to 4 as none, mild, moderate, and severe. The ratings were done at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours postmedication. RESULTS: Intracanal use of the corticosteroid-antibiotic medication significantly reduced (P < .001) the mean pain score quite rapidly and was significantly superior to the placebo until the end of the study (P < .001). Furthermore, there were no reoccurrences of pain, and no side effects from use of the drug were noted. CONCLUSION: These results support the intracanal use of corticosteroid-antibiotic combination for controlling posttreatment endodontic pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Effect of intracanal use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents on posttreatment endodontic pain.

The ability of intracanal use of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents--diclofenac and ketoprofen--with and without hyaluronidase to control posttreatment pain was compared with that of a placebo control in a double-blind study of 760 subjects. The study was carried out on originally asymptomatic and symptomatic teeth that required endodontic therapy. Endodontic treatment was completed in three visits during which medications were placed into the canal either at the end of the first visit (postextirpation) or the second visit (postinstrumentation). Patients subjectively rated their pain on a scale of 1 to 4 as none, mild, moderate, and severe. The ratings were done preoperatively and at 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours postoperatively on the first day as well as on the second and third days. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that both diclofenac and ketoprofen significantly reduced the mean pain score in originally asymptomatic and symptomatic cases and were significantly superior to the placebo until the end of the study. Postendodontic pain occurred with less frequency when the teeth were treated with diclofenac, but diclofenac-treated and ketoprofen-treated cases were not significantly different at controlling postendodontic pain. An increase in the number of patients who reported complete absence of pain was recorded when hyaluronidase was added to the study medications. However, the difference between the medications and medications-hyaluronidase was not of statistical significance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Microleakage associated with retrofilling of the apical two thirds with amalgam.

In this investigation the effect of increasing the thickness of amalgam retrofilling on its sealing ability was studied and compared with the sealing ability of the laterally condensed gutta-percha with a sealer. The apical two thirds of the canals of 118 upper central incisors, filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha, were sealed with amalgam. Amalgam retrofills were also used to seal the apices of the roots of six teeth that had no other filling in their canals. The effectiveness of both techniques was determined by their ability to inhibit the penetration of methylene blue dye for the periods of 24 hours, 1 week, and 1, 3, and 6 months. At 24 hours both materials showed comparable sealing ability. However, the sealing ability of laterally condensed gutta-percha was significantly better than that of amalgam from the 1-week period until the end of the study. The depth of marginal penetration around both materials increased with time. The amount of the dye penetration increased acutely around amalgam, whereas its increase around gutta-percha was more uniform. At the end of the study, specimens retrofilled with amalgam exhibited total dye penetration that exceeded the full thickness of amalgam (6 mm) and spread into the root canal space. On the other hand, the mean value for marginal penetration of the dye around the laterally condensed gutta-percha was 2.6 mm at the end of the study. The present investigation proved beyond doubt that the use of any thickness of retrograde amalgam to seal the apex, with no other filling within the canal, invites failure.

Dental Amalgam↗
PubMed1990

The antibacterial effect of SPAD.

The antibacterial effect of SPAD, a root canal obturation paste containing paraformaldehyde, was examined and compared with that of calcium hydroxide apexification paste (Pulpdent). Both materials were either immediately placed in cultures containing streptococci group D, isolated from infected root canals, stored in an incubator for 3, 7 and 15 days before their testing, Evaluation of the antibacterial effect was carried out by measuring the diameter of bacterial inhibition zone after incubation of the materials in cultures, for 24, 48 and 27 hours. Wide inhibition zones formed around SPAD, denoting it's strong antibacterial effect, were recorded. This effect decreased with time as a result of the decrease in the amount of formaldehyde released from the hardened material into culture. On the contrary, calcium hydroxide was unable to cause inhibition of bacterial growth throughout the period of the study.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed1989

Management of endodontic pain with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

The ability of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents--piroxicam and diclofenac--to control endodontic pain was compared with that of a placebo control in a double-blind study of 267 patients requiring endodontic therapy. Endodontic treatment was carried out over three visits with an interval of 5 to 7 days between each two consecutive visits. All patients were clearly instructed to take the medication only if they experienced pain, between the visits or postoperatively, for 3 consecutive days. The patients subjectively rated their pain on a scale of 1 to 4 as none, mild, moderate, or severe. The ratings were done preoperatively and at 2, 4 and 8 hours after the initial dose of medication was taken, as well as on the second and third days. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that both piroxicam and diclofenac significantly reduced the mean pain score at the end of all observations and were significantly superior to the placebo until the end of the study. More than 90% of the patients treated with piroxicam and more than 80% of the patients treated with diclofenac showed complete relief of pain. Overall, piroxicam was clearly more effective than diclofenac or the placebo. It provided more consistent relief of pain, beginning 2 hours after the initial dose, and it continued to do so at every interval thereafter. Diclofenac required longer time to reach maximum effectiveness. Piroxicam's superiority was greater at the first and second days after the initial dose of medication was taken. With respect to side effects, piroxicam was better tolerated by the patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The effect of human blood on the sealing ability of root canal sealers: an in vitro study.

The effect of human blood and moisture contamination on the sealing ability of six commonly used root canal sealers was studied. The materials tested--Tubliseal, Diaket, AH26, Nogenol, Roth, and Endomethasone sealers--were placed in root canals with laterally condensed gutta-percha. The specimens were immediately immersed in blood or saline solution or kept dry for 2 hours. All the teeth were then subjected to methylene blue dye for 1 hour. A comparison of the seal was made by observation of dye penetration around the filling materials. Under all conditions, Tubliseal exhibited the least amount of marginal penetration, followed by AH 26. There was no significant difference in the depth of dye penetration between Diaket and Tubliseal in dry and wet conditions. Although AH 26, Nogenol, Roth, and Endomethasone sealers showed comparable sealing ability under dry conditions, the sealing ability of AH 26 and Diaket was superior to that of Nogenol, Roth, and Endomethasone sealers in moisture contamination. A significant drop in the seals afforded by AH26, Diaket, Roth, and Endomethasone sealers was recorded when these materials were immersed in blood. On the other hand, immersion in blood caused no significant change in the sealing ability of Nogenol.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1988

The effect of varnish and pit and fissure sealants on the sealing capacity of retrofilling techniques.

Freshly extracted teeth with single canals were instrumented and filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha and sealer. After obturation, the tooth apices were treated with various retrograde techniques. The sealing ability of these techniques, namely laterally condensed gutta-percha, heat-sealed gutta-percha, and silver amalgam retrofilling, was compared on the basis of dye penetration. The apical foramen of the treated canals was then coated with different sealing materials--HelioSeal (light-activated sealant), Delton pit and fissure sealant (chemically activated sealant), and varnish--to examine their effect on the leakage resistance of these materials. Statistical analysis indicated that laterally condensed gutta-percha, as well as retrograde amalgam filling, produced a statistically significantly better seal than heat-sealed gutta-percha. Coating of the apical foramen with different sealing materials showed that HelioSeal had significantly improved the sealing capacity of all the materials tested at each time period. Delton pit and fissure sealant did not increase the sealing ability in the first week. However, this material has significantly improved the sealing ability after the first week. On the other hand, sealing of the apical foramen with varnish did not produce any significant change in the sealing capacity of the filling materials. Finally, dye penetration around all the filling and retrofilling materials, in the presence or absence of the apical seal, continued and increased with time. However, root canals sealed with Helioseal consistently showed the least amount of apical leakage of all the canals tested.

Apicoectomy↗
PubMed1987

Biologic evaluation of SPAD. I. A comparison between the tissue reactions to SPAD, Gelfoam, and silver amalgam.

The biologic properties of Traitement SPAD, a material suggested for filling root canals and the periapical region in cases of periapical involvement, were tested and compared with those of Gelfoam and silver amalgam. Empty polyethylene tubes were used as a negative control. The reactions of the subcutaneous tissues of rats to the test and to the control materials are reported. The initial tissue reaction to SPAD was very mild. However, this reaction increased with time to become moderate and persisted throughout the period of the study with no signs of absorption of the material. The inflammatory response to Gelfoam was initially greater. However, it decreased with time and the material was removed by the macrophages with subsequent reduction in the size of the surgical gap. The greatest inflammatory reaction was recorded after the use of silver amalgam, with the formation of capsules around the specimens, indicating that the material was extremely irritant before it had set. The longer the silver amalgam remained in situ, the milder the tissue reaction became.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Biologic evaluation of SPAD. II. A clinical comparison of Traitement SPAD with the conventional root canal filling technique.

Traitement SPAD is a new root canal filling material that is advertised as an efficient universal paste recommended for the treatment of all kinds of teeth in one visit. Pushing the paste beyond the apex is highly recommended by the manufacturer for the treatment of periapical lesions and to aid in rapid regeneration of the tissues. A clinical study was conducted to determine the response to this material and to compare it with the response to laterally condensed gutta-percha. SPAD was intentionally forced beyond the apex in some of the patients to evaluate its effect on periapical lesions and on the surrounding tissues. In the majority of patients, the periapical tissues were unable to absorb the excess material, which caused persistent pain and swelling and had to be removed surgically. After removal of the extruded material, which had set into a hard mass with rough surface texture, healing followed a normal course. The use of SPAD and the laterally condensed gutta-percha for filling root canals to their apical constriction provided equally high percentages of success.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Clinical evaluation of a new method for determining tooth length without radiographs.

A new instrument (the Apexfinder) for measuring tooth length was recently introduced for use in endodontics. The procedure of measuring tooth length with this instrument was found to be simple and easy. It also eliminated the need for radiographs, with their problems. One hundred forty-two teeth were used to compare the new method with two different methods, widely used in endodontics, that employ radiographs. The investigation showed that the new technique offers a direct method for measuring the distance between the coronal and apical ends of the tooth. Statistical analysis of the data indicated that the new method was superior to the others. The Apexfinder was accurate in 90 percent of the cases. When radiographs were used, the results were accurate in 75 percent of the cases, while the use of the radiograph and the tooth-length formula gave 60.4 percent accuracy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

An instrument for measuring root canal length and apex location. A rapid technique.

The invention of a new instrument (the Apexfinder) for measuring the root length and apex location is reported. This instrument is an accurate and reliable tool for the apex determination. The application method is based on the insertion of a plastic, fine-tapered barbed shaft through a beveled tube into the root canal. When resistance to withdrawal is felt, which indicates that one of the barbs has engaged the apical margin, the shaft is marked at the level of the cusp tip. The distance between the mark and the barbs which caused the resistance is measured. These barbs will show apical inclination, which would be opposite to the direction of the rest of the barbs. The practitioner can rely on this technique in the majority of cases provided that a full range of plastic shafts, with different dimensions, is available for use with the outer tube.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMed1982

An evaluation of mechanical and adhesive properties of polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements.

Mechanical and adhesive properties of polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements were studied. Water had an adverse effect on the compressive and tensile strengths of both materials. Both cements showed good bonding to enamel and dentine. Bonds between polycarboxylate cement and sterling silver were strong enough to cause cohesive failure of the cement rather than adhesive failure, when the specimens were tested. Surface cleaning and conditioning with 5% sodium hypochlorite solution showed an improvement in the bonds of the cements to dentine and they were significantly stronger than the bonds formed after the use of 50% citric acid solution (ASPA conditioner.)

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1981

Factors affecting the adhesion of polycarboxylate cement to enamel and dentin.

The adhesive bond strength of polycarboxylate cement with enamel and dentin and the factors affecting the adhesion of the cement to both structure were studied. A thick cement film reduced the tensile and shear bond strengths of the cement. Although surface roughness reduced the tensile bond strength of the cement, it significantly increased the shear bond strength. The application of the cement under pressure increased its shear bond strength. Surface treatment with 4% sodium fluoride solution for 5 minutes, 4% stannous fluoride solution for 2 minutes, and a 10% suspension of calcium hydroxide for 5 minutes significantly increased the shear bond strength of the cement with dentin.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1981

Reaction of the exposed pulps to new cements containing calcium hydroxide.

The biologic properties of three newly developed cements containing calcium hydroxide were evaluated and compared with those of polycarboxylate cement and Dycal by application of the cements in direct contact with rat pulps. The newly developed cements were biologically acceptable and induced pulpal healing by formation of secondary dentin. Dycal elicited mild pulp inflammation, followed by slow dentin formation. Although polycarboxylate cement induced a very mild pulpal reaction, healing took place via the formation of thin irregular, poorly formed dentin bridges over a long period.

Acrylic Resins↗