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Biomedical subjects

M M Ismail

Publications and source records attributed to M M Ismail.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Further characterization of filarial antigens by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of an antigen isolated from sera of Wuchereria bancrofti-infected patients and Setaria digitata antigen SD2-4 is reported. Both antigens showed carbohydrate (glycoprotein) staining. The W. bancrofti antigen had an apparent relative molecular mass of 35 000 while the S. digitata antigen SD2-4 migrated at the marker dye position on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. SDS treatment of these antigens did not abolish the precipitation reaction with antibody. In the case of W. bancrofti antigen, SDS treatment probably exposed hitherto hidden antigen epitopes.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Association of bacteriuria and urinary nitrosamine formation with Schistosoma haematobium infection in the Qalyub area of Egypt.

In Egypt, bladder cancer incidence is high in areas where the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection is also high. Experimental evidence shows bladder carcinogenesis to be a multi-stage process which can be accelerated by many factors. N-nitroso compounds, some of which are known bladder carcinogens, can be formed from amine precursors and nitrate in urine during some bacterial infections. In experimental animals the growth of nitrosamine-induced urothelial cancers is accelerated by damage to the urothelium caused by S. haematobium infections, and by analogy in man this could account for the lower peak age of incidence of this cancer in Egypt by comparison with Europe. The present study was designed to investigate whether bacterial infection of the urinary tract was common in areas of endemic schistosomiasis and whether N-nitrosamines were regularly found to be associated with bacteriuria. Urine samples from young men in the Qalyub area of Egypt and from an adjacent Delta region were analysed for S. haematobium ova, the nature and intensity of any bacterial infection, nitrate and nitrite, and total N-nitroso compounds plus volatile N-nitrosamines. A relatively high prevalence of bacteriuria was found in young men with schistosomiasis and low levels of N-nitroso compounds were present in all specimens. When the groups were sub-divided on the basis of the ability of their bacterial flora to reduce nitrate to nitrite (the latter is required for the nitrosation of amine precursors to N-nitroso compounds), significantly higher levels of N-nitroso compounds were found in S. haematobium-infected individuals also infected with nitrate-reducing bacteria by comparison either with uninfected controls (p less than 0.0005) or with those infected with non-nitrate-reducing bacteria (p less than 0.001). The results show N-nitroso compounds to be present in the urines of young men in areas of endemic S. haematobium infection in Egypt, and elevated levels of urinary N-nitroso compounds to be associated with infection of the urinary tract by various species of nitrate-reducing bacteria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Immune complexes in Wuchereria bancrofti infection in man.

The levels of immune complexes in the sera of patients with Wuchereria bancrofti infection were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using a rabbit antibody to the adult Setaria digitata antigens SD2-4, and by the Clq-binding assay. Approximately 3-7% of microfilaraemic subjects and 30-40% of amicrofilaraemic symptomatic patients had levels of immune complexes that were significantly higher than the levels observed in non-filarial control subjects. The antigen in the polyethylene glycol-precipitated immune complexes was isolated. This W. bancrofti antigen was found to be similar to the S. digitata antigen SD2-4. Both antigens had the properties of an acidic glycoprotein of isoelectric point around pH 3.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Detection of filarial antibodies in Malayan and Bancroftian filariasis by the indirect fluorescent antibody test, using different filarial antigens.

Indirect fluorescent antibody tests (IFAT) using Wuchereria bancrofti infective larvae as antigen had the highest positivity rates in detecting Malayan and Bancroftian filariasis as compared to IFAT using antigens prepared from 5 other animal filarial species, Brugia pahangi, Dirofilaria immitis, Dipetalonema viteae, Litomosoides carinii and Onchocerca gutturosa. This study also recommends the use of human filarioids as the source of antigen in serological tests. However, before B. malayi and especially W. bancrofti can be easily available from the common laboratory animals. B. pahangi seems to be a suitable source of antigen for use in serological tests for human lymphatic filariasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of circulating antigen and antibody in Schistosoma haematobium-infected baboons.

The ELISA was used to measure circulating antigen and antibody in four baboons of which three were treated. The circulating antigen appeared earlier after infection than the antibody which eventually, however, reached a higher level. Both antigen and antibody levels increased slightly after treatment and thereafter declined to reach background levels eight weeks later. It is concluded that the ELISA has a potentially useful role in detecting both antibody and circulating antigen and that it may be successfully used in evaluating the efficacy of schistosomicides.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Antibody determination in the diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in man.

The levels of IgG and IgE antibodies reacting with somatic antigens of adult Setaria digitata and Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae were determined in sera of 90 patients with Bancroftian filariasis and 379 non-filarial subjects. Antibodies reacting with adult antigens and with soluble microfilarial antigens were seen in both microfilaraemic and amicrofilaraemic patients. Antibodies reacting with surface antigens of W. bancrofti microfilariae were seen only in amicrofilaraemic subjects. IgE antibodies were detected with the adult antigen only in both microfilaraemic and amicrofilaraemic patients. The absolute levels of IgG antibodies were significantly higher than those of IgE antibodies. It is concluded that the determination of serum antibodies reacting with adult antigens is suitable for the diagnosis of both the microfilaraemic and amicrofilaraemic phases of infection, and the determination of antibody to microfilarial surface antigens is applicable in patients with clinically evident disease.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1981

Detection of circulating antigens and immune complexes in feline and human lymphatic filariasis.

Circulating worm antigens were detected in 61% to 81% of sera from Brugia pahangi -infected cats and in 0-93% of sera from humans with malayan of bancroftian filariasis by counter immunoelectrophoresis and a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using rabbit antisera to B. pahangi adult worms. In some situations, both antigen tests were as sensitive as antibody tests. However, ELISA was likely to be affected by the presence of antiglobulins, such as rheumatoid factor, in the test sera. Only 10% to 22% of B. pahangi-infected cats (treated with drugs or not) had circulating immune complexes by the conglutinin-binding assay and no sera were positive by C1q-BA. A significantly higher percentage (56%) of B. malayi clinical sera was positive for immune complexes by either C1q- or conglutinin- binding assays as compared to other groups of B. malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti sera (6% to 14%).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

IgM antibody to filarial antigens in human cord blood: possibility of transplacental infection.

In a hospital in Sri Lanka, antifilarial antibody in maternal and umbilical cord blood was determined by indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radio-immunoassay. Anti-filarial antibody was detected in 18 of 340 cord blood samples. Specific IgM antibody was detected in 12 cord blood samples. The foetal IgM antibody was probably in response to a transplacental transfer of filarial antigens. The exposure of the foetus to filarial antigens might be beneficial, increasing resistance to infection, or detrimental by inducing at least partial tolerance.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Antigen of Setaria digitata: cross-reaction with surface antigens of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae and serum antibodies of W. bancrofti-infected subjects.

Extracts of Setaria digitata have been fractionated by DEAE-Sephadex A50 chromatography and the fractions obtained were used in the inhibition of indirect immunofluorescence of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae. The fractions were also tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique for reactivity against antibodies in the serum of patients with W. bancrofti infections. The results indicate that S. digitata contains several antigenic fractions that show cross-reactivity against filariasis sera; two of these fractions cross-reacted with surface antigens of W. bancrofti microfilariae but, when tested by the ELISA technique, these antigens did not show the highest reactivity against serum antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

ELISA in the diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in man: a technique for reducing cross-reactivity.

The cross-reactivity of filarial heteroantigens, the non-availability of adult Wuchereria bancrofti for antigen extraction, and the lack of structural information on purified filarial heteroantigens make the serological diagnosis of W. bancrofti infection in man a difficult problem. The use of immune sera from cattle infected with Setaria digitata when carrying out the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) largely eliminated the cross-reactions with serum antibodies generally seen in subjects showing no evidence of W. bancrofti infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Benign obstruction of subclavian and axillary veins possibly due to filariasis.

This paper analyses the clinical features of 8 patients with post-thrombotic obstruction of the subclavian and axillary veins demonstrated by phlebography. The classic physical signs of swelling of the arm with dilated superficial collateral veins were seen. The causes of thrombotic obstruction are discussed and the precipitating cause in this study was possibly filariasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Studies with Brugia pahangi 10. An attempt to demonstrate the sharing of antigenic determinants between the worm and its hosts.

Infective stage Brugia pahangi that were reared in Aedes aegypti survived equally well in cats that had previously been immunized against mosquito tissue and in a normal cat. The survival of third, fourth, juvenile, adult and microfilarial stages of B. pahangi that were recovered from cats was similar in jirds that had been immunized against cat antigens and in normal jirds. Host antigenic determinants were not detected on the surface of larvae in substantial amounts using fluorescent antibody techniques. It is unlikely that B. pahangi evades the immune response of its vertebrate hosts by masquerading as "self" behind host antigens.

Aedes↗