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Biomedical subjects

M M A Faridi

Publications and source records attributed to M M A Faridi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Mother's iron status, breastmilk iron and lactoferrin--are they related?

OBJECTIVE: Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended till 6 months age. Factors regulating the breastmilk iron and lactoferrin levels are incompletely known. Considering high prevalence of nutritional anemia in lactating mothers, we studied the iron status of lactating mothers, their breastmilk iron and lactoferrin levels to determine any relationship between them. DESIGN: Prospective study with 6 months follow-up. SETTING: Tertiary care referral hospital. SUBJECTS: Hundred nonanemic and 100 anemic mothers with their babies recruited at birth. Fifty-two nonanemic and 50 anemic mothers and their babies completed the 6-month follow-up. INTERVENTIONS: Hemoglobin (Hb), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), percent transferrin saturation (%TS), serum iron (SI) and serum ferritin measured on day 1 and 6 months postpartum. Breastmilk iron and lactoferrin measured on day 1, 14 weeks and 6 months after delivery. RESULTS: Breastmilk iron decreased progressively from day 1 to 14 weeks and at 6 months in both groups, but no significant difference was noted between nonanemic and anemic mothers (P>0.05). Significant decline in breastmilk lactoferrin concentration from day 1 to 14 weeks in nonanemic and anemic mothers (P<0.001) noted. Hemoglobin, TIBC, %TS, SI and serum ferritin of both groups had no correlation with breastmilk iron and lactoferrin concentration on day 1, 14 weeks and 6 months after delivery. CONCLUSIONS: Breastmilk iron and lactoferrin concentration had no relationship with the mother's Hb and iron status.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Breastfeeding a baby with mother on Bromocripine.

Prolactinomas, the most common pituitary adenomas, are important causes of infertility. Bromocriptine remains the treatment of choice for managing hyperprolactinemia in most of these cases. Breastfeeding in mothers receiving bromocriptine is often doubtful and matter of concern for most people. Here we report a case, where by timely intervention and skilled counseling, exclusive breastfeeding could be established in a mother receiving bromocriptine for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Profile of fisting in term newborns.

BACKGROUND: Persistence of fisting of hands and cortical thumb is a predictor of abnormalities in development and dysfunction of the central nervous system, though this may be a normal finding in the immediate newborn period. AIM: To study the profile of fisting in early neonatal period. METHODS: Five hundred and fifty healthy term neonates were studied. Hand position was examined by a single observer between 24-48h of birth when the baby was awake and quiet. Complete fisting was defined as flexed fingers covering both proximal and distal palmer creases. If only the distal crease was covered, it was defined as incomplete fisting. Thumb position was observed as thumb by the side of the fingers, under the fingers and above the fingers. RESULTS: Of the total 550 babies, 338 (61.45%) had bilateral, 39 (7.09%) had right sided and 38 (6.91%) had left sided fisting and 135 (24.55%) had open hands. Of the 1100 hands, 669 hands (60.8%) had complete and 84 (7.63%) had incomplete fisting. "Cortical thumb" was found in 57% of fisted hands. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in fisting according to the sex and weight of the babies. CONCLUSION: Fisting was a predominant hand posture among the babies (75.45%) but cortical thumb with bilateral fisting was seen in only 30% of babies.

Female↗
PubMed2005

Onset and pattern of tear secretions in full-term neonates.

PURPOSE: Serial evaluations of total, basal and emotional tear secretion in full-term normal neonates to determine the time after birth when these parameters attain normal adult values. METHOD: Both eyes of 102 full-term normal neonates were prospectively evaluated for tear secretions in the Department of Ophthalmology, over a period of one year. Serial recording of the Schirmer I test (total tear secretions), Basal Secretion Test, and Schirmer II test (emotional tears) was done, the first one being within 6 hours of birth. All the tests were repeated in each infant until normal adult values for each test were obtained. RESULTS: The average values of the Schirmer I test, Basal Secretion Test and Schirmer II test at birth were 23.2 (+/- 3.96) mm, 6.2 (+/- 2.15) mm and 19.2 (+/- 4.94) mm, respectively. A statistically significant correlation of birth weight but not of gestational age was found with basal secretions (p = 0.004) as well as with emotional tears (Schirmer II test, p = 0.010). At birth, 98% of infants had total tear secretion, 3.9% had basal tear secretion and 2.9% had emotional tear secretion comparable to normal adult values. All the parameters of tear secretions increased with time, so that 100% of infants had total tear secretion comparable to normal adult values within 12 hours of birth. The basal secretions took three weeks and emotional tears took four weeks to attain normal adult values in all the neonates. CONCLUSION: Total tear secretions were the earliest to reach normal adult values, followed by basal secretions and, lastly, emotional tears. Reduced basal tears at birth may predispose neonates to corneal drying during prolonged ocular examinations such as indirect ophthalmoscopy and procedures under general anesthesia.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

Effect of carbamazepine on serum lipids and liver function tests.

We prospectively studied the effect of carbamazepine (CBZ) therapy on serum lipids and liver function tests in 28 patients and 28 age and sex matched controls. The mean age of patients was 8.29 years, duration of therapy with CBZ 10.3 months and dose of CBZ 13.1 mg/dL. The patients and controls were comparable in weight, height and BMI. Mean +/- SD of cholesterol 162 +/- 25.8 mg/dL in patients was significantly more than controls 131+/- 25.2 mg/dL. Mean LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were also significantly raised in patients. Values of mean VLDL, triglycerides, ratio of LDL HDL, TC HDLC bilirubin and SGPT were not significantly different in two groups. Blood Levels of alkaline phosphatase were significantly more in patients compared to controls. The long term implications of these findings need to be studied.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2004

Amnioinfusion in thick meconium.

OBJECTIVE: There are conflicting reports regarding the results of amnioinfusion in the management of meconium passage in utero. This study was done to evaluate transcervical amnioinfusion for meconium stained amniotic fluid during labour. METHODS: 196 women at term in early labour with meconium were randomized to receive either transcervical intrapartum amnioinfusion with saline (96) or routine obstetrical care (100). Transcervical amnioinfusion of one liter saline infused over 30-45 minutes. End points were relief of decelerations, incidence of vaginal delivery, presence of meconium below the neonatal cords, and X-ray evidence of meconium aspiration. RESULTS: Amnioinfusion resulted in relief of decelerations in 75% of cases as compared to 7% in the control group. Eighty-eight percent of patients delivered vaginally as compared to 58% in the control group (p< 0.001). Neonatal outcome was significantly better in the infusion group. The incidence of meconium below the vocal cords was reduced from 48% to 17% (p< 0.004) using amnioinfusion with positive X-rays for meconium aspiration in only 12.5% versus 26% (p < 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that transcervical intrapartum amnioinfusion is a safe, simple and inexpensive technique that reduces operative intervention and improves neonatal outcome, and is of tremendous relevance in developing countries.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed2004

VACTERL association with Prune-Belly syndrome.

We report a term, small for gestational age neonate having full spectrum of VACTERL association. In addition, the neonate also had triad of signs and symptoms associated with prune belly syndrome. The concurrence of these two syndromes could lie in their common etiology of defect in mesodermal differentiation. Such a combination is extremely rare and is generally incompatible with life.

Anus, Imperforate↗
PubMed2004

Permanent dentition in Delhi boys of age 5-14 years.

Eruption pattern of permanent teeth in Delhi boys was studied in 1800 well nourished children age 5-14 years. Relationship of height, weight and sexual maturity with eruption of teeth was calculated. Earliest teeth to appear were lower first molar (5.64 years) followed by lower central incisors (6.02 years), The sequence of eruption in maxilla was first molar, incisors-central then lateral, first premolar, canine, second premolar and second molar. In mandible eruption pattern canine preceded first premolar. Eruption of teeth was significantly positively related to height, weight and sexual maturity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Sirenomelia.

Sirenomelia is a rare congenital anomaly with incidence of 1.5-4.2 per 100,000 births. Vascular steal phenomenon, posterior axial mesodermal defect or teratogenic defects have been implied in its pathogenesis. The authors present two cases with associated upper limb involvement and vertebral defects and complete absence of one lower limb bones in one case. Autopsy revealed abnormalities in internal organs. Both cases were associated with single umbilical artery and severe oligohyramnios. Sirenomelia should be suspected in antenatal period in cases presenting with severe oligohydramnios and intrauterine growth retardation for a early diagnosis and appropriate management of pregnancy.

Ectromelia↗
PubMed2003

Dizygotic twins with myelomeningocele.

Among the neural tube defects incidence of spinabifida and myelomeningocele is less in twins compared to singletons. This article reports a case of dizygotic twins with myelomeningocele, a rare occurrence. Possible association of twining and neural tube defects and its impact on genetic counseling in such cases has been discussed.

Diseases in Twins↗
PubMed2003

Life span of peripheral intravenous cannula in a neonatal intensive care unit of a developing country.

The use of peripheral intravenous cannulas (IVCs) in the care of sick newborns is a common practice. IVCs, priced five times higher than conventional steel needles, can be more cost effective if insight is available on the variables affecting their life span in situ. The present report summarizes the efforts made to ascertain these factors in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a developing country. A total of 186 peripheral IVCs (24-gauge teflon) were used in 78 newborns amounting to 7,583 hours of IV therapy (mean, 40.8 hr per cannula; range, 1-136 hr). Of these, 25 cannulas were removed selectively and 84, 50, 17, and 10 were removed for swelling, dislodgement/leakage, blockage, and local erythema, respectively. The median survival time of IVC as expressed by Kaplan-Meir survival analysis was 40 hours (SE, 2.49; 95% confidence interval, 35.12-44.88). Birth weight, gestation, application of splint, fluid and glucose infusion rate, site of cannulation, and administration of ampicillin, gentamicin, amikacin, vancomycin, phenobarbitone, blood products, or calcium gluconate did not influence the median life span of IVCs. Children receiving cefotaxime had a significantly lower median survival time as compared with those not receiving it (36 vs 47 hours, p =.007). Median survival time of IVCs in our set-up was comparable with those in developed countries and was not governed by the cannula or patient variables. Cefotaxime use led to decreased survival of IVCs; though this effect appeared to be related to the mode of administration rather than to the drug per se.

Catheterization, Peripheral↗
PubMed2003

Deciduous dentition and enamel defects.

Two hundred eighty children including wellnourished, malnourished and infants with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) were examined for dental eruption and enamel hypoplasia. In malnourished and IUGR children eruption of teeth was delayed. The prevalence of enamel hypoplsia in wellnourished children was 20% being significantly higher in females as compared to males in age group 1-2 years. Enamel hypoplasia was seen in 36.6% malnourished subjects. Breast-feeding was protective against enamel hypoplasia.

Dental Enamel Hypoplasia↗
PubMed2003

Validity of hematologic parameters in identification of early and late onset neonatal infection.

This study was designed to evaluate the utility of hematological parameters and C-reactive protein (CRP) to formulate a sepsis screen to detect sepsis in early and late onset infection. Hundred and fifty neonates clinically suspected of bacterial infection, based on risk factors and/or clinical features were selected for the study. Blood was collected by venipuncture at the time of admission in all neonates. A total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leukocyte count (DLC), its derivatives [Total neutrophil count (TNC or T), ratio of immature to total neutrophil count (I/T), ratio of immature to mature neutrophil count (I/M)] and CRP were obtained. TLC = 10x10(9)/L, TNC = 8x10(9)/L, I/T = 0.16, I/M = 0.25 and CRP = 0.6 mg/dl were found to be good parameters in detection of sepsis. During the first three days of life leukopenia, neutropenia, elevated I/T ratio, elevated I/M ratio and CRP were good diagnostic aids while after 3 days of life CRP was the best single test. This emphasizes use of multiple indicators for detection of sepsis. Using these parameters a sepsis screen was formulated which detected >90% of proven early and late onset sepsis suggesting that other neonates with positive sepsis screen but blood culture negativity may have been truly infected.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed2002

Utility of haematological parameters and C-reactive protein in the detection of neonatal sepsis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate various haematological parameters, individually and in combination, to formulate a haematological scoring system (HSS, defined by Rodwell et al.), which can then be used to screen for sepsis in neonates who are clinically suspected of infection.1 METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 150 neonates (from birth to 3 days old) with clinically suspected infection. Blood was collected by peripheral venepuncture in all neonates. A complete blood count, differential leucocyte count, total leucocyte count (TLC), total neutrophil count (TNC), immature neutrophil count, band form count and platelet count were performed. Immature total neutrophil count (I/T) and immature/mature neutrophil count (I/M) ratios were then obtained. C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured semiquantitatively and blood culture and antibiotic sensitivity were performed in each case. The haematological parameters were compared individually and in combination (by HSS) with CRP. RESULTS: Twenty-one (14%) neonates had blood culture proven sepsis. On evaluation of various haematological parameters, TLC < 10 x 109/L, TNC < 8 x 109/L, I/M > 0.25, I/T > 0.14, band count > 15% and platelet count < 150 x 109 were found to have optimal sensitivities and negative predictive values (NPV). Using these values, an HSS was formulated. A haematological score > or = 3 had a sensitivity of 86% and NPV of 96%. C-reactive protein as a single test had a sensitivity of 76% and NPV of 96%. A combination of CRP with haematological parameters decreased the sensitivity and NPV of the HSS. CONCLUSIONS: A haematological score can be obtained by a complete blood count and examination of peripheral blood smear, thus permitting an objective assessment of haematological changes that occur in a neonate suspected of sepsis. C-reactive protein does not have any advantage over HSS, either as a single test or in combination.

Blood Cell Count↗