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Biomedical subjects

M Lundberg

Publications and source records attributed to M Lundberg.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The changes in the social class distribution of moderate and high alcohol consumption and of alcohol-related disabilities over time in Stockholm County and in Sweden.

The purpose of this paper was to analyse the role of social class concerning changes in alcohol consumption and severe alcohol-related problems from the end of the 1960s to the 1990s in Stockholm County, and in the whole of Sweden for consumption. Survey data showed that the prevalence of moderate and/or high alcohol consumption in adults of both sexes was highest among non-manual employees at medium and high level, in 1967 as well as in 1980 in the whole of Sweden. After 1980, an equalization occurred. A similar change in the social class pattern of alcohol consumption was noted in young people. We analysed all 36,404 male and 10,648 female hospitalizations and all the 3175 male and 713 female deaths with a diagnosis of alcoholism, alcohol psychosis or alcohol intoxication in Stockholm County during 1970-86 (1970-84 for mortality) linked to individual census data. There was a greater increase in rates among women than among men, especially among women outside the labour market. We found pronounced social class differences between manual and non-manual employees, which widened up to 1986 (1984 for mortality)-a period with an initial increase and a subsequent decrease in alcohol consumption. Thus, the changes in consumption and alcohol-related problems developed differently in principal social classes over time, suggesting that an expanded theory on alcohol consumption in the population should take socio-economic factors into account.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The diagnostic validity of magnetic resonance imaging in acute knee injuries with hemarthrosis. A single-blinded evaluation in 69 patients using high-field MRI before arthroscopy.

Sixty-nine patients with traumatic knee hemarthrosis were evaluated an average of 3 days after trauma by high field (1.5T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using sagittal T1, T2-weighted and coronal 3D-gradient echo images. All knees were arthroscopically examined shortly afterwards. The diagnostic validity of MRI for intraarticular pathology was determined using arthroscopy as golden standard. All patients had pathological findings on arthroscopy. The injuries were sports-related in 77% of the cases. MRI was highly sensitive (86%) and specific (92%) for diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament tears. Diagnosis of medial meniscal tears showed a 74% sensitivity and 66% specificity. MRI detected lateral meniscal tears in 50% with an 84% specificity. As such, MRI missed 10 significant meniscus ruptures requiring surgical treatment. The sensitivity for partial or total medial collateral ligament tears was 56%, the specificity 93%. Rupture of the medial retinaculum in cases with patellar dislocation or significant damage of articular cartilage were only detected by MRI in a few cases (27% and 20% sensitivity, respectively). MRIs low diagnostic validity for intraarticular pathology with hemarthrosis may be attributed to the shifting paramagnetic properties of the blood remains and catabolic processes in meniscal and chondral tissues during the hemoglobin degradation process. Accordingly, MRI, with the technique used, could neither replace arthroscopy in the diagnosis and screening of acute knee injuries, nor select patients with need for immediate arthroscopic meniscal surgery.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

The sociodemographic pattern of tobacco cessation in the 1980s: results from a panel study of living condition surveys in Sweden.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To analyse the factors that determined whether or not people were successful in quitting tobacco during the 1980s in Sweden. DESIGN: A logistic regression model was used for the analyses and included: education, marital status, socioeconomic group, social network, physical activities, cigarette consumption, and years spent smoking as independent variables. Men and women were analysed separately for smoking. A specific univariate analysis was also performed for men who used snuff. SETTING: Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: A panel of 5104 randomised people aged 16-84 years was interviewed in 1980-81 and followed up in 1988-89 in the survey of living conditions undertaken by Statistics Sweden. The participation rate was 86%. The panel included 1546 men and women who were daily smokers. There were 418 daily users of snuff among the men, and 129 men both smoked and used snuff. MAIN RESULTS: Together 26% of women and 23% of men had quit smoking. Five percent in both groups were new smokers. Among men, 26% had quit using snuff and 5% had begun smoking. New snuff users among men were 5%. In the multivariate analysis, unmarried men kept smoking at significantly higher rates (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2,3.6), as did those men who smoked 11-20 cigarettes/day (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.5, 3.4), or more than 20 cigarettes/day (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.4,5.7). Among women, smoking 11-20 cigarettes/day was also a significant factor (OR 3.3; 95% CI 2.1,5.0). Men and women aged 25-44 were significantly more likely to continue smoking (OR = 2.1; 95% CI 1.1,3.7, and 2.2; 95% CI 1.2,4.4) as were those who had smoked for 20 years or more (OR 4.7; 95% CI 2.0,10.8 and OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.1,5.5, respectively). For women, low education (up to grade 9) was also a significant factor (OR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.2,5.1). Among men who had quit using snuff we did not find any values of significance. CONCLUSIONS: One in four smokers had quit during the 1980s and a few started smoking (5%). Some men quit smoking and started using snuff instead. For both sexes, the daily consumption of cigarettes, years spent smoking, and age were the most important determinants of successful quitting. In men, being married/ cohabiting was an important factor as was higher education in women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The effect of removal of the medical collateral ligament on subchondral bone and cartilage in the growing rat knee joint.

The growing knee joint in immature rats was chosen as a model to study quantitatively bone apposition and thickness of articular cartilage after surgical removal of the medial collateral ligament. In 32 rats, subchondral bone apposition was assessed by measuring double tetracycline labelling, and the thickness of calcified and uncalcified articular cartilage was measured by image analysis. The results indicate that there was a significant increase in subchondral bone growth after removal of the medial collateral ligament, but no change in thickness of the calcified and uncalcified zones of the articular cartilage in the medial knee compartment. Further, despite an obvious increase in valgus laxity on manual examination, there were no signs of articular cartilage degeneration in any animal. The study shows that traumatic injury to ligaments and joint instability during the growing period may influence the development of subchondral bone in the knee joint.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Latex allergens in glove-powdering slurries.

Exposure to airborne glove powder contaminated with latex allergens is known to provoke respiratory symptoms in latex-sensitized individuals. In the commonly used wet-powdering process in glove manufacturing, powder is applied by dipping gloves in a cornstarch suspension, a slurry. The slurry is a potential source of allergen contamination of the powder. The protein and latex allergen contents in five different slurries and in extracts from the corresponding latex gloves were measured using the BCA assay and the IgE antibody inhibition assay (EAI assay). Latex allergens were found in all slurries and gloves. No correlation between the values of protein contents and allergen contents was found. Wet powdering of gloves induces a risk of latex protein contamination of the cornstarch.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Anaphylactic reaction caused by neoallergens in heated pecan nut.

An atopic girl experienced an anaphylactic reaction after eating cookies containing pecan nuts. Investigations revealed that she had developed IgE antibodies exclusively specific against allergenic determinants present in aged or heated pecan nuts, but not in fresh pecans. These neoallergenic determinants were located on protein(s) with a molecular weight of approximately 15 kDa. Neoallergens appearing during heating or storing of foods may be important in some anaphylactic reactions.

Allergens↗
PubMed1994

Dystonia and dyskinesia in glutaric aciduria type I: clinical heterogeneity and therapeutic considerations.

Glutaric aciduria type I (GA-I) is an inborn error in the degradation of lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan due to a deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase. Glutaric, 3-OH-glutaric, and glutaconic acids are excreted in the urine, particularly during intercurrent illness. The enzyme may be assayed in leukocytes, cultured fibroblasts and chorionic villi. Twelve new cases, 9 months-16 years of age, are reported, comprising all known cases of GA-I in Sweden and Norway. Ten had a severe dystonic-dyskinetic disorder, one had a mild hyperkinetic disorder, and one was asymptomatic. Two children died in a state of hyperthermia. Carnitine deficiency and malnutrition developed in patients with severe dystonia and dysphagia, which necessitated substitution and gastrostomy. A slowly progressive dyskinetic disorder developed in spite of adequate early dietary treatment in one subject. Macrocephaly was found in three. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance investigations in 10 showed deep bitemporal spaces in 7. Neuropsychological testing of 8 of 12 subjects demonstrated receptive language function to be superior to expressive language and motor function. Cognitive functions were obviously less affected than motor functions. A review of 57 pooled cases showed that a severe dystonic syndrome developed in 77%, a mild extrapyramidal syndrome in 10%, and 12% were asymptomatic. This disorder may pass undetected in the cerebral palsy and mentally retarded child and adult populations. Repeated urine examinations of organic acids in the urine and enzyme assay may be necessary to confirm GA-I.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Refixation of large chondral fragments on the weight-bearing area of the knee joint: a report of two cases.

In most cases of cartilage avulsion, the chondral fragments are severely damaged, and refixation is therefore impossible. We present two cases with large intact cartilage fragments from the weight-bearing area of the femoral condyle after patellar dislocation. We tried refixation using fibrin sealant (Tisseel-Kit, Immuno AG, Vienna, Austria) and polydioxanone-pins (Bio-fix-Pins, Miracon AB, Helsingborg, Sweden). At second look arthroscopy, we found only one third to one half of the defects healed. Due to these results, the refixation of chondral fragments without attached bone seems to be questionable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Decrease in valgus stiffness after medial knee ligament injury. A 4-year clinical and mechanical follow-up study in 38 patients.

The clinical outcome after partial rupture of the medial collateral knee ligament is reported to be good, but there is a lack of objective assessment of persistent valgus laxity. We prospectively followed 38 consecutive patients with an isolated partial medial ligament rupture. After diagnostic arthroscopy, all patients were treated by early functional rehabilitation. At 4 years, besides clinical routine laxity tests, varus/valgus rotation, internal/external tibial rotation, initial and endpoint valgus stiffnesses, initial and endpoint internal/external rotational stiffnesses were measured by instrumented computerized passive motion analysis (Genucom). Most patients had normal knee function and muscle strength as early as 3 months after injury and returned to their pre-injury activity level without problems. At 4 years, 2 knees had minor residual valgus laxity at the manual examination, all other knees appeared stable. The instrumented tests also showed equal varus/valgus rotations and internal/external rotational stiffnesses in injured and healthy knees, but a decrease in the initial valgus stiffness and a decrease in the internal/external tibial rotation of the injured knee.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Alcohol and cancer of the colon and rectum.

The association between alcohol intake and colorectal cancer was examined in a population-based case-control study performed in Stockholm in 1986-88. The study included 352 cases of colon cancer, 217 cases of rectal cancer, and 512 controls. Relative risks, with 95% confidence intervals, were calculated for total alcohol intake and for different alcoholic beverages. Total alcohol intake (> or = 30 g 100% ethanol per day) was not associated with colon cancer (relative risk = 0.9, confidence intervals = 0.4-1.8) or rectal cancer (1.0, 0.4-2.1). There was no evidence supporting beverage specificity (for colorectal cancer and > or = 10 g 100% ethanol per day: beer 1.1, 0.6-2.0, wine 1.0, 0.4-2.7, spirits 1.0, 0.6-1.6). The associations did not vary according to gender or site within the large bowel. These analyses were adjusted for year of birth and gender (when appropriate). Further adjustments for diet, body mass or physical activity had little or no influence on the results. The present study does not support the hypothesis that alcohol plays an important role in the aetiology of cancer of the colon and rectum in a population with a relatively low alcohol intake.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

In vivo comparative evaluation of hemodialysis tubing plasticized with DEHP and TEHTM.

The migration of plasticizers from blood lines was studied in 11 patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis for a period of six months. Di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), the conventional plasticizer, was compared with tri-2-ethylhexyltrimellitate (TEHTM). A liquid chromatography method for quantitative determination of DEHP and TEHTM in human blood plasma is described. During treatment with tubing containing DEHP, the plasma level of DEHP rose from 0.10 micrograms/ml (less than 0.05-0.17 n = 11) to 0.70 micrograms/ml (0.30-1.6 n = 11). When the patients were changed to tubing containing TEHTM, the concentration of DEHP was below or close to the detection limit and TEHTM could not be detected. No adverse events of either tubing were found as regards acute toxic effects, performance or applicability.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

HIV prevention among injecting drug users: three years of experience from a syringe exchange program in Sweden.

Exchange of syringes and needles has for the last 3 years been offered to injecting drug users as part of an HIV prevention project in a small university town in south Sweden. The program at the local hospital has been visited by 979 drug users, of which 182 have participated on a more regular basis. The typical participant is a 30-year-old male who has injected amphetamine or heroin for at least 10 years. The seroprevalence for HIV among drug users in south Sweden has been maintained at approximately 1% in contrast to up to 60% in subpopulations from other Scandinavian regions with a comparable drug problem. No project participant has become HIV infected during the study period and a reduction in risk behavior has been noted among local drug injectors. The HIV prevention project has attracted many individuals with no previous contact with drug rehabilitation programs; for a number of drug users, the syringe exchange has served as an introduction to such treatment efforts.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Urea kinetics and clinical evaluation of the haemodialysis patient.

Urea kinetic modelling (UKM) was performed on 62 patients in a haemodialysis unit not normally using kinetic methods. Without knowledge of the results, four nephrologists, four nurses and the patients themselves evaluated adequacy of dialysis (eAD) and daily protein intake (eDPI). Thirty-two patients had Kt/V less than 1.0, and 17 patients had Kt/V less than 0.9. Estimated improvement of the efficacy of treatment after the intervention of a physician was minor. Seven patients had a protein catabolic rate (pcr) at less than 0.8 g/kg per day. On average physicians identified five of these. Both nurses and doctors exhibited highly significant correlations between Kt/V and eAD, and between pcr and eDPI, but the correlation coefficients were generally modest (typically below 0.4). When patients evaluated themselves, no significant correlations were found. Examined individually, all four physicians' decisions about eAD correlated better with model-generated decisions than with eAD stated by their colleagues. It is concluded that UKM should be used to secure adequate and more uniform treatment prescription. There is no 'clinical standard' competing with UKM. Nurses make satisfactory evaluations compared to doctors, but the patients are unable to assess the adequacy of their dialysis or diet.

Adult↗