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M Li

Publications and source records attributed to M Li.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Androgen hormone binding to adipose tissue in rats.

Nuclear binding of androgen was examined, using R 1881, a synthetic androgen. The amount of androgen-receptor complexes bound to isolated nuclei was determined in isolated adipocytes from the epididymal (Epi), retroperitoneal (Ret), inguinal (Ing) and mesenteric (Mes) adipose tissues from intact and castrated rats. The binding was specific and saturable with a Kd in the nanomolar range. Binding was examined after 2 days and after 1 and 2 weeks after castration, showing a higher binding in the Mes tissue in comparison with Ing at all time-points (P < 0.05). Mes adipocytes showed a trend (0.05 < P < 0.1) to up-regulate their binding capacity 2 days after castration, and a significant (P < 0.05) downregulation 2 weeks after castration. Two days after castration, R 1881 binding, expressed per mg triacylglycerol (TG), was generally higher in the Mes region (P < 0.05). This was not fully significant in comparison with Epi tissue in intact rats. When expressed per cell the differences were somewhat diminished, due to differences in cell sizes. Androgen binding showed a negative correlation with TG-uptake in vivo (r = 0.85, P < 0.01), suggesting that a higher density of androgen receptors leads to a more inhibited lipid uptake. In conclusion, a specific androgen receptor was demonstrated in adipose tissue in rat, showing regional differences and a negative correlation with the lipid accumulation of the tissue.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1995

X microchromosome with additional chromosome anomalies found in Ullrich-Turner syndrome.

Using standard cytogenetic methods coupled with molecular techniques, the following karyotype mos 45,X/46,XXq+/46,X+mar (X)/47,XXq+,+mar(X), was identified in a patient with Ullrich-Turner syndrome (UTS). High-resolution banding (n = 650) of the metaphase chromosomes yielded a breakpoint at q28 on the Xq+ rearranged chromosome. FISH was used to determine the presence of Y-containing DNA in the Xq+ and the mar(X) chromosomes. The following molecular probes were used: DYZ1, DYZ3, and spectrum orange WCP Y. The lack of specific hybridization of these probes was interpreted as a low risk of gonadoblastoma in this patient. Using X-chromosome- and centromere-specific probes, FISH demonstrated the presence of hybridizing material on both rearranged chromosomes, the Xq+ and mar(X). Finally, we determined that the mar(X) and Xq+ chromosomes contained telomeres in the absence of any interstitial telomeric hybridizing material. A micro-X chromosome is present in this UTS patient. Delineation of events leading toward the mechanisms responsible for the multiple DNA rearrangements required to generate the micro-X and Xq+ chromosomes awaits future studies.

Centromere↗
PubMed1995

Purification and characterization of two potent heat-stable protein inhibitors of protein phosphatase 2A from bovine kidney.

Two heat-stable protein inhibitors of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), tentatively designated I1PP2A and I2PP2A, have been purified to apparent homogeneity from extracts of bovine kidney. The purified preparations of I1PP2A exhibited an apparent M(r) approximately 30,000 and 250,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel permeation chromatography on Sephacryl S-300, respectively. In contrast, the purified preparations of I2PP2A exhibited an apparent M(r) approximately 20,000 and 80,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel permeation chromatography on Sephacryl S-200, respectively. The purified preparations of I1PP2A and I2PP2A inhibited PP2A with 32P-labeled myelin basic protein, 32P-labeled histone H1, 32P-labeled pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, 32P-labeled phosphorylase, and protamine kinase as substrates. By contrast, I1PP2A and I2PP2A exhibited little effect, if any, on the activity of PP2A with 32P-labeled casein, and did not prevent the autodephosphorylation of PP2A in incubations with the autophosphorylation-activated protein kinase [Guo, H., & Damuni, Z. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 2500-2504]. The purified preparations of I1PP2A and I2PP2A had little effect, if any, on the activities of protein phosphatase 1, protein phosphatase 2B, protein phosphatase 2C, and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase. With 32P-labeled MBP as a substrate, kinetic analysis according to Henderson showed that I1PP2A and I2PP2A were noncompetitive and displayed a Ki of about 30 and 25 nM, respectively. Following cleavage with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, I1PP2A and I2PP2A displayed distinct peptide patterns, indicating that these inhibitor proteins are the products of distinct genes. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the purified preparations indicate that I1PP2A and I2PP2A are novel proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

K(+)-ribosome interactions determine the large enhancements of 39K NMR transverse relaxation rates in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli K-12.

As a probe of physical chemical properties of the intracellular environment, we measured 39K NMR transverse relaxation rates in concentrated cell slurries of Escherichia coli K-12 grown in minimal medium over a range of osmolarities (from 0.1 to 1.0 OsM) and after plasmolysis. The 39K transverse relaxation at a resonance frequency of approximately 18.67 MHz is biexponential under all conditions, and 100% of the expected signal intensity is detected. Both components of the 39K NMR transverse relaxation are very fast, and the difference between the fast and slow relaxation rates is very large compared to previous measurements on 23Na and 39K in protein and nucleic acid solutions in vitro. The 39K transverse relaxation rates decrease as the osmolarity of the growth media increases but increase dramatically when cells grown in 0.1 OsM media are plasmolyzed at 1.0 OsM. The homogeneous nature and the 100% visibility of the 39K signal indicate the existence of fast exchange among the multiple, magnetically distinguishable populations of 39K which probably exist in the cytoplasm. The absence of static quadrupolar splitting of the cytoplasmic 39K signal (as indicated by a single peak in the spectrum) indicates that the cytoplasm, as probed by 39K NMR, behaves like a concentrated but isotropic nucleic acid solution rather than an anisotropic nucleic acid liquid crystal. To understand the origins of the striking NMR relaxation behavior of 39K in viable cells, we have investigated NMR transverse relaxation rates of 39K (and also 23Na and 35Cl) in E. coli 50S and 70S ribosome solutions in vitro. At concentrations of ions and of ribosomes that to the extent possible mimic those of the cytoplasm of E. coli, we find that 39K, 23Na, and 35Cl transverse relaxation rates all exhibit biexponential behavior, and 39K and 23Na exhibit the large magnitudes and the large difference between the slow and the fast relaxation rates observed in viable cells. These polyanionic ribosome solutions are the only in vitro model system discovered to date that exhibits 39K transverse relaxation rates comparable to those in viable cells. We conclude that K(+)-ribosome interactions are the dominant source of the NMR properties of K+ in E. coli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Cytoplasm↗
PubMed1995

Effects of testosterone on triglyceride uptake and mobilization in different adipose tissues in male rats in vivo.

The effects of testosterone (T) on uptake and mobilization of orally administered triglyceride were examined in male rats. In order to attempt to explain regional differences, adipose tissue metabolism was studied in vivo. (U-14 C) oleic acid in sesame oil was given by gastric gavage to male, sham operated, castrated and castrated + T substituted rats, and accumulation and half-life of radioactivity measured. In castrated rats in comparisons with sham-operated and castrated + T rats, serum T was absent, and body weight lower (p < 0.05 or 0.01), but adipocytes in retroperitoneal and mesenteric tissues became significantly heavier. Radioactivity (dpm/mg triglyceride) was higher, in retroperitoneal tissue at 4 hours, 7, 30 days, and in mesenteric tissue at 4 hours, and at 30 and 60 days after oral label administration (0.1 > p > 0.05 or p < 0.05), no differences were seen in epididymal or inguinal depots at 4 hours. When radioactivity was expressed per adipocyte, the castrated group showed significantly higher radioactivity when compared to sham and castrated + T groups at 7 and 30 days in retroperitoneal and at 60 days in mesenteric adipocytes (p < 0.05 or 0.01). Half life (T 1/2) of radioactivity was longer in mesenteric tissue in the castrated rats than the other two groups (sham group, 33 days +/- 2; castrated group, 58 days +/- 6; and castrated + T group, 39 days +/- 3, p < 0.05), but there were no differences between groups in retroperitoneal adipose tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1995

Triglyceride uptake in muscles in rats.

Exogenous lipid is assimilated with different priorities in adipose tissue regions and varies in the fasting and fed conditions. The quantitative role of uptake of lipid in muscle has not been evaluated. In order to examine the uptake in other than adipose tissues, U14C-oleic acid in sesame oil was administered orally to conscious rats, and lipid label measured after different times in serum, heart, liver, mesenteric, retroperitoneal, inguinal and epididymal fat pads, as well as in red and white parts of gastrocnemius, extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles. Lipid uptake in total adipose tissue was calculated from dissected adipose tissues plus lipids extracted from the eviscerated, skinned carcass. Lipid uptake in total muscle tissue was estimated from label in dissected muscles plus that in the carcass, assuming similar intracellular lipid contents and radioactivity as that averaged from dissected muscles. Lipid uptake in the liver was calculated from directly extracted lipid. Four hours after lipid administration to fed rats lipid radioactivity in heart and serum was minimal and had essentially disappeared at 8 hours. Liver label declined rapidly from peak values at or before 4 hours. Adipose tissue radioactivity increased gradually up to 16 hours and then decreased. Label in muscles was highest at 4 hours in the red gastrocnemius, and then decreased, while the other muscles showed a constant radioactivity over the observation period (24 hours). Radioactivity expressed per unit muscle mass seemed to be proportional to the oxidative capacity of muscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1995

Prostaglandin E2 administration prevents bone loss induced by orchidectomy in rats.

The objects of this study were to investigate whether prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can prevent orchidectomy (ORX)-induced cancellous bone loss in growing male rats, and to determine the differential effects of PGE2 on sham-operated (sham) and ORX male rats. Fourteen-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into groups of basal, vehicle-treated sham, PGE2-treated sham, vehicle-treated ORX, and PGE2-treated ORX rats for either 3 or 9 weeks. PGE2 was given at 6 mg/kg body weight daily by subcutaneous injection. Static and dynamic cancellous bone histomorphometry were performed on double-fluorescent labeled undecalcified proximal tibial metaphyseal sections. No effect was observed by ORX on body weight or longitudinal bone growth rate when compared with sham-operated controls. However, androgen deficiency caused significant increases in percent eroded perimeter, mineral apposition rate, and bone turnover (bone-volume-referent-bone formation rate), which resulted in a significant decrease in trabecular bone number, increase in trabecular separation, and a nonsignificant decrease in trabecular bone area by 3 weeks of ORX. After 9 weeks of ORX, trabecular bone area and number were significantly decreased, and trabecular separation, percent eroded perimeter, and the index of bone turnover (bone-volume-referent-bone formation rate) remained significantly increased while the index of bone formation (tissue-volume-referent-bone formation rate) was nonsignificantly decreased when compared with sham controls. When 6 mg PGE2/kg/day was given for 3 and 9 weeks, similar anabolic effects were observed in sham and ORX rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aging↗
PubMed1995

Human parathyroid hormone-(1-38) restores cancellous bone to the immobilized, osteopenic proximal tibial metaphysis in rats.

The purpose of this study was to determine if human parathyroid hormone-(1-38) (hPTH(1-38)) can restore cancellous bone mass to the established osteopenic, immobilized proximal tibial metaphyses of female rats. The right hindlimbs of 6-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were immobilized by bandaging the right hindlimbs to the abdomen. After 30 days of right hindlimb immobilization, the rats were subcutaneously injected with 200 micrograms hPTH(1-38)/kg/day for 15 days (short-term treatment) or 75 days (longer-term treatment). Static bone histomorphometry was performed on the primary spongiosa, and both static and dynamic histomorphometry were performed on the secondary spongiosa of the right proximal tibial metaphyses. Immobilization for 30 days without treatment decreased trabecular bone area, number, and thickness in both primary and secondary spongiosa, and induced an increase in eroded perimeter and a decrease in tissue referent-bone formation rate in the secondary spongiosa. These changes reached a new steady state thereafter. Treatment with 200 micrograms hPTH(1-38)/kg/day for 15 days, beginning 30 days after immobilization, significantly increased trabecular bone area, thickness, and number in both primary and secondary spongiosa despite continuous immobilization when compared with controls. The short-term PTH treatment (15 days) significantly increased labeling perimeter, mineral apposition rate, and tissue referent-bone formation rate in the secondary spongiosa and stimulated longitudinal bone growth as compared with the controls. Longer PTH treatment (75 days) further increased trabecular bone area, thickness, and number as compared with controls and groups given short-term PTH treatment (15 days). The bone formation indices in the secondary spongiosa of the longer-term treated rats were lower than those of the short-term treated group, but they were still higher than those of controls. Our findings indicate that PTH treatment stimulates cancellous bone formation, and restores and adds extra cancellous bone to the established, disuse-osteopenic proximal tibial metaphysis of female rats with continuously immobilized right hindlimbs. These results suggest that PTH may be useful in treating disuse-induced osteoporosis in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

A comparison of the anabolic effects of parathyroid hormone at skeletal sites with moderate and severe osteopenia in aged ovariectomized rats.

Previous studies have shown that parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates bone formation and completely restores lost cancellous bone at skeletal sites with moderate osteopenia in relatively young ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The current study was designed to determine whether PTH has similar bone anabolic effects in aged OVX rats and to compare the bone restorative response to PTH at skeletal sites with moderate and severe osteopenia. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sham surgery or bilateral ovariectomy at 3 months of age and maintained untreated for the first year after surgery to allow for the development of moderate vertebral osteopenia and severe tibial osteopenia in OVX rats. Groups of baseline control and OVX rats were sacrificed at the end of this pretreatment period. The remaining OVX rats were then treated for 10 weeks with vehicle, antiresorptive agents alone (estrogen, the bisphosphonate risedronate, or calcitonin) or PTH alone. Other groups of OVX rats were treated concurrently with PTH and each of the antiresorptive agents. As expected, the proximal tibia of baseline OVX rats exhibited severe cancellous osteopenia, whereas the first lumbar vertebral body was moderately osteopenic. Treatment of OVX rats with antiresorptive agents alone failed to restore cancellous bone at both skeletal sites, whereas treatment with PTH alone markedly stimulated bone formation and completely restored lost cancellous bone in the lumbar vertebra. PTH also stimulated bone formation and in the severely osteopenic proximal tibia of OVX rats but only marginally restored lost cancellous bone, possibly due to an inadequate number of bone spicules to serve as a foundation for new bone formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aging↗
PubMed1995

Conditional gene expression in secretory tissues and skin of transgenic mice using the MMTV-LTR and the tetracycline responsive system.

Molecular mechanisms of development and disease can be studied in transgenic animals. Controlling the spatial and temporal expression patterns of transgenes, however, is a prerequisite for the elucidation of gene function in the whole organism. Previously we reported that mice carrying a tetR/VP16 hybrid gene (tTA), under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early 1 (HCMV-IE1) gene promoter, can be used to temporally activate the expression of transgenes under the control of a promoter containing tetop sequences. We now show that the MMTV-LTR can be used to target expression of tTA to the epithelial cells of secretory organs and skin in transgenic mice. Notably, nearly uniform expression of a tetop-lacZ transgene was found in seminal vesicle, salivary gland, and Leydig cells of mice carrying also the MMTV-tTA transgene. More heterogeneous patterns of gene expression were observed in mammary epithelial cells and basal cells of the epidermis. Different MMTV-tTA lines had comparable tissue expression patterns. Transcriptional activation mediated by tTA was up to several hundredfold, and it was abrogated after the administration of tetracycline. The MMTV-tTA mice established in this work will be useful for experiments examining the roles of biological factors at defined developmental stages in the epithelial cells of salivary gland, seminal vesicle, mammary gland, and skin and the Leydig cells of testes. In addition, in combination with the CRE/lox recombination system, these mice wil be useful to achieve gene deletions at defined time points in these organs.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1995

Antiprogestins inhibit growth and stimulate differentiation in the normal mammary gland.

Antiprogestins possess a potent antitumor activity in hormone-dependent experimental breast cancer models. Though the underlying mechanism is not clear, induction of functional differentiation seems to be a major event. This study attempts to test directly for antiproliferative and differentiation promoting activities of antiprogestins on the normal mammary gland. To this end, whole organ cultures of mammary glands from estradiol/progesterone-primed virgin mice maintained in a serum-free medium with aldosteron, prolactin, insulin, and hydrocortisone were exposed to the antiprogestin ZK114043. A 4-day treatment of organ cultures led to a strong inhibition of epithelial DNA synthesis. In parallel, ZK114043 caused alveolar cells to acquire a more differentiated phenotype distinguished by secretory active alveoli composed of single cell layers with increased fat droplet accumulation and enhanced expression of the milk proteins beta-casein and whey acidic protein (WAP). Particularly strong effects were found on the expression of mammary-derived growth inhibitor (MDGI). Both half-maximal inhibition of epithelial DNA synthesis and stimulation of MDGI mRNA expression were found at about 5 ng/ml of ZK114043. Presence in the medium of 5 micrograms/ml hydrocortisone rendered antiglucocorticoid effects of ZK114043 highly unlikely. Furthermore, prevention of action of ZK114043 by the progesterone agonist R5020 and ZK114043 stimulated expression of beta-casein and MDGI mRNA in cultured glands of 10-week-old unprimed virgin mice suggest a progesterone receptor-mediated mechanism of antiprogestin action. Two other antiprogestins, Mifepristone and Onapristone, likewise stimulated MDGI expression. The data provide direct evidence that antiprogestins act like a differentiation factor in the normal mammary gland.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Primary sensory neurons in X-linked recessive bulbospinal neuropathy: histopathology and androgen receptor gene expression.

Pathology of the primary sensory neurons was examined in 7 autopsied patients and 6 biopsied sural nerves from the patients with X-linked recessive bulbospinal neuronopathy (SBMA). Large myelinated fibers in the central rami (L-4 posterior root, L-4, T-7, and C-6 segment of the fasciculus gracilis), and in the peripheral rami (sural nerve) were diminished in a distally accentuated manner, while small myelinated and unmyelinate fibers were well preserved in number. Demylinating process and axonal atrophy was ubiquitous. The diameter frequency histograms of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons showed a decrease in the number of large diameter neurons and an increase in the number of small diameter neurons without substantial loss of whole number of neurons, which suggested that neuronal size was atrophied. These data suggested central and peripheral distal axonopathy with neuronal atrophy was the process of sensory neuron involvement. Expression of mutant androgen receptor mRNA with elongated CAG repeat in the DRG and sural nerve supported the view that sensory nerve involvement is the primary process in SBMA.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Introduction of wild-type p53 gene downregulates the expression of H-ras gene and suppresses the growth of bladder cancer cells.

Retroviral vectors were used to introduce the wild-type p53 gene into human bladder cancer cell lines BIU-87 and EJ, which express endogenous wt-p53 gene and have a mutation in H-ras gene. The expression of the exogenous wt-p53 gene in cells suppresses the growth of the bladder cancer cells in standard culture and in soft agar and blocks the cell cycle progression in G1. The BIU-87 and EJ cells developed tumors with average volumes of 6.53 cm3 and 6.61 cm3 in nude mice in 9 weeks after inoculation, while the cells transduced with wt-p53 gene failed to form tumors. The expression of H-ras gene in bladder cancer cells was reduced at mRNA level. These results suggest that the overexpression of the wt-p53 gene suppresses the expression of mutant H-ras gene and inhibits the tumor cell growth in vivo and in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The influence of intracellular cAMP on T cell proliferation.

The role of AC-cAMP-PKA signal system in T cell activation was investigated by lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by anti-CD3 McAb. The results indicated that AC, cAMP and PKA play important roles in determining the responses of lymphocytes to the stimulation. Activation of AC and increase of intracellular cAMP could obviously decrease lymphocyte proliferation, and lymphocyte DNA synthesis was increased to some extent by the pretreatment of PKI.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1995

Changes in body fluid markers in intestinal ischemia.

New Zealand rabbits were assigned randomly to three groups: sham operation, intestinal simple obstruction, and strangulation obstruction. To relate possible changes in the body fluid content of biochemical markers to the strangulation process, subsequent samples of blood and peritoneal fluid, for the determination of levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactic acid (LA), xanthine oxidase (XO), and inorganic phosphate (IP), were obtained at 1-, 2-, 4-, and 6-hour intervals, and intestinal histological specimens were graded blindly. Significant increases in plasma LA (3.93 +/- 0.26 v 2.99 +/- 0.37; P < .05), peritoneal LA (5.03 +/- 1.14 V 3.33 +/- 0.86; P < .05), and CK (940 +/- 146 v 772 +/- 165, P < .05) occurred after 1 hour of ischemic injury. Except for serum CK, all parameters in the blood and peritoneal fluid in group 3 were markedly elevated within 4 hours. The serum CK remained almost unchanged throughout the 6-hour study period. The results suggest that plasma LA, peritoneal LA, and CK are sensitive indicators in the early diagnosis of bowel ischemia; the determination of both serum and peritoneal XO and IP was also helpful for early diagnosis; in contrast, serum CK was not a useful indicator. The value of any biochemical marker as an early diagnostic tool for intestinal ischemia depends not only on its quantity but also on its location and mechanism of release.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Dynamic characteristics of prosthetic heart valves.

The relation between flow rate (Q) and transvalvular pressure-drop (DP) is of fundamental importance for a prosthetic heart valve tested in steady flow conditions. The Q-DP plot can thus be called the static characteristic of the valve. While in pulsatile flow, with time (t) as a parameter, the instantaneous Q(t)-DP(t) relation can also be obtained. The Q-DP relation forms a phase graph on an X-Y plane during a whole cardiac cycle, and can be regarded as the dynamic characteristic, which to our knowledge has never been systematically explored before. With in vitro experiment the Q(t)-DP(t) relations are presented for five different aortic valves. Properly modelling the characteristics of heart valves is a key link in modelling the interactions between the ventricle and arterial system. Treatments for valves, such as diode analogue and orifice area assumption governed by the Gorlin formula, are found unsatisfactory. A simple one-dimensional flow equation is used to further examine the Q-DP graph, and both the dynamic resistance characteristic and the dynamic flow characteristic can be obtained. It is found that the dynamic characteristic differs from the static one not only in the inertance effect but also in the transient process, which can be quite energy-consuming and therefore important. Geometric relations of these phase graphs with the transvalvular power loss are discussed. The method of dynamic characteristics provides a new way to evaluate the performance of a tested valve.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed1995

Response of femoral neck to estrogen depletion and parathyroid hormone in aged rats.

Female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated at 3 months of age and maintained untreated for 1 year after surgery. Baseline control and OVX rats were killed at the beginning of treatment when the rats were 15 months of age and 1 year postovariectomy. The remaining rats were treated with hPTH 1-34 (80 micrograms/kg BW, 5 days/week) or vehicle for 10 weeks. Quantitative bone histomorphometry was performed on undecalcified longitudinal sections of the proximal femur from each rat. Baseline OVX rats exhibited cancellous and cortical osteopenia at the femoral neck as their mean cancellous bone volume and cortical width were significantly decreased compared to the means for baseline control rats. In addition, baseline OVX rats had increased osteoblast and osteoclast surfaces and a greater cancellous bone formation rate than baseline control rats. OVX rats remained osteopenic with no further bone loss from the femoral neck after 10 weeks of vehicle treatment. In contrast, cancellous bone volume and cortical width in OVX rats treated with PTH were increased to the level of vehicle-treated control rats. The hormone restored lost bone in the femoral neck of OVX rats by markedly stimulating both cancellous and cortical bone formation. These histomorphometric findings in concert with recent biomechanical studies of bone strength indicate that the femoral neck of aged OVX rats is a promising sample site for studies of the prevention and treatment of bone loss induced by estrogen depletion.

Analysis of Variance↗