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Biomedical subjects

M Lindroth

Publications and source records attributed to M Lindroth.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Complement activation according to the alternate pathway by glass and plastic surfaces and its role in neutrophil adhesion.

C3-deposition, generated by complement activation according to the alternate pathway, was detected on borosilicate glass slides and polystyrene Petri dishes. The C3-depositions grew peripherally until the entire surface was covered. The deposits were also visualized with scanning electron microscopy and could not be washed away with low-pH (3.5) or high-pH (9.6) buffers. No consumption of complement function was detected indicating a phenomenon restricted to the glass and plastic surfaces. The C3-deposits could mediate an adherence of human neutrophils.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1984

Diuresis and urine concentration during CPAP in newborn infants.

The impact of continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) on diuresis and urine concentration was studied in newborn preterm infants with respiratory insufficiency with and without pulmonary X-ray changes. Urine output and osmolality, sodium balance and blood pressure were measured before, during and after CPAP application. In all infants urine osmolality rose and urine output decreased significantly when high CPAP (8 cm H2O) was applied, especially in infants without radiographic pulmonary changes. Three infants also developed hyponatremia at high CPAP levels. The results indicate that high CPAP levels per se may affect fluid balance inadvertently. Therefore fluid intake and urine output should be monitored closely during CPAP treatment.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1984

Intestinal absorption of vitamin E in low birth weight infants.

Intestinal absorption of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate was studied in low birth weight infants. Vitamin E was given from the first day of life, either as a water-soluble (Ephynal) or as a lipid-soluble preparation (E-vitamin). Serum-alpha-tocopherol concentrations were determined before treatment and on days three and seven. Treatment with both vitamin E preparations increased serum-alpha-tocopherol on day three and seven. The mean serum-alpha-tocopherol +/- SD on day seven were 41.4 +/- 10.7 mumol/l for the Ephynal group and 26.7 +/- 12.5 mumol/l for the E-vitamin group, this difference being statistically significant (p less than 0.025). Oral feeding seems to influence the absorption of tocopherol from E-vitamin, as the infants with the highest serum-alpha-tocopherol concentrations were those with the highest oral/total feeding ratios. In infants with birth weight less than 1 000 g treatment with 25 mg Ephynal/day was found to increase serum-alpha-tocopherol on day seven to 46.9 +/- 12.3 mumol/l (mean +/- SD). This concentration is comparable to those reported by others using higher doses of oral vitamin E.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Histamine release from mast cells during phagocytosis and interaction with activated neutrophils.

Histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells was evaluated during interaction with IgG, C3b-bi and Concanavalin A-opsonized yeast particles and activated neutrophils. In contrast to others we could show no phagocytic uptake of yeast particles attaching to Fc, or Concanavalin A receptors on the mast cell. Attached yeast particles opsonized with C3b/bi were also poorly ingested (less than 10% of the attached particles.) Neither could we detect any significant histamine release. If, however, neutrophils were added to the mast cell-yeast particle complex, histamine release was induced particularly in the presence of Concanavalin A-yeast. We furthermore showed that phorbol myristate acetate-activated neutrophils and eosinophils initiated mast cell degranulation and histamine release. This release is not dependent on myeloperoxidase, but on other oxidative metabolites, since myeloperoxidase-deficient neutrophils also induce histamine release. These experiments show that mast cells exposed to immune complexes and activated neutrophils or eosinophils may augment the inflammatory response.

Eosinophils↗
PubMed1983

The significance of group B streptococci in neonatal pneumonia.

Thirty-eight infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit because of pneumonia (14 patients) and pulmonary maladaption syndrome (PMA) (24 patients) were included in the study. Samples of potentially pathogenic, facultatively anaerobic bacteria were taken from the external ear, blood, throat, nasopharynx, umbilicus and gastric aspirates of the children, and from urethra and cervix of the mothers. Group B streptococci (GBS) and Escherichia coli were the only potentially pathogenic bacteria isolated from the infants. Out of 14 infants with pneumonia 11 (79%) harboured one of these bacteria, in contrast to 3 out of 24 (13%) with PMA (P less than 0.001). GBS was found in 8/14 infants with pneumonia and in 1/24 infants with PMA (P less than 0.001). The respective frequencies for Escherichia coli were 3/14 and 2/24 (not significant). The infant and/or the mother in 10/14 pneumonia cases harboured GBS, in contrast to 4/24 pairs in the PMA group (P less than 0.001). The levels of antibodies against GBS in sera of mothers to infants with pneumonia did not differ from the antibody levels in control sera (parturient GBS-carriers giving birth to healthy infants). The results gave evidence for an important manifestation of neonatal GBS-infection: pneumonia without septicemia. The incidence of the disease is estimated to be 1:25 parturient GBS-carriers. Finally, maternal fever, gestational age above 42 weeks, more severe respiratory difficulties and the occurrence of severe changes in fetal heart rate during the first stage of labour were found to be typical characteristics of pneumonia, as compared to PMA.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1983

Granulocyte-mediated release of histamine from mast cells. Effect of myeloperoxidase and its inhibition by antiinflammatory sulfone compounds.

During phagocytosis, neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes undergo metabolic activation and degranulation. This leads to accumulation of H2O2 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) or eosinophilic peroxidase (EPO) in the extracellular environment in inflammation. In the present investigation we show that the MPO-H2O2-halide system can degranulate isolated mast cells with release of histamine and 3H-serotonin. This is accomplished both in a system containing purified human MPO and in one containing phagocytosing neutrophils. When using purified MPO and a H2O2-generating system, the release was rapid, with 50% release after less than 20 min. The direct histamine release required less (0.65-2 micrograms/ml) MPO than did the release of 3H-serotonin (1-6 micrograms/ml). The release reaction was inhibited by azide, catalase but not superoxide dismutase. Studying the effect of the antiinflammatory sulfone compounds dapsone and sulfapyridine on the MPO-mediated histamine release, we show effective inhibition of the histamine release at concentrations of 0.025-0.2 mM of sulfone. 5-aminosalicylic acid exhibited some inhibition only in the cell-free system, whereas sulfasalazine was inactive. The antiinflammatory effect of dapsone in dermatitis herpetiformis and sulfasalazine in ulcerative colitis may in part be explained by their inhibitory effects on the granulocyte-mediated histamine release from mast cells in skin and mucosal tissue.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1983

Chest radiography and pulmonary mechanics in ventilator treated low birth weight infants.

Forty preterm infants treated with intermittent positive pressure ventilation were examined with chest radiography and tests of lung mechanics soon after ventilator treatment was completed and again 5 to 15 months later. The results of the two examination modalities were compared and related to occurrence of respiratory tract infection during the first years of life.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Growth in relation to protein intake of low birth weight infants.

In a prospective longitudinal study of 48 very low birth weight and preterm infants with mean birth weight 1385 +/- 343 g and gestational age 30.8 +/- 2.9 weeks an assessment was made of the impact of varying the protein intake in the postnatal period from the 3rd to 7th week of life. The infants were randomly allocated to one of three dietary groups with isocaloric energy supply but different protein content, i.e. human milk (1.6 g/100 kcal), formula 1 (2.3 g/100 kcal) and formula 2 (3.0 g/100 kcal). In the human milk group 12 of 18 infants were fed their own mother's breastmilk. During the study period the mean weight gain was slight higher in the infants fed formula. There were no group differences in S-albumin but B-urea-N and B-base deficit were significantly higher in formula-fed infants compared to infants fed human milk. After the study period that lasted to about 20 weeks of age the slope in weight gain remained slightly higher for formula fed infants, whereas the gain in body length and hear circumference was equal in all three groups. After around 8 months of age there was no difference in any growth parameter. Neurodevelopmental examinations showed no group differences during the follow-up period to 2 years of age. With few exceptions breastmilk-preferably from their own mothers-was adequate for both early and longterm growth and development of the very low birth weight infants in this population.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1982

A comparative study of varying protein intake in low birthweight infant feeding.

In a prospective longitudinal study of 48 very low birthweight and preterm infants with mean birthweight 1 385 +/- 343 and gestational age 30.8 +/- 2.9 w an assessment was made of the impact of varying the protein intake in the postnatal period from the 3rd to 7th week of life. The infants were randomly allocated to one of three dietary groups with isocaloric energy supply but different protein content--i.e. human milk (1.6 g/100 kcal), formula 1 (2.3 g/100 kcal) and formula 2 (3.0 g/100 kcal). In the human milk group 12 of 18 infants were fed their own mother's breastmilk. During the study period the mean weight gain was slightly higher in the infants fed formula 1 and 2. There were no group differences in S-albumin whereas B-urea-N and B-base deficit were significantly increased in the formula fed infants in comparison to infants fed human milk. After the study period until around 15 weeks of age the slope in weight gain remained slightly higher for formula fed infants. However, the gain in body length and head circumference was equal in all three groups. After around 8 months of age there was no difference in any growth parameter. Neurodevelopmental examinations showed no group differences during the follow-up period to 2 years of age.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1982

Brain-orientated intensive care treatment in severe neonatal asphyxia. Effects of phenobarbitone protection.

The effect of applying brain-orientated neonatal intensive care for term infants with severe neonatal asphyxia was studied. Such treatment included protective phenobarbitone administration together with assisted ventilation and other measures to counteract postasphyxial cerebral oedema and any abrupt changes in blood pressure and oxygenation. The mortality rate and incidence of long-term sequelae were reduced appreciably, resulting in a 0-1 year mortality rate of 14% (previously 50%) and an incidence of neurodevelopmental handicap at 18 months of 17% (previously 50%). It is important in the management of infants with severe asphyxia at birth to avoid blood pressure fluctuations and to control neuronal epileptic activity by the use of barbiturates and early ventilator treatment.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1982

Delivery and long-term outcome of very low birth weight infants.

The obstetric and the neonatal management of 72 infants weighing less than 1 500 g at birth were evaluated. Sixty per cent of the mothers were delivered by cesarean section. The neonatal mortality (27%) was equal in the cesarean section and the vaginally delivered groups, but intraventricular hemorrhage was a more frequent autopsy finding in the latter group. At follow-up, 88% of all surviving infants are neurologically normal at two years of age. Of the vaginally delivered infants, three suffered from cerebral palsy, but none in the cesarean section group. The present results reveal that an active management including cesarean section in the delivery of very low birth weight infants is justified and leads to a favorable prognosis.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1981

Pulmonary mechanics in early infancy. Subclinical grunting in low-birth-weight infants.

Pulmonary mechanics were studied with the constant pressure body plethysmography method in 78 infants during the first year of life. Registrations of breathing frequency, tidal volume, minute volume, dynamic compliance, pulmonary functional resistance, and end-expiratory resistance were made at rest and during carbon dioxide-induced hyperventilation. Data from 70 infants demonstrated strong correlations (p less than 0.001) between all pulmonary function parameters and length. Carbon dioxide-induced hyperventilation was achieved mainly by an increased tidal volume. Pulmonary functional resistance did not change with hyperventilation, indicating wider airways during forced ventilation. A special breathing pattern called "subclinical grunting" was found in 16 of 45 infants who were low birth weight but without clinical signs of hyaline membrane disease. The pattern was characterized by a high resistance during most of the prolonged expiration. It was identical to that previously described in cases of hyaline membrane diseases. All re-examined low-birth-weight infants with subclinical grunting developed a normal breathing pattern.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1980

Continuous positive airway pressure: modes of action in relation to clinical applications.

Some physical effects of CPAP are discussed, as are the various devices used for CPAP in infants. Some of the controversies about CPAP may be related to the unsuitability of certain techniques. Use in hyaline membrane disease, extrathoracic and intrathoracic airway obstruction, congestion of overperfusion of the lungs in diseases of the heart and great vessels, apnea repetens of immaturity, and phrenic nerve palsy is presented.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of mechanical ventilation in newborn infants. I. Techniques and survival rates.

The short-term outcome with survival rate, causes of death and neonatal complications in a 6-year material comprising 253 infants treated with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in the neonatal period has been analyzed in relation to different primary disorders necessitating IPPV treatment. The total survival rate was 53%. For the different diagnoses the survival rates were: hyaline membrane disease (HMD) 41%, apnoea repetens of immaturity 85%, severe birth asphyxia 46% and septicemia 59%. The total rate of pneumothorax during IPPV was 15% but occurred more often in the HMD group (28%). Trends in survival rates over the study period are discussed as are measurements for improvements.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of mechanical ventilation in newborn infants. II. Pulmonary and neuro-developmental sequelae in relation to original diagnosis.

The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and neuro-developmental sequelae in 135 infants surviving intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in the newborn period were studied in relation to primary disorders requiring IPPV. The rate of BPD increased over the 6-year study period in hyaline membrane disease survivors from 14% to 28%, but decreased in infants with apnoea repetens from 38% to 13%. Immaturity seemed to be one important factor for development of BPD. The incidence of neuro-developmental sequelae in IPPV treated infants fell from 22% to 13% over the years. In infants with birth weight below 1501 g the rate of neurological handicaps was 11%.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1980

Pulmonary mechanics, chest X-ray and lung disease after mechanical ventilation in low birth weight infants.

Pulmonary mechanics, chest X-ray and the incidence of clinical lung disease were studied in 41 low birth weight infants treated with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in the neonatal period. Shortly after IPPV most patients, irrespective of X-ray findings, had signs of lung damage reflected in low dynamic compliance or high pulmonary resistance. Both parameters, however, had a strong tendency towards normalization during the first year of life. Overdistention on chest X-ray was common at 6--12 months of age. Pneumonia and bronchitis were common during the first two years of life but subsided later on. Development of BPD or later respiratory disease were not correlated to treatment with high inspired oxygen concentrations but commonest in patients with hyaline membrane disease. The combined findings of pulmonary mechanics and chest X-ray shortly after IPPV were correlated to later clinical lung disease.

Bronchitis↗