Biomedical subjects

M M Kyaw

Publications and source records attributed to M M Kyaw.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1996

Homocysteine modification of HLA antigens and its immunological consequences.

Homocysteine-treated cells can be specifically lysed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) identifiable in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and reactive arthritis. Sensitization of target cells involves disulfide bonding and the interaction between homocysteine and HLA antigens occurs in a pre-Golgi compartment in the cells. Salmonella-infected B cells are also lysed by homocysteine-specific CTL, suggesting that intracellular invading microorganisms may provide homocysteine which would gain access to the newly synthesized intracellular HLA molecules and modify them inside the cells. Two different mechanisms for homocysteine modification of HLA antigens are proposed: homocysteine could bind directly to the unpaired cysteine residues in HLA antigens, or it could bind indirectly to HLA antigens through cysteine-containing peptides bound to them. Thus, HLA antigens containing unpaired cysteine residues (e.g. HLA B27) could be modified by homocysteine directly or indirectly, while HLA antigens without unpaired cysteine residues (e.g. HLA A68) could only be modified indirectly. The results are discussed in relation to the potential involvement of homocysteine-specific CTL in ankylosing spondylitis and reactive arthritis, both of which are related to bacterial infections, associated with HLA B27, and considered to be autoimmune diseases.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

The abdominal angiographic spectrum of tuberous sclerosis.

Tuberous sclerosis can present with a variety of clinical, roentgenographic and pathological manifestations. Although we are not advocating abdominal angiography in every patient with tuberous sclerosis, the clinical diagnosis may be difficult in certain cases, particularly in the young patient, and abdominal visceral angiography may lead to the correct diagnosis. In two of our patients, infants ten months of age, the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis was not made until abdominal angiography had been performed. The most common changes are seen in the kidney where angiographic demonstration of hamartomas, arterial aneurysms, and multiple small cysts in the renal parenchyma are noted. Renal microcysts have not been previously described angiographically although they have been noted in pathological specimens and represent an important feature of the disorder spectrum. In addition, vascular hamartomatous lesions may be demonstrated angiographically in other abdominal organs such as the adrenal gland and liver.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1976

Congenital multicystic kidney.

By employing the three basic diagnostic modalities of uroradiology--intravenous urography, retrograde pyelography, angiography--an accurate radiological diagnosis can be made. Since congenital multicystic disease by definition is a nonfunctioning dysplastic kidney with an atretic or absent ureter and absent renal vasculature, these diagnostic methods are tailored precisely to demonstrate the specific characteristic functional and pathological features of congenital multicystic kidney disease. We find no function on intravenous urography, hypoplastic atretic ureter on retrograde pyelography, and an absent or hypoplastic renal artery indicated on angiography.

Adult↗

PubMed1975