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Biomedical subjects

M Levy

Publications and source records attributed to M Levy.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Cystic renal diseases in children.

Renal cysts are present in a wide variety of renal diseases, including those having a dysplastic nature and those of genetic origin. Genetic counseling requires clear differentiation between these types of cysts. This concept has made the classification of Potter useless because of the confusion it introduces between inherited diseases and developmental abnormalities. According to this classification, type I corresponds to autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (RPKD), type II to multicystic dysplasia, type III to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (DPKD), and type IV to cystic dysplasia associated with urethral obstruction. The term "polycystic kidney disease" should be reserved for two hereditary cystic diseases, RPKD and DPKD, which are clearly distinct both by their modes of inheritance and by their pathologic characteristics. Both forms of polycystic disease may occur in children, but because the recessive form is much more prevalent, it is commonly called the "infantile form," whereas dominant polycystic disease is commonly known as the "adult form." The pediatric expression of these two forms and the problems of differential diagnosis will be examined.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Tangential-radial traction suturing technique for intrascleral foreign material implantation.

We used an intrascleral implantation technique to anchor a keratoprosthesis in the limbal sclera of 22 rabbits' eyes. The tangential-radial traction used in this procedure enabled multivectorial traction forces to be applied while maintaining a tight junction between the biological tissue and the foreign material. During 29 weeks of follow-up there was no postoperative leakage, no cataracts developed, and the anterior chamber was maintained in all the eyes at all times. No ocular infection developed in any eye during the first postoperative month. The compound-force traction used in this procedure may prove useful in other areas of ocular surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Epidemiologic survey of bovine diseases in Suriname.

A seroepidemiologic survey of cattle diseases was undertaken in Suriname in 1985 to help assess the livestock disease situation in that country. The six diseases covered by the survey were bovine coronavirus infection, bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine virus diarrhea, brucellosis, parainfluenza-3 infection, and respiratory syncytial virus infection. The results indicated relatively low prevalences of these diseases compared to the prevalences found in most developed countries. The reasons for this are uncertain, but the finding suggests that the cattle population in Suriname could lack extensive exposure to these diseases and so could be highly susceptible to them. In addition, the evident need for more thoroughgoing survey data points up the need to establish a continuous animal data health monitoring system in Suriname--as well as in other developing countries where there is a need to objectively assess the livestock disease picture.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Surgical removal of echocardiographically detected multiple pedunculated and mobile left ventricular thrombi in acute myocardial infarction.

Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed at least three left ventricular mural thrombi in a 59-year-old man with acute anterior myocardial infarction. The thrombi, which had highly mobile pedunculated elements, were attached to the septo-apical wall and protruded into the left ventricular cavity. In spite of the lack of a clinical event but in view of the potential risk of embolization, surgical removal of the thrombi was performed on the 16th day of hospitalization.

Echocardiography↗
PubMed1989

[Familial cases of Berger's disease or of Berger's disease and rheumatoid purpura. Cooperative study of the Société Française de Néphrologie].

Several instances of familial Berger's disease have been reported and suggested the possible role of genetic factors in the etiology of the disease. In order to show that familial cases are not a rare finding, a french cooperative study was initiated. It revealed 34 families with 2 or 3 relatives with biopsy-proven Berger's disease. The male predominance (77%) as well as the severity of the evolution (12 out of 69 patients in terminal renal failure) in this series of familial cases are similar to those found in isolated cases. However, the young age at onset (47% being 16 years old or less) deserves to be noted. The number of familial cases is perhaps higher since 90 other families with one patient with Berger's disease and relatives either having urinary abnormalities or terminal renal failure were collected. Although in many of these last patients, clinicians strongly suspected Berger's disease, this diagnosis could not be proven in the absence of immunofluorescent study. This cooperative study has shown that two different glomerular diseases could be encountered in the same family. The association of Henoch-Schönlein purpura and Berger's disease was noted in 4 of these 34 families as well in 11 other and may represent a supplementary argument in favor of a relationship between the two diseases. However, the multiple occurrence of cases in a family may be due to chance or may be the consequence of common environmental factors and does not demonstrate the presence of genetic factors. The use of genetic markers in the families would be helpful to prove the role of these factors in Berger's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Validation of a heart rate monitor with children in laboratory and field settings.

The validity of the Sport Tester PE 3000 portable heart rate monitor for use with children was assessed by comparing readings with simultaneously recorded ECG heart rates in three studies, two using laboratory tasks and one in a field setting. Study 1 examined the validity of the Sport Tester with a sample of ten 10-yr-olds performing a cycle ergometer exercise task. Sport Tester readings taken during three 3-min exercise loads were correlated from 0.97 to 0.99 with simultaneously recorded ECG heart rates. In study 2, 23 children from 4 to 6 yr of age performed treadmill exercise for three 1-min intervals while Sport Tester and ECG heart rate data were obtained. Correlations for the three intervals ranged from 0.94 to 0.99. Study 3 obtained ECG and Sport Tester heart rates in 14 7- to 9-yr-olds who engaged in 3-min periods of standing, walking, jogging, throwing a ball, batting a ball, and playing on a jungle gym. Significant correlations of at least 0.98 between Sport Tester and ECG heart rates were obtained during all six activities. For all three studies, standard errors of estimate were low, ranging from 1.1 to 3.7 beats.min-1. For individuals, maximum differences ranged from 0 to 12.4 beats.min-1. Collectively, these findings indicate that the Sport Tester provides valid readings of young children's heart rates across a wide range of exercise involving upper- and lower-body movements.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Antibiotic prophylaxis in cardiac surgery in France].

Prophylactic administration of antibiotics in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is now an established procedure. The interest of a short prophylaxis (less then 48 h), directed mainly against Gram positive cocci has been demonstrated. However, there is no general agreement as to the agent to be used. We thus conducted a survey of the current practice of antibiotic prophylaxis (ABP) by sending a detailed questionnaire to each of the 51 centers performing cardiac surgery in France. 48 replies (94%) were received. Monotherapy was used in 42 centers, with cephalosporins in 41 (cefamandole: 22, cefazolin: 10, cefuroxime: 4, cephalothin: 3, cefotiam: 2) and with minocycline in one center. Six centers used a combination including aminoglycoside. Mean duration of ABP was 1.8 +/- 1.2 d. First dose of antibiotic was given before cardiopulmonary (C-P) bypass intravenously. In 29 centers, AB was injected into the C-P pump. Mean dosage of cephalosporin before surgery was 25 mg/kg and total dosage was 70 mg/kg/24 h. We conclude that cephalosporins are almost exclusively chosen in France contrasting with other european countries such as the United Kingdom where the most used regimen is a combination of penicillinase-resistant penicillin and an aminoglycoside.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1988

A critical assessment of the width coefficient, K, as an indicator of nutritional status.

The width coefficient, K, was assessed critically to examine its underlying assumptions, its relationship to absolute dimensions of body size, and its ability to identify children classified as malnourished by internationally accepted criteria. The scientific integrity of the formula to calculate K depended on the assumption that the body could be viewed as a cylinder with a density of 1.0 g/ml. The empirical testing of the former assumption showed that the body could not be viewed as a cylinder and papers describing body density suggest that age and sex dependency militate against the acceptance of an age- and sex-independent value of 1.0 g/ml. As an indicator of nutritional status K performed well in that it identified children below 75% of weight for age, but it could only identify 47% of children below 90% weight for height. The relative complexity of its calculation and interpretation militate against the use of K as an indicator of malnutrition for the general health worker, but its ability to identify moderately malnourished children by weight for age gives it credibility in the absence of an age assessment.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1988

Major upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Relation to the use of aspirin and other nonnarcotic analgesics.

In a hospital-based case-control study, the risk of a first episode of major upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in subjects now known to be predisposed was assessed in relation to the use of nonnarcotic analgesics. For aspirin use within the week before the onset of symptoms, the rate ratio estimates, adjusted for potential confounding, were 15 (95% confidence interval, 6.4 to 34) for regular use (at least four days a week) and 5.6 (confidence interval, 2.7 to 12) for occasional use. For aspirin use discontinued at least one week earlier, the estimate was 1.6 (confidence interval, 0.6 to 4.2). There was no evidence that acetaminophen use increased the risk. For the regular use of other analgesics in the week before onset, the adjusted rate ratio estimate was 9.1 (confidence interval, 2.7 to 31); there were insufficient data to evaluate occasional use. The findings suggest that the risk of bleeding is increased substantially by aspirin, even when used occasionally. With the exception of acetaminophen, other nonnarcotic analgesics may also increase the risk, but they remain to be evaluated individually.

Acetaminophen↗