The role of the nurse in peritoneal dialysis.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M M Jackson.
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1. Increasing numbers of new cases of tuberculosis have been reported each year since 1984/1985. It is estimated that from 1985 through 1992 there were over 50,000 cases in excess of projections. Many of these outbreaks have been caused by strains of multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 2. The wearing of a particulate respirator [PR] may provide additional protection because of the tighter facial fit and better filtration capability as compared with a standard surgical mask. 3. The only type of PR certified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and approved for use by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to have filtration efficiency for particles as small as 1 microns are high-efficiency particulate air respirators, which are expensive and can be intimidating to patients.
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1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be transmitted from a pulmonary source when droplet nuclei in the 1 to 5 micron range are generated by coughing, singing, or even talking. 2. It is possible for large numbers of droplet nuclei containing M tuberculosis bacteria to be generated during the surgical drainage, débridement, and syringe irrigation of abscesses caused by M tuberculosis. These procedures can produce such a high concentration of droplet nuclei that the ventilation system cannot remove them fast enough to protect the surgical staff from infection. 3. The unrecognized case of tuberculosis is much more likely to be the source of transmission of M tuberculosis than is the individual who has a diagnosis of TB or "rule-out TB." This is because once a diagnosis is known or suspected, interventions are initiated that make the patient less infectious.
After nearly three decades of decline, tuberculosis has resurfaced as a major public health problem in the United States. The largest increase in cases is among 25-to-44 year-olds, an age group likely to have children in their households who are at risk of becoming infected. Aggressive interventions must be pursued to interrupt this continuing cycle of transmission.
Tuberculosis continues to be a major health problem in the United States, and infants and children are at particular risk for serious manifestations of the disease. This article provides up-to-date information about the epidemiology, classification, clinical manifestations, and recent changes in recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Case studies are used to illustrate important points.