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Biomedical subjects

M Luna

Publications and source records attributed to M Luna.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Aspergillus epiglottitis.

A 21-year-old woman with acute lymphocytic leukemia developed clinical and radiographic signs of epiglottitis. Premortem and postmortem histologic studies showed invasive aspergillosis; Aspergillus flavus was grown in culture. The necrotizing nature of this infection is explained by the predilection of Aspergillus sp. for invasion of blood vessels. The usual causative agents of epiglottitis are bacteria; the association with fungal infection has not been previously described.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis in a male homosexual with Kaposi's sarcoma.

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE), or marantic endocarditis, was found at autopsy in a young male homosexual with Kaposi's sarcoma. Vegetations were seen in the mitral and aortic valves. Embolic phenomena and cytomegalovirus infection were noted in the brain, spleen, liver, lung, gastrointestinal tract, and bone marrow. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of NBTE in a young immunosuppressed homosexual man with Kaposi's sarcoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Concentration of vinblastine in human intracerebral tumor and other tissues.

Uptake of vinblastine into human cerebrospinal fluid, intracerebral tumor and autopsy tissues was quantitated radiochemically after separating vinblastine from its metabolites by high pressure liquid chromatography. Only low concentrations of vinblastine were found in cerebrospinal fluid from a single patient. A second patient who received a tracer dose of radiolabelled vinblastine prior to surgical resection of an intracerebral tumor had slightly less radioactivity in tumor than in temporalis muscle, but more in tumor than in edematous brain surrounding the tumor. The radioactivity in tumor increased gradually and exceeded concurrent plasma radioactivity by 2 hr after drug administration. A third patient died 4 hr into a planned 24-hr infusion of radiolabeled vinblastine. Highest vinblastine concentrations were found in organs with high blood flow such as kidney and heart. Intermediate concentrations were found in liver and lung, and low concentrations were found in prostate, gastrointestinal tract, spleen, muscle, bladder, and hepatic and lymph node metastases. A fourth patient died one month after receiving radiolabeled vinblastine. Highest concentrations were in liver and next highest concentrations were in intracerebral tumor. Moderately high concentrations were found in pancreas, thyroid, lung, spleen, ovary, kidney, and kidney metastases. Lowest concentrations were found in omental metastases, heart, breast, and brain. Vinblastine concentration decreased with increasing distance into brain from the brain metastases. Thus, vinblastine was not selectively localized in tumors. The concentrations in tumor did not reflect the concentration in the organ in which the tumor was located. There was no indication that uptake into intracerebral tumor was impaired. Cerebrospinal fluid and brain concentrations of vinblastine did not give any indication of the concentration attainable in intracerebral tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Laccase assay by means of high-performance liquid chromatography.

Spectrophotometric determination of laccase activity may be affected by the formation of quinoid chromophores arising from nonenzymatic oxidations interfering with enzymatic reactions. Km values for guaiacol obtained by spectrophotometric and HPLC methods confirm the above hypothesis. HPLC results are particularly useful for the assay of laccase activity on natural phenolic extracts.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1983

Treatment and prophylaxis of disseminated infection due to Candida albicans in mice with liposome-encapsulated amphotericin B.

The toxicology of liposome-encapsulated amphotericin B in mice and its efficacy in the treatment and prophylaxis of systemic candidiasis in these animals were studied. The toxicology studies indicated that the maximal tolerated dose of free amphotericin B was 0.8 mg/kg of body weight and the 50% lethal dose (LD50) was reached at 1.2 mg/kg, while neither the maximal tolerated dose nor the LD50 for the liposomal amphotericin B was reached at a dose of 12 mg/kg. No abnormalities in blood chemistry or histology were observed in the animals injected with encapsulated amphotericin B, while the administration of free amphotericin B was associated with nephrocalcinosis and renal parenchymal edema. The encapsulated drug was as effective as the free drug when used in similar concentrations, while the animals treated with higher concentrations of liposomal amphotericin B (4 mg/kg) had a longer survival time. Thus, an improved therapeutic index resulted by encapsulating amphotericin B in liposomes.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1983

Tumor penetration of AMSA in man.

4'-(9-Acridinylamino)-methanesulfon-m-anisidide (AMSA) has shown significant antitumor activity against several murine tumors and leukemias. During its Phase I and II clinical trial, we were able to obtain tumors, plasma, and CSF specimens from patients who received varying doses of AMSA, as well as patients who received high doses and had autologous bone marrow rescue. The drug was analyzed chromatographically. The tumor to plasma drug concentration ratios ranged from 200% to 486%, apparently independent of dose and sampling time. Because AMSA was not detected in the CSF, the drug may not be effective in the treatment of meningeal metastasis. High-dose AMSA therapy with bone marrow rescue did not result in significantly higher AMSA concentrations in the tumor, nor did it elicit favorable response.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Induction of neuroblastoma maturation by a new chemotherapy protocol.

Five patients, 1.5 to 9 years old, were treated at M.D. Anderson Hospital for Stage III of IV neuroblastoma. Each was entered into a chemotherapy protocol which included cyclophosphamide, vincristine, 5-trifluoromethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (F3TdR), and papaverine, and each responded with marked reduction in size of the abdominal tumor mass. All patients then underwent exploratory laparotomy and resection or biopsy of residual tumor. In three cases, histological examination of the treated tumor showed ganglioneuroblastoma with predominance of mature cells; one patient had a mature ganglioneuroma, whereas only necrotic tissue was obtained from the fifth patient. These findings support the hypothesis that this chemotherapy protocol can induce neuroblastoma maturation.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Human tissue distribution of platinum after cis-diamminedichloroplatinum.

Using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, platinum concentrations were determined in autopsy tissue samples from 12 patients who had received cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) 20-120 mg/m2 up to 6 months antemortem. Tissue platinum concentrations were highest in liver (0.5-3.7 micrograms/g wet weight), prostate (1.6-3.6 micrograms/g), and kidney (0.4-2.9 micrograms/g), somewhat lower in bladder, muscle, testicle, pancreas, and spleen, and lowest in bowel, adrenal, heart, lung, cerebrum, and cerebellum, Platinum concentrations in tumors were generally somewhat lower than the concentration in the organ in which the tumor was located, with the exception of intracerebral tumors. Different metastatic sites in the same patient had substantially different platinum concentrations and hepatic metastases had the highest concentrations. Intra-arterial administration of drug may augment tissue concentrations of platinum. In a patient undergoing therapeutic abortion 4 days after treatment, the platinum concentration was 0.5 micrograms/g in the placenta and 0.3 micrograms/g in the fetus. The data suggest that for in vitro sensitivity testing, DDP concentrations of less than or equal to 7 micrograms/ml should be used.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1981

Disposition of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG, NSC-32946) in man.

A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method was utilized to determine the concentration of the antileukemic agent methylgloxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG, NSC-32946) in tissue samples obtained at autopsy from patients who received MGBG. In a patient with cholangiocarcinoma who received one course of MGBG (500 mg/m2), the highest drug concentration was found in normal liver tissue. However, the drug concentration in intrahepatic tumor tissue was only 10% of that found in uninvolved liver. In a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who received 12 courses of MGBG therapy, highly infiltrated lymph node tissue was found to contain the highest concentration of MGBG. High concentrations of the drug were also found in liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal, and thyroid. The drug penetrated well into normal brain tissue. After repeated administration, high drug concentrations were found in cerebral and cerebellar gray matter. These studies suggest that there is no selective uptake of MGBG into solid tumors early after drug administration and provide a pharmacologic rationale for testing this agent against endocrine and intracerebral tumors in man.

Absorption↗
PubMed1981

Anaplastic malignant neoplasms: diagnosis and treatment.

We studied 35 patients referred to M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute with a histologic diagnosis of undifferentiated malignant neoplasms. Further subclassification of the tumors based on elements suggestive of tumor differentiation detected on light and electron microscopic examination was possible in 22 of the 35 patients. The stage of tumor at diagnosis was of prognostic importance. Patients who had localized surgically resectable disease had significantly longer survival than those with regional tumor invasion or distant tumor metastasis. Patients with metastatic subclassified tumors had response to chemotherapy and survival duration not different from patients with metastatic undifferentiated tumors. The use of multidrug combinations containing cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin HCl (Adriamycin), and dacarbazine (DTIC-Dome) seems to improve the survival of patients with metastatic anaplastic malignant neoplasms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Cranial computed tomography of malignant melanoma.

Two hundred seventy-five cranial computed tomography (CT) scans performed on 179 patients with malignant melanoma were reviewed. Of the 101 patients with confirmed cerebral metastases, CT demonstrated lesions in 93. In 72% of these, areas of increased attenuation were present in the precontrast scan. These lesions also enhanced after contrast infusion. There was a direct correlation between the extent of bleeding in the neoplasm and the density of the metastasis, at least 20% red blood cells per high power field were consistently present within lesions of increased attenuation. Cerebral metastases were occasionally associated with subdural or intracranial hemorrhage. Meningeal melanomatosis was recognized by CT only when associated with adjacent parenchymal metastases. In nine (11%) of 74 patients without clinical evidence of brain involvement, CT revealed cerebral metastases; this suggests that a staging CT scan might be useful on patients with diffuse or advanced local extracranial disease prior to definitive therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Cancer of the extrahepatic bile ducts.

Case histories of 47 patients with histologically confirmed carcinoma of extrahepatic bile ducts presenting to M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute over a 30-year period were studied. The disease was more common in males during the sixth and seventh decades of life. A third of the patients had history of cholelithiasis. Four patients had prior history of chronic ulcerative colitis and one patient had congenital choledochal cyst prior to development of cancer of the bile duct. Jaundice was the earliest and the most common presenting sign. The tumor was located in the common bile duct more often than in the hepatic ducts. The overall median survival was eight months with two-year and five-year survival rates of 15% and 3%, respectively. The respective values for patients who had resectable tumors were 21.7 months, 57% and 20%. Ascending cholangitis was a frequent complication in patients treated with dilation and intubation and, overall, hepatic failure and systemic infection were more frequent causes of death than distant metastases.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1979

Necrotizing colitis in patients with cancer.

Necrotizing lesions of the colon occur in patients with malignancy. We identified 26 patients with cancer (23 with acute leukemia and three with solid tumors) who died from necrotizing colitis. Autopsies revealed three pathologic categories: pseudomembranous colitis in 69 per cent, agranulocytic colitis in 19 per cent and ischemic colitis in 12 per cent. Most died from sepsis. A comparison of characteristics was made with a control population matched for diagnosis, age, cause of death and duration of neoplasia. Nearly all patients in both groups had fever and were granulocytopenic secondary to chemotherapy. Most received antineoplastic and antimicrobial regimens during the month prior to their terminal illness. Abdominal pain and distention, stomatitis and necrotizing pharyngitis were frequently associated with colitis. Hyperbilirubinemia was a frequent late complication in those with colitis and the control group. Single and multiorganism septicemia were found more frequently in patients with colitis. As antemortem diagnosis was unusual, aggressive attempts at diagnosis are necessary to assess the true incidence of this disorder and the best therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Secondary renal neoplasms: an autopsy study.

The records of 11,328 autopsies performed on patients who died of malignant disease between March 1944 and August 1974 were reviewed, and 816 cases (7.2%) demonstrated renal metastases. The most common primary tumors in decreasing order of frequency were lung, breast, skin (melanoma), and tumors of the genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and gynecologic tracts, respectively. Generally metastases were hematogenous, multiple, bilateral, less than 3 cm in diameter, and located throughout the renal parenchyma. Associated metastases were usually present in many other organs. Because methods to detect renal lesions depend upon their size, clinical recognition of renal metastases will be largely limited to that 10% which are greater than 3 cm in diameter.

Adolescent↗