Biomedical subjects

M M Gallagher

Publications and source records attributed to M M Gallagher.

21 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1983

Induction of neoplastic transformation and DNA single-strand breaks in C3H/10T1/2 clone 8 cells by polycyclic hydrocarbons and alkylating agents.

The standard C3H/10T1/2 clone 8 (C3H/10T1/2 CL8) cell transformation assay was tested for its ability to identify a variety of polycyclic hydrocarbons and alkylating agents. Dose-dependent morphologic transformation occurred with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA), 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, BaP-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrodiol (BaP-7,8-diol), as well as with the relatively weak in vivo carcinogen benzo[e]pyrene. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene yielded a relatively weak response, whereas anthracene and phenanthrene were negative. In contrast, treatment of C3H/10T1/2 CL8 cells with two directly acting alkylating agents, N-nitroso-N-methylnitroguanidine (MNNG) and styrene oxide, gave no transformation, whereas a third alkylating agent, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), gave a weak response. Treatment with MCA (2.5 micrograms/ml) yielded a reproducible positive response and, therefore, served as a positive control for routine use of the C3H/10T1/2 CL8 assay. When cells treated with the hydrocarbons BaP, BaP-7,8-diol, or MCA were analyzed for nonspecific DNA damage (single-strand breaks or alkaline-labile sites) by alkaline elution techniques, little if any DNA damage was observed. In contrast, the alkylating agents MNNG, styrene oxide, and EMS yielded substantial numbers of single-strand breaks.

Alkylating Agents↗

PubMed1981

Importance of common bile duct stricture associated with chronic pancreatitis. Diagnosis by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Twenty-one patients with common bile duct strictures associated with chronic pancreatitis are described in whom ERCP was the principal diagnostic method used. In 5 of the 11 patients who had had previous pancreatic or biliary surgery, a common bile duct stricture was overlooked. Nine patients had one or more attacks of cholangitis which were severe in seven and caused death in one. Endoscopically aspirated bile cultures showed heavy gram-negative infection in four patients with previous cholangitis. Two patients developed stones above the strictures, and in one this led to obstruction of a previous cholecystjejunostomy. Although strictures may be discovered at an asymptomatic stage, there should be careful follow-up to detect the appearance of any symptoms or objective signs of stricture progression, when surgery should be offered without delay. Direct biliary-enteric anastomosis is the procedure of choice when possible to relieve symptoms and prevent the potentially life-threatening complications of cholangitis and septicemia.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ramstedt's pyloromyotomy: a specialist procedure?

One hundred and twenty infants with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis were operated on by two consultant general surgeons over a 13-year period. General anaesthetic and a standard surgical approach was used in all cases. No mortality was recorded and there were no wound dehiscences. The overall postoperative wound infection rate was 9.2%. Prior to 1985 the infection rate was 15%. Following attention to a number of details including care of the umbilicus, the incidence decreased after 1985 to 4%. The most common postoperative complication was vomiting, which occurred in 25% of infants. There was one negative laparotomy in the 13-year study period. Two children required a second procedure for persistent vomiting. The argument in favour of specialisation in managing this condition is questioned along with the need for intensive diagnostic investigation.

Female↗