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Biomedical subjects

M M Lee

Publications and source records attributed to M M Lee.

204 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
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Association of abnormal nipple aspirate cytology and mammographic pattern and density.

The pattern and density of mammograms have been shown to be associated with proliferative histopathology and an increased risk of breast cancer. We recently found that epithelial atypia in nipple aspirate fluid obtained 10-18 years earlier was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. In the present study we examined the association between the cytology of nipple aspirate fluid and mammographic patterns in 588 volunteers recruited from the mammography clinic at the University of California. Nipple aspirate fluid cytology was classified according to the most severe epithelial change present and mammograms were classified by the Wolfe method and the percentage area of density. A direct relationship was found between mammographic density and cytological abnormality. When controlled for age, body mass index, previous biopsy, and calcification, the odds ratios of high density mammograms (over 50%) with nipple aspirate fluid cytological atypia was 4.4 (95% confidence interval, 0.9-21.5; P = 0.08) when normal cytology was the referent. These preliminary findings indicate that highly dense mammograms are associated with cytological atypia and are consistent with studies reporting an association of histological hyperplasia and atypical hyperplasia with severe mammographic findings. If confirmed by further studies, nipple aspirate cytology may be a useful adjunct to mammographic patterns in the prediction of breast cancer risk, especially among premenopausal women.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gross cystic disease fluid protein in nipple aspirates of breast fluid of Asian and non-Asian women.

Gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15) is universally present in the apocrine metaplastic epithelium of cystic breast disease and breast cancer, but it is rarely found in normal breast epithelium. Therefore GCDFP-15 detected in nipple aspirates of breast fluid (NAF) could serve as a biochemical marker of the presence and possibly extent of apocrine metaplasia within the breast. GCDFP-15 levels were measured in NAF from 37 Asian and 78 non-Asian women using radioimmunoassay. GCDFP-15 (range, 0-81,643 micrograms/ml) was found in the NAF of all but 1 woman and was highly correlated between right and left breasts. Mean concentrations of GCDFP-15 were significantly lower in NAF from Asian compared with non-Asian women. Markedly reduced levels of GCDFP-15 were found in the 17 women who had been parous in the previous 2 years. In women not parous within the prior 2 years, no relationship was found between GCDFP-15 levels and age, weight, age at menarche, first-degree family history of breast cancer, parity, oral contraceptive use, or smoking history. High concentrations of GCDFP-15 were found in the NAF of women with a history of a benign breast biopsy. Because similarly high levels of GCDFP-15 were found in NAF in over 40% of women without a history of benign breast biopsy, and because GCDFP-15 in the breast is produced only by apocrine metaplastic epithelium, we infer that the breasts of these women likely contain a significant degree of apocrine metaplasia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Practical considerations in acquiring biological signals from confocal microscope. II. Laser-induced rise of fluorescence and effect of agonist droplet application.

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is extensively used in the study of cellular activities through monitoring the temporal and spatial changes of biologically active molecules such as cAMP and Ca2+ which have been rendered visible by fluorescent labels. During our work with fluo-3 and Ca2+, we noticed two potential sources of artifacts which can make interpretation of the experimental observations difficult. Firstly, the excitation laser light generates heat that enhances the conversion of residual non-fluorescent acetoxymethyl (AM)-esterified indicator to the fluorescent form, thus giving rise to erroneous signals. Secondly, addition of reagents onto the coverslips alters the position of the focal plane, again causing error. In this paper, we present the phenomena and suggest ways to control and eliminate false images.

Aniline Compounds↗