Stereoselective conjugate additions to enoates.
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Alkenes↗
Biomedical subjects
M Liu
Publications and source records attributed to M Liu.
[Characters of two gravity-related esterases in carrot callus cells].
On the basis of identification of two gravity-related esterases (grEST1 and grEST2) in carrot callus cells (Cai et al. 1998), we continued the study of the characteristics of these two esterases. They have the very special characteristic of SDS resistance. Their activities could be inhibited partially by deoxycholate. beta-Phenylpropionic acid, AgNO3 and CuSO4 had no inhibitory effect on their activities. The activities of grEST1 and grEST2 could be decreased by ascorbic acid and cysteine, and the influence by cysteine was particularly obvious. The molecular weights of grEST1 and grEST2 were shown to be near the ranges of 49-66 kD and 43-59 kD respectively by non-denaturing electrophoresis containing deoxycholate, Triton X-100 and SDS respectively, and the isoelectric points were approximately pH 5.4 and 4.9 respectively. Besides, grEST1 and grEST2 were found in the fraction precipitating at value between 30% and 40% saturation with (NH4)2SO4.
Copper Sulfate↗
[Gene diagnosis of X linked retinitis pigmentosa by linkage analysis].
OBJECTIVE: To establish a gene diagnosis method for X linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP). METHODS: Ten microsatellite markers were selected from the region where the RP2 and RP3 gene may be located at Xp21.1-p11.23. Haplotype analysis for XLRP pedigrees was used to determine the chromosome region which is RP related and whether this region was carried by the individuals we want to detect. RESULTS: The young female who is the RP carrier or the young boy who is the pre-symptom RP patient could be determined this way in 4 XLRP family. CONCLUSION: Haplotype analysis for XLRP Pedigrees is useful.
Adult↗
Regulatory roles of IL-12, IL-4 and IFN-gamma on IgE synthesis in atopic patients.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of cytokine regulation in atopy by analyzing the effects of three major cytokines, IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-gamma on in vitro IgE synthesis of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from normal individuals and atopic patients. METHODS: We investigated 5 normal individuals and 22 atopic patients including 12 allergic asthma, 8 allergic rhinitis and 2 atopic dermatitis. Human PBMCs were separated and incubated in 96-wells culture plates with different cytokines. Cultured for 7 days, the supernatant was collected and the contents of IgE synthesized in vitro were detected. RESULTS: There was no IgE synthesis in vitro of PBMC from all the normal individuals and 7 patients, however, other 15 patients' PBMC could produce IgE in vitro. We found that rhIL-4 could induce in vitro IgE synthesis of PBMC from all the normal individuals and 22 patients. rhIL-12 could inhibit IgE synthesis induced by rhIL-4. Further investigation of cytokine effects on IgE synthesis was conducted in 15 patients whose PBMCs did produce IgE in vitro (average level was 714 +/- 1105 ng/L). The following effects were observed: (1) 10 micrograms/L rhIL-4 could augment in vitro IgE synthesis from 714 +/- 1105 ng/L to higher level of 1483 +/- 1396 ng/L; (2) 20 micrograms/L rhIL-12 could inhibit in vitro IgE synthesis from 714 +/- 1105 ng/L to lower level of 452 +/- 969 ng/L; (3) rhIL-12 could block IgE synthesis induced by rhIL-4 to the level of 583 +/- 1084 ng/L; (4) 50 micrograms/L IFN-gamma could inhibit in vitro IgE synthesis from 714 +/- 1105 ng/L to the level of 461 +/- 1063 ng/L. CONCLUSIONS: rhIL-4 could induce in vitro IgE synthesis, rhIFN-gamma could inhibit the in vitro IgE synthesis and rhIL-12 could antagonize rhIL-4 effect on in vitro IgE synthesis of PBMC from atopic patients.
Adult↗
[Clinical characteristics and psychotropic therapy of depressive and anxious symptoms of patients with somatic diseases].
OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics of depressive and anxious symptoms and the drug therapy response of patients with somatic diseases. METHODS: All the subjects were inpatients in a general hospital. The depressive and anxious symptoms met with the following conditions: hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD) > 7 scores, Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) > 12, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) > 10, Clinical Global Impression (CGI) > or = 3. RESULTS: In patients 200, 195 received the therapy, and 5 discontinued. The severity of depressive symptom in descending order was tumor group, blood disease group, endocrine disease group, depressive group, cardiovascular disease group, renal disease group. The effects of Seroxat (serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor, SSRI): showed that the overall efficacy against depressive and anxious symptoms, measured with 50% reduction rate in endpoint scales scores, was 61.6% and 61.5% respectively. CONCLUSION: Different characteristics of emotional symptoms existed among different somatic diseases. Seroxat is effective in treating emotional problems of patients with somatic diseases.
Adolescent↗
[Clinical study of advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy combined with DDP and vindesine].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the result of radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: From August 1996 to October 1997, 64 cases of advanced NPC (stage N2-N3) patients were randomized to receive radiotherapy (RT) alone or RT combined with 2 cycles of chemeotherapy (CT) (cisplatin, vindesine). Thirty two patients were assigned to CT + RT, and 32 to RT alone. RESULTS: At 40 Gy of RT the response rate was 28.1% in RT group and 43.8% in CT + RT group. The response rate at 3 months after RT was 75.0% in RT group and 84.4% in CT + RT group (P < 0.05). The major toxic effects were gastrointestinal reaction, myelosuppession and alopecia. CONCLUSION: Chemotherapy with cisplatin and vindesine before and after radiotherapy increases the response rate of advanced NPC with lymph node metastases.
Adult↗
[Effect of immunologic treatment on lymphocyte subsets in patients with myasthenia gravis].
OBJECTIVE: To study the abnormalities of cellular immunity of myasthenia gravis (MG) and the effects of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy and thymectomy on lymphocyte subsets in patients with myasthenia gravis. METHODS: Phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte in 39 patients with MG and 18 healthy controls were completed using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence double-staining methods; changes of lymphocyte subsets were studied in 15 of the MG patients after GC therapy and 7 of the MG patients after thymectomy. RESULTS: (1) The percentage of pan-T (CD(+)(5)), pan-B (CD(+)(19)), traditional B cell, CD(+)(4)T cell in patients with MG did not significantly differ from that in healthy controls. An increase in CD(+)(8) cell was observed in MG patients as compared with normal controls. Among the CD(+)(4) T lymphocyte subsets, there was significant decrease of the percentage of CD(+)(4) CD(45)RA(+) (suppressor-inducer) and increase of the percentage of CD(+)(4) CD(45)RA(-) (helper-inducer) subsets in MG patients than controls; the percentage of CD(+)(5) B cell was significantly increased in MG patients as compared with that in healthy controls. (2) After GC therapy, the percentages of pan-T (CD(+)(5)), pan-B (CD(+)(19)), traditional B cell, CD(+)(4) T cell, CD(+)(8) T cell, CD(+)(4) CD(45)RA(-), CD(+)(5) B cell decreased. (3) After thymectomy, the proportions of T, B lymphocyte subsets did not change significantly. CONCLUSION: Not only changes of T cell subsets (CD(+)(4) and CD(+)(8) T lymphocyte subsets) were shown, but also there were abnormal changes of functional CD(+)(4) T lymphocyte subsets and CD(+)(5) B lymphocyte which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MG. There is comprehensive inhibiting action of GC on cellular immunity in MG patients, while there is no such effect with thymectomy on the lymphocyte subsets in MG patients.
Adolescent↗
[Surgical treatment of truncus arteriosus in children].
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the surgical results of truncus arteriosus in children. METHODS: Five patients with persistent truncus arteriosus underwent complete repair of truncus arteriosus. Type I was found in 2 patients, type II in 2 and type IV in 1 according to Collett and Edwards. Their ages ranged from 3 to 12 years (mean 6.3 years). The time of pulmonary circulation and evacuation of the pulmonary artery was not significantly prolonged. Complete repair was via a median sternotomy utilizing hypothemia with cardiopulmonary bypass, entailing separation of the pulmonary arteries from the truncus, repair of the resultant defect in the aorta, ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure with a patch in which the interrupted pledget-supported suture was placed in the truncal valve annulus of the superior border of VSD, and restoration of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) continuity utilizing extra cardiac conduits, of which autologous pericardial valved dacron conduit was used in 4 patients and homograft conduit in 1. RESULTS: Postoperative mean pulmonary pressure decreased significantly in all patients (P < 0.01) and the pressure gradient across conduit was 7 - 35 mm Hg. Two patients died immediately after the operation, which was not associated with pulmonary vascular lesion. Among 3 survivors, I had low cardiac output and respiratory dysfunction after operation and the others recuperated uneventfully. Survivors were followed up for a period of 114, 96 and 34 months respectively, and were all in NYHA functional class I. One died of occlusion of conduit 8 years after operation. CONCLUSIONS: Children with truncus arteriosus are still indicated for complete correction. Autologous pericardial valved dacron conduit has excellent long-term outcomes. Correcting truncal valve insufficiency, repairing VSD, avoiding large pressure gradient across conduit and shortening CPB time are keys to improve the survival rate of patients and achieve excellent long-term outcome.
Bioprosthesis↗
[Use of color Doppler esophageal ultrasonography for assessing hemodynamics of the lower esophageal veins before and after endoscopic esophageal variceal ligation].
Using color Doppler esophageal ultrasonography(CDEUS) with water balloon, we examined the lower esophageal veins of 24 patients with portal hypertension and esophageal varices. The results showed that CDEUS with water balloon could clearly display the lower esophageal veins and could effectively evaluate the changes of hemodynamics of the lower esophageal veins before and after endoscopic esophageal variceal ligation. The maximum blood velocity of peri-esophageal vein in the active bleeding group was higher than that in the non-active bleeding group.
Endoscopy, Digestive System↗
[Development of air microbe sampler with micropore filter membrane].
Dual head air microbe sampler with a large flow capacity of 100 liters per minute was manufactured. The sampler possesses simple structures, light weight, convenient operation and higher sampling efficiency, equal to 77%-96% of the grade six Anderson sampler. Sampling time is a main factor affecting sampling efficiency. This device is suitable for the determination of degree of biological clean air in clean environment and the detection of the pathogenic microbes in ward and public places and also microbes in ordinary environment.
Air Microbiology↗
[A study on the ultrastructure of plant cell under simulated microgravity].
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of microgravity on plant cell ultrastructure. METHOD: Analyzing the biological and physiological differences between the plants grown in the simulated microgravity conditions and their correspondent ground controls. RESULT: Various variances in cell walls, chloroplasts and mitochondria were observed with electron microscope. Those ultrastructure changes included plasmolysis, twist, contraction and deformation of cell walls, curvature and loose arrangement of chloroplast lamellae, breach of mitochondria, overflow of inclusions, disappearance of cristae, and significant increase in number of starch grains per cell. CONCLUSION: Simulated microgravity conditions exert some coerce influence on the plant growth and the changes above-mentioned were the responses in cell level.
Cell Wall↗
[Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on cortisol and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with brain injuries].
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Adult↗
[A review on the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy with selective posterior rhizotomy].
OBJECTIVE: To inquire the indications, contraindications, and operative methods of the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy with selective posterior rhizotomy (SPR), and to improve the therapeutic results and decrease the incidence rate of complications. METHODS: The documents about SPR were extensively consulted, and the mechanisms, indications, contraindications, operative methods, muscular tension changes and complications after operation were reviewed. RESULTS: With the methods of SPR, I alpha fibers of afferent nerve were selectively amputated, reflex circle of spinal cord was locked, and the muscular tension was decreased, so myospasm was removed. The results after operation and incidence rate of complications were closely related to the indications. The therapeutic results were better when the percent of spinal nerve rhizotomy was less than 50%. CONCLUSION: It is a good method for the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy.
Cerebral Palsy↗
[A study on maillard reaction and its products during processing of red ginseng].
OBJECTIVE: To isolate and identify maltol and maltol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside and argininyl-fructosyl-glucoside in red ginseng, and prove that they are products of processing through comparative analysis and artificial synthesis of different products of ginseng. METHOD: Column chromatography, spectral analysis, TLC-scanning quantification, amino acid analysis and artificial synthesis on simulated conditions. RESULT: Maltol and its glycoside are peculiar components in red ginseng, and the content of argininyl-fructosyl-glucoside in red ginseng the product of processing is three times higher than that of white ginseng. CONCLUSION: Maillard reaction exists in the processing of red ginseng, thus proper control of this reaction helps improve the quality red ginseng.
Arginine↗
[Intracerebral distribution of albumin after closed brain traumas].
Twenty cases of closed brain traumas were investigated immunohistochemically to detect intracerebral distribution of albumin. The brain contusions' areas were heavily stained in all cases, even in those of only 15 minutes' survival. Some neurons, nerve fibers, astrocytes and gitter cells of the softening area both nearby the contusion areas and far from the contusion areas, including thalamus, midbrain, pons and medulla, were also heavily stained in all cases. The marked immunoreactivity to albumin also took place in extravascular spaces, endothelial cells and membrane of red blood cells. The results suggested that immunohistochemical staining of albumin should be a sign of early brain trauma, inclusive of brainstem trauma. It is especially useful in the identification of brain traumas without bleeding.
Adolescent↗
[Histologic comparison of treating root surfaces with different acids].
OBJECTIVE: To study the healing mechanism of different etching agents for periodontitis-affected teeth in animal models. METHODS: The animal models of defect alveolar bone were prepared, and the isolated teeth with periodontitis were scaled according to periodontal surgery in vitro. After different acid acid-treatment, the dentin blocks were implanted into defect bones, then the results were examined histologically after 3, 7, 14, 28 days respectively. RESULTS: There was less inflammatory reaction in tetracycline group after operation. At the later stages, the healing in tetracycline group was characterized by osseointegration without resorption. But hydrochloric acid group and citric acid group showed different reactions. CONCLUSION: Periodontal tissue repair differs with the use of different acids.
Animals↗
[Phase variation in Salmonella typhimurium phagetype].
The phase variation of phagetype was observed in cultures of Salmonella typhimurium collected from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region during 1980-1993. A few cultures of phagetype 4774 or 4776(full type) may change into another phagetype, i.e. 4000(phase 1) or 0774 and 0776 (phase 2). In reverse, more strains of these phagetype 4000 and 0774(0776) easily back into their original phagetype 4774 or 4776. But some 4000(phase 1) can change to 0776(phase 2), and some 0774(phase 2) can also change to 4000(phase 1). Similarly, a few cultures of phagetype 7776(full type) can change to 7000(phase 1) or 0776(phase 2). More strains of these phagetype 7000(or 7002) and 0776 reverse easily to their original phagetype 7776 or 7774. The variability is 15.6% from full type to phase 1 or phase 2, and is 53.2% from phase 1 or phase 2 to full type. Understanding of phase variation of Salmonella typhimurium phagetype will be helpful to Salmonella phagetyping, and will be significance on epidemiological analysis of Salmonella infection.
Bacteriophage Typing↗
[Determination of trace zinc in milk using pulse nebulization atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique].
A rapid, diect, pulse nebulization method for the determination of trace zinc in milk by FAAS with model WYX-402A atomic absorption spectrometer is described. The influence of pulse nebulization volume, uptake rate of solution and other factors on the uptake signal has been discussed. The milk sample was diluted with 1.5% HCl solution. A 100 microL aliquot of the solution was then nebulied and the peak height of the transient output pulse was monitored. The result of the determination of the 1+4 diluted sample is in agreement with that of digested sample with HNO3-HClO4. The average recovery of 99.0% with relative standard deviation of 3.3% was achieved and the detection limit was 0.028 microg/mL. The method is simple, rapid, accurate and precise.
Animals↗