The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is a self-report personality questionnaire based on Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality, which accounts for both normal and abnormal variation in the two major components of personality, temperament and character. Normative data for the Swedish TCI based on a representative Swedish sample of 1,300 adults are presented, and the psychometric properties of the questionnaire are discussed. The structure of the Swedish version replicates the American version well for the means, distribution of scores, and relationships within the between scales and subscales. Further, the Swedish inventory had a reliable factor structure and test-retest performance. The results of this study confirm the theory of temperament and character as a seven-factor model of personality.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term prognosis of isolated partial medial collateral ligament ruptures. A ten-year clinical and radiographic evaluation of a prospectively observed group of patients.

We prospectively observed 38 patients with nonoperatively treated isolated partial ruptures of the knee medial collateral ligament at 3 months, 4 years, and 10 years after the initial trauma using clinical and radiographic examinations. The initial diagnoses were based on clinical and arthroscopic examinations. Three months after injury, 28 patients (74%) had regained nearly normal knee function and muscle strength, and 75% of these patients could perform at their preinjury activity level (competitive team sports). Five patients (13%) had increased valgus laxity (grade 1) in the injured knee. After 4 years, the patients had a median Lysholm score of 100 (range, 64 to 100). Thirty-three patients (87%) had normal knee function during strenuous activities. Repeat injuries to the medial collateral ligament occurred in two patients (5%), and another two patients sustained cruciate ligament injuries during the follow-up period. After 10 years, the Lysholm score (median, 95; range, 73 to 100) was lower compared with the 4-year score (P < 0.03), but the patients still performed on a similarly high activity level. Five patients (13%) had distinct signs of beginning osteoarthritis (Fairbank's signs) on radiographs, but none had joint space reduction.

Child↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ten-year prognosis of isolated and combined medial collateral ligament ruptures. A matched comparison in 40 patients using clinical and radiographic evaluations.

In a matched-pair study of 40 patients, the prognoses of patients with acute isolated partial medial collateral ligament injuries and acute combined medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligament injuries were compared 10 years after initial treatment. All patients in the first group were treated nonoperatively. In the latter group, most medial collateral ligament injuries were total ruptures, which were thoroughly repaired; the torn anterior cruciate ligament was repaired with augmentation in half of the cases. At the follow-up evaluation, both patient groups had similarly high knee functions according to the Lysholm score and similar activity levels (recreational team sports). Knees with combined injuries had increased sagittal laxity at manual and instrumented assessment. Radiographic signs of knee osteoarthritis were present in half of the knees with combined injuries, but they were absent in knees with isolated injuries. The long-term functional prognosis was similarly good after isolated or combined medial collateral ligament injuries, but patients with combined ruptures had more reinjuries and repeat surgeries, increased sagittal laxity, and a higher incidence of radiographic osteoarthritis.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Two families with Alport's syndrome.

Alport's syndrome is a hereditary disease striking cochlea, eye and kidney. The diseased women usually have a nonlethal degree of the kidney disease, but the prognosis for the men is worse. They often die from renal failure before the age of 35. Most cases of hearing loss occurs in men. The hearing loss is progressive after the age of 10. Audiological tests are characteristic for a cochlear lesion. The debut of the disease usually appears in the post natal period giving microscopic haematuria. It can, however, occur later with haematuria and proteinuria. The hearing loss may be the first symptom, which is an observandum to otologists. Two families with Alport's syndrome are described. The patients have been examined concerning kidney disease, audiological and vestibular pathology. The hereditary pattern is described.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

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American Hospital Association↗