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Biomedical subjects

M M Mitchell

Publications and source records attributed to M M Mitchell.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Use of taxonomies to sequence clinical objectives.

This paper describes the use of four educational taxonomies in establishing a task grid for guiding and determining sequential learning opportunities and activities for the developmentally delayed child and for treatment planning for team members working with the child. It describes a three-dimensional grid that includes learners, areas of learning, and levels of learning. To clarify the use of this model, the grid has been applied to feeding intervention with the delayed child. Use of the task grid suggests three factors are needed in intervention with the developmentally delayed child: 1. objectives should be stated for all domains of learning since learning occurs concurrently in different areas; 2. activities should be sequenced not only for the child but also for all those directly involved with the child, since all are involved in the learning process; and 3. analytical behavior should be stimulated in the therapist so that theory-based practice can be realized.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Effectiveness of recruitment and information techniques in occupational therapy.

A national survey was conducted to determine how occupational therapists became interested in the field. Results from the study demonstrated that personal contact was the most effective technique for creating an interest in occupational therapy. However, books, magazines, aide and volunteer jobs, guidance counselors, and career days were adjuncts to the recruitment process. This study provides data concerning previous productive means that have been used in recruitment and suggests specific actions for future recruitment.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1979

Intrathoracic electrical impedance measurements from an esophageal probe.

The sensing of intrathoracic electrical impedance from an esophageal probe may allow relatively noninvasive monitoring of cardiac and respiratory functions of particular interest in anesthesia and intensive care. We have obtained a partial solution of the intrathoracic current-field problem for impedance measurements made from a four-terminal linear array of electrodes located in the esophagus. It allows prediction that aortic root motion will exceed aortic distension as a major determinant of the cardiac intrathoracic esophageal impedance signal. This prediction was confirmed for a specific carefully selected and placed electrode array in anesthetized dogs. In general, motions of organs will be more important than volume changes in affecting the esophageal impedance signal. Thus, timing information (preejection period and left ventricular ejection time) is available from electrodes on an esophageal probe, but cardiac output information appears to be inaccessible for fundamental reasons.

Cardiography, Impedance↗
PubMed1979

A model for establishing occupational therapy and physical therapy services in the public schools.

One procedure for the establishment of therapists in public schools and on management and administration teams in the State Department of Public Instruction, Division for Exceptional Children is discussed. A significant aspect of the procedure is a model for a working relationship between the Division for Exceptional Children and the Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy Divisions in the Department of Medical Allied Health Professions in a School of Medicine.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Conservation of illusion-distorted identity tasks.

Four conservation of illusion-distorted identity tasks were presented to 10 boys ranging in chronological age (CA) from 5-5 to 12, and in mental age (MA) from 3-5 to 10-2, to document individual differences among children with delayed development in acquisition of conservation skills.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Analysis of the Development Test of Visual Perception and the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test.

To identify children with learning problems and to compare test results, 28 kindergarten children were tested with the Developmental Test of Visual Perception and the Motor-free Visual Perception Test. The tests identified some children already noted by the teacher to exhibit characteristics of learning difficulty, failed to confirm the teacher's judment in others, and identified some children with previously undetected difficulties. Basic differences in the two tests are reported.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Testing as a component of continuing education programs: evaluation of conference presentations by this method.

As a means of evaluating the effect of each presentation at a national medical conference and of the meeting as a whole, the scheduled lecturers were asked to supply the testers with several questions that summarized the most important points of their talks. Audience participants at the meeting were given tests drawn from these questions--one test before the beginning of the meeting, and another at the end. The results were compared for the answers to each lecturer's 3-question group, and for the complete tests. All scores were better at the end than at the beginning of each lecture. A follow-up survey of the attitudes of participants showed a positive reaction to the use of such testing at future meetings.

Congresses as Topic↗
PubMed1977

The Student Response System. A 5-year Mayo Medical School Experience.

The Student Response System is a commercially available electronic communication system applicable to many teaching and testing situations. At rather short intervals during a programmed course, the instructor projects on a screen multiple-choice questions that the student should have learned to answer during one or two previous teaching steps. Correct and incorrect responses are indicated on a panel on the desk of the instructor. If students fail to give the correct answer, the teaching step is repeated. Recurrent incorrect answers indicate that explanations had been inappropriate or that test slides were poorly designed. Thus, the system allows the instructor to monitor his own performance. Students are kept alert and attention spans are prolonged; communication is increased and personal embarrassment is minimized. Only the instructor has access to the individual student's response. Most learning takes place in the classroom rather than during subsequent private study. This system is quite versatile and offers potential uses hitherto untested in medical education at all levels.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of a patient education program for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

An audiovisual instructional program for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was evaluated in 65 patients with this disease and 20 patients without lung disease. We found that the program was successful in increasing the factual knowledge about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with the attainment of mean scores of 88 and 95% on postteaching tests. Patients with varying educational backgrounds achieved similar gains in knowledge.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Recruitment in networks of pulmonary capillaries.

To improve our understanding of the pressure-flow characteristics of pulmonary capillaries, we analyzed by means of computer stimulation a theoretical model composed of 50 interconnected nonlinear elements. Each element required a critical pressure across it before flow occurred and there was a subsequent linear pressure-flow region whose slope, or resistance, could be related to the transmural pressure of the element ("distensibility"). The critical pressures and resistances of each element of the network were randomly chosen from distributions. We found that recruitment (i.e., onset of flow) occurred over a large range of network upstream or "arterial" pressures, and that relatively high arterial pressures were required before all elements had no distensibility. Intermittent and reverse flow were commonly seen in some elements as the arterial pressure was raised in steps. These flow reversals were particularly common when the critical pressures and resistances of the elements were inversely related. The critical pressures required for such behavior in the capillary segments of the pulmonary microcirculation were calculated to be extremely small, of the order of 0.02 cmH2O. Pressures of this magnitude might result from sticking of red cells to capillary walls or to each other. The properties of such a network may explain the patchiness of flow in the pulmonary microcirculation and the large range of arterial pressures over which recruitment is observed to occur.

Blood Pressure↗