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M M Bieber

Publications and source records attributed to M M Bieber.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Human CD5+ B lymphocytes (B-1 cells) decrease in peripheral blood during pregnancy.

Pregnancy is a unique immunologic state where a natural homeostasis exists between antigenically different tissues. Several earlier studies have addressed the fluctuations in the number and/or function of lymphocytes, including B cells during pregnancy, but changes within the subsets of B lymphocytes, conventional (CD5-) and B-1 (CD5+), have not been addressed. Here we demonstrate that the frequency of B-1 cells decreases dramatically during pregnancy, whereas the frequency of conventional B cells remains relatively constant. The missing B-1 cells return to pre-pregnancy levels 8-10 weeks after parturition. The polyreactive autoantibodies secreted by B-1 cells have been implicated in autoimmunity and immune regulation. The possible role of B-1 cells during pregnancy will be discussed in that context.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

FACS analysis of peritoneal lymphocytes in ovarian cancer and control patients.

In this study different lymphocyte populations in the malignant ascites of 10 patients with ovarian carcinoma and in the peritoneal fluid of 8 control patients (tubal ligation and benign conditions) were analyzed. A panel of monoclonal antibodies against the CD markers of lymphocytes was used to stain different populations and the cells were analyzed on a FACS II (fluorescence-activated cell sorter). The mean percentage of B lymphocytes in the peritoneal cavity of the OVCA patients was 0.18 +/- 0.5% and in the control patients 0.05 +/- 0.07%. There was no significant difference between the two groups. In the OVCA group and in the controls the percentage of T lymphocytes (CD5+) was 23.5% and 17.1% respectively with no significant difference between the groups. These results indicate that B lymphocytes are not present in the human peritoneal cavity. The small numbers of B cells found in this study could be due to contamination with peripheral blood. The human peritoneal cavity contains a cell population which differs from that present in peripheral blood. Significant numbers of B lymphocytes have been reported in the peritoneal cavity of mice. The difference between the lymphocyte population of the human peritoneal cavity and that of rodents implies that data on characterization and function of B lymphocytes in the mouse peritoneal cavity would not be applicable to humans.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1993

Human antilipid A monoclonal antibodies bind to human B cells and the i antigen on cord red blood cells.

We describe two independently derived human mAb, A6(H4C5) and 216, initially selected for their reactivity to the lipid A domain of bacterial LPS, which also react with the following Ag: the i Ag present on cord RBC, a ligand on human B lymphocytes, and to certain autoantigens, defining these mAb as polyreactive. Both mAb have specific affinity for a carbohydrate epitope consisting minimally of a disaccharide with an acyl substitution at the 2-carbon position. Structural examination of the diverse Ag recognized by the two antibodies reveals the presence of this carbohydrate structure required for antibody binding. A6(H4C5) and 216 are IgM in isotype, but differ in their L chain expression. Molecular analysis shows that both the mAb are encoded by a highly conserved VH4 gene, designated VH4-21. This gene encodes a number of autoantibodies, particularly cold agglutinins. Specific recognition of lipid A and of a carbohydrate epitope on B lymphocytes by the two human mAb suggests a dual function for the highly conserved VH4-21 gene in antibacterial response and in B cell development and regulation.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1992

The ontogeny and functional characteristics of human B-1 (CD5+ B) cells.

We demonstrate that, on average, greater than 90% of B lymphocytes in fetal spleen express CD5 at gestational ages of 17-23 weeks. Similarly, CD5+ B cells (B-1 cells) are the major B cell subset in umbilical cord blood. These findings depend on the optimization of fluorochrome conjugated anti-CD5 reagents for multiparameter fluorescent-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. From infancy through childhood the percentage of B-1 cells gradually diminishes in both spleen and peripheral blood. Stable adult levels, 25-35% of the total B cell population, are reached in late adolescence. The decrease in the percentage of B-1 cells in spleen is accompanied by an increase in conventional (CD5-) B cells, keeping the percentage of total B cells per mononuclear cells relatively constant. In contrast, in peripheral blood, the concentration of both B-1 cells and total B cells decreases, while T cells increase. At the functional level, we show that polyreactive IgM autoantibodies are produced by FACS-sorted CD5high B cells, but not by CD5- B cells from adolescent spleen. In contrast, fetal splenic CD5high and CD5- B cells appear functionally uniform, both producing IgM autoantibodies that are typical of B-1 cells. The apparent level of CD5- B cells in fetal spleen, on average 10% of total B cells, may still result from limitations of our reagent. The prominence of B-1 cells in fetal spleen and cord blood, the gradual reduction of B-1 cells with increasing age, and its characteristic repertoire, all suggest a role for this cell type in immunologically immature hosts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effects of anti-lipid A human monoclonal antibody on lipopolysaccharide-induced toxicity to the kidney.

Studies were done to evaluate the effects of the human monoclonal anti-lipid A IgM antibody A6(H4C5) on several components of the hemodynamic and renal toxicity of the cell wall lipopolysaccharide of E. coli 0111:B4. Antibody (0.25 to four mg./kg. BW) was administered 0.5 hour before, or premixed for one hour with, lipopolysaccharide (0.05 mg./kg., a 14 to 18% lethal dose), and the following measurements made over 0.5 to 3.5 hours of study: systemic arterial blood pressure, renal plasma flow, and glomerular filtration. The proximal tubular cell cytotoxicity of 90 mg./kg. of the cephalosporin cephaloridine was also quantified in similarly treated animals sacrificed 48 hours later. While one mg./kg. of antibody prevented the reduction by the lipopolysaccharide of renal plasma flow, it did not prevent the nephrotoxic synergy with cephaloridine, and four times the antibody dose did not prevent lipopolysaccharide-induced hypotension or reduced glomerular filtration. These amounts of this antibody protect leukopenic rabbits against the lethality of the slow onset bacteremic model of Pseudomonas conjunctivitis. It is suggested that the incompleteness of protection in this study may be the result of the sensitivity of the assay methods used and/or the acute endotoxemia produced in these animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Biology and virology of the human malignant lymphomas: 1st Milford D. Schulz Lecture.

Permanent cell lines have been established from twelve diffuse histiocytic lymphomas (SU-DHL-1 to -12), three American Burkitt's lymphomas (SU-AmB-1 to -3), two acute lymphoblastic leukemias (SU-ALL-1 and -2), and three diffuse undifferentiated lymphomas (SU-DUL-1, -2, and -3). The cultured cells displayed neoplastic characteristics, as manifested by heterotransplantability in congenitally athymic nude mice and by the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities in early passage generations. Functional and marker studies revealed that the three American Burkitt's lymphomas, as well as several of the diffuse histiocytic and undifferentiated lymphomas, were of B-lymphocytic origin, whereas the two acute lymphoblastic leukemias were both of T-lymphocytic origin. Two of the cell lines, SU-DHL-1 and -2, appeared to be of true histiocytic origin; two others exhibited no markers and were designated as "null" cells. All ten of the DHL cell lines studied to date, as well as SU-DUL-1, have been devoid of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes by the EBNA test, whereas two of the three American Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines were positive. Spontaneous production of a C-type RNA virus was first detected in post-mitochondrial cytoplasmic fractions and culture fluids of the SU-DHL-1 cell line. Screening assays for the detection of reverse transcriptase-positive particles in the culture fluids of the other cell lines indicate that eight of the fifteen cell lines tested to date have spontaneously initiated C-type RNA virus production. After partial purification by ion-exchange and affinity chromatography, the reverse transcriptases of the virus isolated from SU-DHL-1 cells is partially inhibited by antibodies to the reverse transcriptases of C-type viruses of subhuman primate and endogenous feline, but not of murine, origin. Conversely, antibody prepared against the purified SU-DHL-1 viral reverse transcriptase, at concentrations which maximally inhibit the homologous enzyme, partially inhibits the reverse transcriptases of subhuman primate C-type viruses, but has little or no inhibitory activity against the reverse transcriptases of feline or murine leukemia viruses. The viruses produced by the SU-DHL-1 and SU-AmB-3 cell lines have been shown to be infectious for normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, normal human bone marrow cells, and certain human lymphoblastoid cell lines. After infection by these viruses, normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and human bone marrow cells have exhibited striking changes in growth behavior and morphology which, though not permanently sustained, have many of the features of abortive transformation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

E-rosette inhibiting substance in Hodgkin's disease spleen extracts.

Patients with Hodgkin's disease often manifest impairment of cell-mediated immune responses in both in vivo and in vitro tests, as well as a markedly decreased percentage of E rosette-forming (T) lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. This report describes the inhibition of E-rosette formation by normal peripheral blood lymphocytes after incubation with extracts prepared from the spleens of patients with Hodgkin's disease. Such extracts also depressed E-rosette formation by the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with Hodgkin's disease after those cells had been restored to normal function by prior incubation in foetal calf serum. Similarly prepared extracts from the spleens of normal donors had no immunodepressive effect. The E-rosette inhibitory substance in the Hodgkin's disease spleen extracts was found to be a complex containing beta-lipoprotein, C-reactive protein, and C1q.

C-Reactive Protein↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Synthesis and characterization of gentiobiose heptaacetate conjugate vaccines that produce endotoxin-neutralizing antibodies.

We have prepared aminoethyl (AE), aminopropyl (AP), and aminopentyl (APT) derivatives of gentiobiose heptaacetate (GH). These spacer compounds (AEGH, APGH, APTGH) have been coupled to succinylated diphtheria toxoid (Suc.DT) to produce conjugate vaccines. These conjugates all bind to the anti-lipid A human monoclonal antibody A6(H4C5) in an ELISA binding assay. Rabbits immunized with the APGH conjugate vaccine in either Freund's complete adjuvant or aluminum hydroxide gel produced antibody levels of 5120 and 3600 ELISA units, respectively, compared to an antibody level of less than 20 ELISA units for the prebleed sera. Sera from mice immunized with either the aminopropyl or the aminopentyl conjugate had antibody levels of 5120 and 2560 ELISA antibody units, respectively. These antibodies neutralized endotoxin in a Limulus lysate neutralization assay. Protection against the local Shwartzman reaction was demonstrated (p less than 0.05) in eight out of nine rabbits immunized with the Suc-DT-APGH conjugate vaccine compared to three out of 10 rabbits immunized with the carrier protein Suc-DT. Passive transfer experiments demonstrated that four out of five rabbits receiving immune serum were protected from Shwartzman reaction compared to one out of five rabbits receiving normal serum (p less than 0.1). These results indicated that epitopes contained in gentiobiose heptaacetate when properly presented as conjugate vaccines were capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies against endotoxin.

Amines↗