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Biomedical subjects

M M Braun

Publications and source records attributed to M M Braun.

42 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the United States.

Of 48,712 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control from October 1987 through March 1989, 1239 (2.5%) were diagnosed with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed in 1013 (2.3%) of the US-born persons with AIDS, compared with 26 (8%) of the Mexican-born, 82 (13%) of the Haitian-born, and 4 (1%) of the Cuban-born. Patients with AIDS with and without extrapulmonary tuberculosis were similar in age, except that extrapulmonary tuberculosis was relatively rare in patients with AIDS under the age 10. Compared with white homosexual/bisexual men, black race (odds ratio, 2.7), intravenous drug use (odds ratio, 2.0), heterosexual AIDS transmission category (odds ratio, 1.9), and Hispanic ethnicity (odds ratio, 1.6) were independently associated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. In 1988, extrapulmonary tuberculosis in persons known to be human immunodeficiency virus seropositive represented 21% of national extrapulmonary tuberculosis morbidity.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Increasing incidence of tuberculosis in a prison inmate population. Association with HIV infection.

The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) among inmates of the New York State prison system increased from 15.4 per 100,000 in 1976 through 1978 to 105.5 per 100,000 in 1986. Matching of TB and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome registries indicated that the majority (56%) of inmates with TB reported in 1985 and 1986 had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or human immunodeficiency virus infection; none were known to be human immunodeficiency virus seronegative. A case-control study examined 59 inmates with TB reported from 1984 through 1986 and 59 matched control inmates without TB. Inmates who reported street drug use were more likely to develop TB: odds ratio, 9.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.8 to 33.6 and odds ratio, 7.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 59.3 by unconditional and conditional logistic regression analyses, respectively. Although the majority of cases are thought to be due to reactivation of latent infection, phage typing of 16 Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures suggested the possibility of inmate-to-inmate transmission in at least one cluster of three cases. It is of crucial importance that TB control measures be reinforced in the prison setting to counter the increased risk created by human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A cohort study of twins and cancer.

Given the current explosion of knowledge of the genetics and molecular biology of cancer, the possibility of widespread testing for inherited predisposition to cancer has been raised. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of inherited predisposition on cancer mortality among the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Twin Registry. The twins were white male United States veterans of World War II, who were born during the period 1917-1927. The follow-up period was from 1946 to 1990, and some cause of death was determined with the use of death certificates. We compared concordance for death from cancer among 5690 monozygotic twin pairs to that among 7248 dizygotic pairs. A possible effect of inherited predisposition to death from cancer was considered present if concordance for cancer mortality among monozygotic twin pairs was greater than it was among dizygotic twin pairs. Among monozygotic and dizygotic twins, a total of 1918 cancer deaths was observed. Concordance for death from cancer at all sites among monozygotic twins was higher than it was among dizygotic twins (overall rate ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.0). For each zygosity group, two or fewer pairs were observed to be concordant for death from cancer of a specific site, with the exception of lung cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cohort Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tuberculosis prevention practices and perspectives of physicians in DeKalb County, GA.

Knowing the reasons some physicians do not adhere to the disease prevention and treatment recommendations of expert committees can assist in the development of future recommendations more likely to be adopted by physicians. The authors describe the attitudes and practices of physicians relative to tuberculosis prevention in DeKalb County, GA. Tuberculosis is an important problem in the county, which includes part of the City of Atlanta, as well as suburban areas. Questionnaires for anonymous reply were mailed to 1,621 physicians in the county in 1991, and 848 (53 percent) were completed and returned. The final sample was 793 physicians, who were grouped into 5 specialty areas. Primary care physicians were the group most commonly involved in specific tuberculosis screening and prevention activities. Medical and pediatric specialists, surgeons, obstetricians-gynecologists, and other physicians were significantly less likely to be involved in such activities. Given that primary care physicians constitute a decreasing proportion of physicians in the United States, the findings suggest the importance of ensuring that future strategies for tuberculosis prevention take into account the increasingly specialized nature of the medical practice environment.

Family Practice↗