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Biomedical subjects

M M Ka

Publications and source records attributed to M M Ka.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Pulmonary tuberculosis in adults: radiological aspects before starting treatment].

We studied chest radiological images in 69 patients with tuberculosis, 4 of them were affected by HIV-infection. The sex ratio was 2.63. We observed 177 abnormal pulmonary images associated in different ways. Bilateral and diffuse radiological signs were noted. Tubercular cavern was the most frequent image (92.90%). It corresponded to a clear circular and oval image surrounded with a regular wall. It can locate in lesional source or healthy parenchyme. Caverns size was situated between 10 to 80 mm. The reticular and nodular infiltration (69%) as indicated associated linear and micro-nodular images. Lobar pneumoniae (44.90%) and segmental pneumoniae (4.30%) corresponded to alveolar lesions showing an opaque and homogeneous tonality image limited by seizures. They were retractile (P = 0.015). Principal mediastinal signs were relative to the presence of adenopathies (11.6%) associated with pleuropulmonary images. Four patients (5.79%) presented tuberculosis association with positive HIV serology. These patients did not present any radiological particularity. They did not show mediastinal adenopathies aspects. Pleural images better corresponded to a localize pachypleurite (13 cas) than a liquid extravasation (8 cases).

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

[Tumor seeding of the abdominal wall after fine needle cytologic puncture of the liver. Apropos of a case].

Tumor seeding of the abdominal wall during fine needle puncture-aspiration of the liver is a very rare complication. The authors report a case of this complication affecting a 50-year-old Senegalese woman. She underwent echo-guided fine needle cyto-puncture of a hepatocellular carcinoma arising from the left lobe, followed by left lobectomy. The subcutaneous nodule was discovered 42 months after cyto-puncture. Histology following its excision revealed infiltration of carcinomatous hepatocytes between the fibers of rectus abdominis. There was no recurrence and the patient was well 10 months after excision of the subcutaneous nodule. With a review of 10 others cases reported in the literature, the authors feel that, although rare, this complication must be avoided and suggest a system for the protection of structures through which the needle passes.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1994

[Amoebic liver abscess: echographic aspects].

Amoebic liver abscess is the most frequent location of the extra-intestine amibiasis with an epidemio-endemic repartition in our areas. We are reporting in this study the main echographic patterns that can be found. 117 documents were collected and studied between 1982 and 1988 in the main hospitals of Dakar (SENEGAL). Most of the patients were young, the range of age being between 25 and 55 years old and 83% of them, were male. The diagnosis of the amoebic liver abscess was evocated on the basis of the following clinical and biological symptoms: 54.38% of painful haetomegaly, 42.10% of pleuro-pulmonary and digestive signs, 3.50% of long lasting isolated fever, non specific biological sign of inflammation, 74.57% of positive hemaglutination test. An echographic test was performed before the anti-parasitic treatment with an echotomograph PHILIPS SDR 1500 in real time using a probe of 3 MHZ. The amoebic abscess of liver was detected by the echography in all cases. The unique abscess (83.10%) was the most frequent form. It was localized in the right liver (64%) and had an heterogeneous echostructure (55.70%). The hypo-echogeneous form (36.50%) was the earlier stage of the collecting abscess. The liquid form (07.80%) was observed in the latter stages of the disease. Some difficulties to determine the amoebic abscess may appear when primitive liver cancer or pyogensus abscess are present. In these cases it is necessary to analyse the liquid of ponction to be affirmative.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Congenital cystic dilatation of the choledochus: apropos of a case diagnosed in an adult Senegalese women].

The authors report a case of congenital cystic dilatation of the choledochus diagnosed on a 37 years old senegalese woman. It is an uncommon affection in Africa. The clinical presentation with various signs is reviewed. Ultrasound or cholangiography confirms the diagnosis. Surgical excision of the cystic dilatation is the best treatment because of the high risk of cancerisation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Polycystic kidney. Clinical and familial aspects. Apropos of 29 cases].

The polycystic kidney disease is a hereditary malformation seldom described in Africa. Nineteen cases among 6 men and 13 women were seen in the internal Medicine Service in seven years. The range of age was 28 to 77 years. Ten other patients (of whom four were less than 15 years old were discovered via systematic family investigations and confirmed by ultra sound. The diagnosis was based essentially on consistent clinical signs and the presence of at least 5 cysts in each kidney. Infectious manifestations were the most frequent, presented in 37% of the cases. These acute infections can affect either the urinary ducts or a hepatic or renal cyst. The family investigations established that a third of the subjects examined were asymptomatic or had lumbar pain and hematuria never associated with their underlying cause.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Apropos of hepatorenal polycystic disease associated with cirrhosis].

The authors report a case of association of cirrhosis with (autosomal dominant) polycystic kidney and liver disease, which is hereditary malformation. The occurrence of hepatic cysts during the disease is relatively common, and the development in general is benign. In this case, the large hepatic cysts are responsible of biliary ducts compression, with clinical and biological cholestasis. Portal hypertension like impaired hepatocellular function develop because of cirrhosis.

Cysts↗
PubMed1991

[Contribution of echography in the diagnosis ruptured liver abscess (Apropos of 4 cases)].

The authors report 4 cases of ruptured hepatic abscesses in peritoneum (2 cas) and in pleural (2 cases). The cases occurred in 3 men (two of them were alcoholic) and one woman who was in the postpartum period. The cases confirm the classic pictures according to which, ruptures of hepatic abscesses have unclear clinical presentation whether they are amoebic or bacterial in origin! In these cases, ultrasound is very useful in the rapid detection of peritoneal or pleural abscesses which can be confirmed by ultrasonically guided fine needle punction When the channel from the intra hepatic abscess can be visualised, or when they are a coexisting hepatic and peritoneal pleural abscesses, the diagnosis is clear. However when the abscess has been completely emptied of its contents the diagnosis may the difficult.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment of rheumatoid polyarthritis with methotrexate in Dakar: efficacy, tolerance and cost].

Methotrexate (MTX), which has been used for years in cancer treatment, is now being proposed as a first-line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), despite its potential side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term efficacy, safety and relative cost of low-dose MTX for the treatment of RA. We carried out an open, nonrandomized trial in which patients received a 7 mg injection of MTX once per week, with clinical and biological follow up. A single physician performed the weekly assessments, which involved evaluation of the duration of morning stiffness, the number of night awakenings, the number of painful and swollen joints and Ritchie's index. Blood cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were determined monthly. Twelve RA patients were enrolled in the trial, over a mean treatment period of 356 +/- 175 days. A significant improvement was observed in all variables except the number of swollen joints. Ritchie's index decreased from a mean of 31.8 +/- 11.85 to 6.5 +/- 8.98 (p<1.6 x 10- 4). Minor adverse reactions were observed but none indicated treatment withdrawal: 6 cases of nausea, 2 of a moderate increase in transaminase activity, 1 of bronchitis, in which the responsibility of MTX was not definitely established and 3 cases in which hemoglobin levels decreased. The monthly cost of the treatment, including the drug itself and laboratory tests, is lower than that of gold salt injection. Three issues of key importance in our region were investigated in this study: 1) the possible desire to become pregnant of female patients undergoing MTX treatment. In addition, some of the young and unmarried patients did not understand or appreciate the contraceptive effects of the treatment; 2) poor compliance with the treatment due to limited financial resources. Many patients did not regularly attend for their follow-up appointments and many stopped taking the medication. One third of the patients were lost to follow-up during this study; 3) the prevalence of chronic hepatitis, which may limit the use of MTX in our region. Serological tests should be performed before the treatment is started and a liver biopsy is recommended for patients with chronic hepatitis B or C.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Relation between lupus-antiphospholipids antibodies and heart disorders].

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Antiphospholipids antibodies (APL) are autoantibodies found in lupus erythematosus and disorders like. Their frequency varies between 2 and 62% according to the literature. An increased frequency of cardiac disorders in antiphospholipids (APL) positive lupus has been reported. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of APL as an independent risk factor of cardiac disorders in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective study during 14 months has been designed with the cooperation of dermatologic, internal medicine and cardiology departments of the Aristide Le Dantec hospital of Dakar. Platelets count (Beckmann Coulter analyzer), activated partial thromboplastin time (Diagnostiga stago analyzer) and antiphospholipids antibodies (Elisa) were determined. RESULTS: 37 patients affected by lupus were included in this study with a net feminine prevalence (89%); 8 (14.6%) had APL's significant results and 20 presented an echographic heart abnormality. The analysis of our data did not reveal an increased risk of cardiac diseases among APL positive lupic patients as compared to the negative group (p = 1). CONCLUSION: The presence of APL in patients with systemic lupus does not so seem to be an independant risk factor of heart diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Low prevalence of ant-hepatitis c virus antibodies in hepatocellular carcinoma in Senegal].

Senegal is a country with a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The role of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the genesis of HCC is well established. To evaluate the role of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the occurrence of HCC in Senegal, second-generation serologic tests were used to compare the prevalence of anti-HCV antibody in subjects with HCC and in controls without liver disease. A polymerase chain reaction assay was used to look for HCV RNA in sera from patients with HCC and anti-HCV antibody. HBV markers were assayed in all study subjects. Prevalences of anti-HCV antibody were 10.9% (7/64) in the HCC group and 5% (3/58) in the control group (NS). In the HCC group, anti-HCV antibody was found in 2.4% (1/42) of subjects positive for the hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) versus 27.2% (6/22) of subjects negative for the HBsAg (p < 0.01). HCV RNA was detected in five of six anti-HCV-positive HCC patients. Prevalence of the HBsAg was 65.6% (42/64) in the HCC group versus 17.2% (10/58) in the control group (p < 10-8). Anti-HBV antibody was detected in 48.3% (28/58) of controls versus 6.3% (4/64) of HCC patients (p < 10-8). These data do not support a close epidemiologic association between the HCV and HCC in Senegal, where the HBV remains the main viral cause of HCC.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus syndromes in Senegal. A retrospective study of 30 patients seen over 10 years.

OBJECTIVE: To define the presenting manifestations, course and prognosis of systemic lupus erythematosus in Senegal. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty cases of systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus syndromes seen over a ten-year period were reviewed retrospectively. Nineteen patients met American College of Rheumatology criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. All 30 patients were Senegalese-born black women. Mean age at diagnosis was 30 years (range, 16-73 years). RESULTS: Polyarthritis was the most common presenting picture (n = 8), followed by discoid lupus (n = 6). Eight per cent of patients had at least a combination of skin and joint symptoms at diagnosis. Prevalences of organ involvement were as follows: skin, 97%; joints, 97%; kidneys, 57%; serous membranes, 43%; nervous system, 23% and blood, 83%. Mean symptom duration at diagnosis was 24 months in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and 43 months in lupus syndrome patients. This significant diagnostic delay explains why as many as five of the 30 patients (17%) died either before or within five months of treatment initiation. Eight patients (32% of treated patients) who had a favorable course under therapy were lost to follow-up after discharge. The overall mortality rate was 26%. Renal failure was the main cause of death, followed by infectious and neurologic complications. CONCLUSION: We anticipate that the reported prevalence of lupus in Senegal will rise in the near future as a result of improvements in diagnostic tools and of increased interest for lupus among physicians. We also hope that improved detection of mild and early forms, together with close long-term follow-up of patients, will translate into a better overall prognosis.

Adolescent↗