Anticancer drug testing in vitro: use of an activating system with the human tumor stem cell assay.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
M M Lieber
Publications and source records attributed to M M Lieber.
Renal surgery can "precipitate" stone disease in mild asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism.
We report on a patient in whom 3 large renal calculi formed within 12 weeks after pyeloplasty. Subsequently, a parathyroid adenoma was found. This report illustrates the need to evaluate thoroughly a patient with borderline elevation of serum calcium before renal surgery. Current research indicates that primary hyperparathyroidism is more prevalent than thought previously. A majority of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism have mild asymptomatic disease detected solely by routine serum chemistry screening tests.
Adenoma↗
Renal adenocarcinoma in young adults: survival and variables affecting prognosis.
Survival rates and various prognostic factors were studied in 89 patients between 20 and 40 years old who underwent nephrectomy for renal adenocarcinoma between 1950 and 1978. Although rare, renal carcinoma in young adults seems to follow a course similar to the disease seen in older patients. Among 18 suspected prognostic factors 2 are strongly and independently associated with survival. These are the pathologic stage of the tumor and preoperative weight loss. Several other prognostic variables show a statistically significant association with survival. These include the presence of preoperative fever, duration of symptoms, tumor cell type, microhematuria on admission to the hospital, tumor grade and sex. However, advanced statistical techniques demonstrate that the association of these variables with survival can be accounted for mostly by their close correlation with the stage of the tumor. Certain variables show no prognostic significance. These included the diameter of the tumor, age of the patient, presence or absence of gross hematuria, flank pain, palpable mass, arterial hypertension, sedimentation rate and side or site of the tumor.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Renal oncocytoma.
Review of the Mayo Clinic tissue registry for the years 1950 to 1979 identified 90 cases of pure, well differentiated eosinophilic granular cell renal tumors. The clinical, laboratory, pathologic and survival features of these patients were analyzed. Fifty-nine per cent of these tumors were discovered incidentally during an examination for other problems and 91 per cent were confined within the renal capsule, with no evidence of local invasion. Sixty-two patients had grade 1 and 28 had graded 2 tumors. None of the patients with grade 1 tumors developed metastases. Four of the patients with grade 2 tumors died of metastatic disease. Survival curves show no difference in survival between patients with these renal tumors, and an age and sex matched cohort. If the term renal oncocytoma is used to signify a very well differentiated (grade 1) eosinophilic granular cell renal parenchymal tumor then this study demonstrates that renal oncocytomas are non-aggressive tumors with a highly favorable prognosis.
Adenoma↗
Soft agar clonogenic assay for primary human renal carcinoma: in vitro chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity testing.
Dispersed tumor cells from primary human renal adenocarcinomas showed typical clonogenic growth in soft agar in seven of 31 instances. In vitro chemotherapy sensitivity testing was performed successfully for five of the seven clonogenic tumors. Extensive inherent resistance to the cytotoxic effects of many standard and experimental chemotherapeutic agents were observed. Occasionally, a single drug showed marked cytotoxicity. Similar results were obtained with soft agar clonogenic chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity assays performed on cells from human renal carcinoma xenografts. These in vitro results agree with clinical experience in the chemotherapy of advanced renal carcinoma. It remains to be determined if the sensitivity or resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs of human renal carcinomas noted in vitro reflects the characteristics of the tumors in vivo. Our results show that it is feasible to evaluate the soft agar assay as a method for selecting drugs for individual patients with renal carcinoma, a disease for which no chemotherapeutic treatment can be recommended at present.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Partial nephrectomy: Mayo Clinic experience 1957--1977.
Three hundred and six partial nephrectomies were performed at Mayo Clinic between 1957 and 1977. Operative and postoperative risks were analyzed according to the indication for surgery, type of partial nephrectomy performed, and other factors. The results demonstrate that partial nephrectomy performed by modern techniques is safe, with acceptable operative time, operative blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay. Complications encountered also were investigated. One death occurred, 8 delayed nephrectomies were required, in 2 patients delayed renal hemorrhage developed, 10 had urinary fistulas or urinomas, and in 16 patients wound infections developed. Study of the techniques used in those cases with postoperative complications suggests several approaches to reduce still further the morbidity of partial nephrectomy.
Adolescent↗
In vitro propagation of seminal vesicle epithelial cells.
The unique anatomic features of the guinea pig seminal vesicle allow establishment of nearly pure cultures of epithelial cells in vitro. Primary monolayer cultures can be maintained for up to 5 weeks and suspension cultures for 5 to 7 days. The rapidly proliferating cells in monolayer culture do not seem to be markedly sensitive to the presence of androgens or estrogens in the medium. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy indicates that the proliferating cells are epithelial in nature and are quite different from control seminal vesicle fibroblast cultures; transmission electron microscopy shows that these cells are markedly dedifferentiated vis-à-vis the native tissue in vivo. This is the first report of the successful cultivation of seminal vesicle epithelial cells in vitro.
Animals↗
Ultrastructural and biochemical studies of guinea pig seminal vesicle during postnatal development and after castration.
Final structural and biochemical probes were combined in a study of guinea pig seminal vesicle epithelium. Tissues from intact neonatal, juvenile, and adult, and castrated adult animals were examined using transmission electron microscopy. Thin sections revealed a general increase in secretory activity during normal development which steadily declined during the 90 days after castration. The ultrastructure of the epithelium from the long-term castrate differed significantly from that of the prepubertal intact animal. Protein content of the seminal vesicle epithelium and epithelial cell number decreased dramatically after castration. Other findings are presented which also indicate that the seminal vesicle epithelial cell of the juvenile animal is different from that of the long-term castrated adult.
Animals↗
Renal carcinoma: computer analysis of 96 patients treated by nephrectomy.
We submitted to computer analysis 109 items of pathologic, clinical and survival data from 96 patients with renal carcinoma treated by nephrectomy with or without adjuvant therapy between 1956 and 1976. The combined 1, 5 and 10-year calculated survival rates for potentially curable non-metastatic renal carcinoma (stages I, II and III, provided the regional lymph nodes were not involved) were 95, 61 and 47 per cent, respectively, compared to 1, 5 and 10-year survival rates of 61, 5 and 0 per cent, respectively, for stage IV tumors. The cytoplasmic appearance (clear or granular) was not a significant microscopic feature relevant to survival of the patient but the grade of the tumor was predictive of the outcome of disease. Other features of renal carcinoma, particularly invasion of the renal vein and, to a lesser degree, perinephric fat, were not as prognostically significant in this series. In this retrospective study we further analyze the clinical, radiologic, pathologic and survival data of this group of patients.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Ultrastructural surface alterations of guinea pig seminal vesicle epithelium during postnatal development and after castration.
We have designed a topographic anatomic study using scanning electron microscopy to define surface changes in seminal vesicle epithelium during normal development and after bilateral orchiectomy. Scanning electron microscopy of seminal vesicles from 1-day, 4-week, and 3-month-old intact animals revealed a microvilli-studded luminal epithelial surface with high polyhedral cell profiles extending into the luminal area. Deep furrows outlined all intercellular junctions. Microvilli profiles ranged from short knob-like projections located preferentially along cell margins in 1-day-old animals to 1 mu-long microvilli wih random distribution in mature animals. The most striking finding was that the seminal vesicle epithelium in castrated animals did not revert to the prepubertal state. Rather, cell apices receded from the luminal surface to a level below that of the cell borders and microvilli generally remained somewhat longer in the castrate than in the prepubertal animal. These morphologic findings suggest that the seminal vesicle epithelium in the prepubertal animal and the long-term castrate are quite different.
Animals↗
High grade invasive ureteral transitional cell carcinoma with a congenital solitary kidney: long-term survival after ureterectomy and radiation therapy.
The circumstances surrounding the treatment of a primary high grade invasive transitional cell carcinoma occurring in the ureter of a solitary kidney indicate that the combination of surgery and radiation therapy occasionally may be markedly effective for controlling this generally lethal disease.
Aged↗
Innominate bone and renal masses in a young man.
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Adenocarcinoma↗
Non-metastatic hepatic dysfunction associated with renal carcinoma.
A retrospective computer analysis of 102 patients treated for renal tubular carcinoma revealed 7 patients who presented with non-metastatic hepatic dysfunction. Of these 7 patients 5 also had the triad of fever, weight loss and fatigue. Only 1 patient survived more than 10 years after nephrectomy. A review of the literature on non-metastatic hepatic dysfunction revealed a significant interval between onset of symptoms and detection of the underlying renal malignancy, as well as a poor over-all survival rate if the syndrome persisted after nephrectomy.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Bovine leukemia virus genes in the DNA of leukemic cattle.
Reverse transcripts of the rna genome of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) as well as 125I-labeled BLV RNA hybridize to the DNA of tissues from leukemic cattle with the adult form of the disease but not to bovine thymic lymphoma or normal bovine tissues.
Animals↗
The genetic instability and mutagenic interaction of chromosomal duplications present together in haploid strains of Aspergillus nidulans.
Previous work has shown that strains of Aspergillus nidulans with a chromosome segment in duplicate (one in normal position, one translocated to another chromosome) are unstable. Deletions occur from either duplicate segment. The present work has shown that when a chromosome I duplication and a chromosome III duplication are together in a haploid, deletions from the intact III duplication generally precede deletions from particular sections of the I duplication. Furthermore, the III duplication can enhance to some (but not major) extent the frequency of deletions from the I duplication. After the III duplication becomes reduced in size as a result of the loss of chromosomal material from the translocated duplicate III segment, such a reduced III duplication can greatly enhance the frequency of deletions from the I duplication. In other words, a III duplication of reduced size can promote far more deletions from the I duplication than the intact III duplication. The major increase in the deletional instability of the I duplication as promoted by the reduced III duplication is confined to the translocated duplicate I segment. The reduced III duplication can induce deletions from a section of the translocated duplicate I segment in accord with a temporal programme, and it appears that a particular region of the I duplication is far more under the mutagenic influence of the reduced III duplication than another region. Moreover, there is indication that there is a differential effect of two generally different genetic backgrounds on the susceptibility of duplication-regions to deletion. Possible mechanisms involved in such chromosomal instability are proposed. A manner in which genetic instability may be related to development is also proposed.
Aspergillus nidulans↗
The effects of temperature on genetic instability in Aspergillus nidulans.
Previous work has shown that strains of Aspergillus nidulans with a chromosome segment in duplicate (one in normal position, one translocated to another chromosome) are unstable. Deletions occur from either duplicate segment. The present work has shown that most deletions occur from the translocated duplicate segment. Furthermore, it has been found that the overall frequency of deletions from a duplication is dependent upon the temperature of growth. The overall frequency of deletions from a chromosome III duplication is greatly enhanced by low temperatures, while the overall frequency of deletions from a chromosome I duplication is markedly enhanced by high temperatures. A temperature of 39.5 degrees C appears to enhance to overall frequency of deletions from the I duplication to the greatest extent. With regard to the non-translocated duplicate I segment, an increase in temperature progressively enhances the frequency of those deletions to which it is subject to far more deletions during a particular period of growth than during any other period, and at 42 degrees C, a section of the III duplication is subject to far more deletions during a given period of growth than during any other period. Comparisons with other cases of genetic instability are made and common underlying connections are proposed.
Aneuploidy↗
Type C viruses from Kirsten sarcoma-transformed mink cells co-cultivated with primate cells and expressing p30 antigens related to feline leukemia virus.
Two type C viruses with new antigenic and biological properties were isolated by co-cultivating secondary cell strains established from the kidneys of a baboon (Papio papio) and a patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) with mink cells non-productively transformed by Kirsten sarcoma virus. Both new isolates (designated PP-1R and EP-1R) contain major structural proteins (p30) that are immunologically most closely related to the p30 proteins of feline leukemia viruses. The reverse transcriptases of both viruses, although antigenically related to polymerases of murine and rat type C viruses, are distinct from those of previously described type C viral groups. Both PP-1R and EP-1R can be transmitted to canine and feline cells and to sarcoma virus-transformed, but not normal, mink cells. Both viruses contain RNA genomes partially homologous to those of endogenous mouse and rat type C viruses and the Kirsten sarcoma virus. In addition, the RNA of PP-1R contains a portion of the nucleic acid sequences found in a type C virus isolated from the baboon species P. papio. We propose that both new isolates are genetic recombinants formed between endogenous primate type C viral genomes and sequences found in Kirsten sarcoma-transformed mink cells.
Animals↗
Isolation of a type C virus (FS-1) from the European Wildcat (Felis sylvestris).
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Animals↗