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Biomedical subjects

M Leonardi

Publications and source records attributed to M Leonardi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

High-dose contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) with iopamidol in the detection of cerebral metastases. Tolerance of the contrast agent.

Intravenously administered iodinated contrast media have been demonstrated, since early experience with computed tomography of the brain, to improve clinical value of the procedure for detecting intracranial lesions. There is no universal agreement about the amount and the method of administration of the contrast medium. Many authors maintain that the use of large doses gives better results for the diagnosis of tumors and metastases. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the tolerance of iopamidol administered by rapid intravenous infusion in a large number of patients undergoing contrast enhanced computed tomography to detect brain metastases. The authors examined 969 consecutive adult patients suffering from lung cancer, brain metastases have been detected in 17% of cases. Adverse reactions to contrast media occurred in 3 patients. Non ionic contrast media are recommended in this diagnostic procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Computed tomography.

Lacunes consist of small vascular lesions with a volume of between 2 and about 30 mm. These lacunar infarctions are determined by an ischemia caused by obstructive diseases of small terminal vessels in the deep areas of the brain. While magnetic resonance currently appears to be a more sensitive diagnostic tool than computed tomography (CT) as far as research into small cerebral lesions is concerned, CT still remains a very valid and more convenient instrument for the screening of these quite frequent pathologies.

Cerebral Infarction↗
PubMed1988

Dynamic ultrasonography of capsulo-ligamentous knee joint traumas.

Ultrasonography was performed on 10 patients with acute posttraumatic conditions of the knee in which X-ray films could exclude the presence of fractures. In 2 of 10 cases, the sonographic picture was normal; in the remaining 8 patients, ultrasonography disclosed capsulo-ligamentous lesions of different degrees of severity that were confirmed by surgery in 5 of 8 cases. The main sonographic signs of articular traumas were abnormal widening of the joint space (7 cases), intra-articular hemorrhage (8 cases), rupture of the medial collateral ligament (4 cases), or irregularity of its structure (3 cases). Ultrasonography is proposed as an effective and simple first-line method for the study of knee joint traumas. It can be performed in all cases presenting with painful joint swelling without radiographical evidence of fractures.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Iopamidol 150. A low iodine content non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium for CT myelocisternography.

Results of a clinical trial in CT myelocisternography performed with a new reduced concentration of iopamidol (150 mg I/ml) are reported. This compound is characterized by very low osmolality and osmotic pressure close to those of blood and CSF. Thirty patients were examined. Before, during and after the procedure pulse rate and blood pressure were recorded, EEG was taken and neurologic examination performed. After the examination no alteration in these parameters was recorded. The demonstration of the subarachnoid space and related structures was invariably adequate for diagnosis. In no case was a repeat study using a higher concentration of contrast medium needed. Mild reactions occurred only in three patients (10%). The authors conclude that iopamidol 150, owing to its safety and good imaging capacity, is useful in CT imaging of the subarachnoid space.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Computed tomography of the lumbar spine. Experience with an Expert System in computer aided diagnosis.

The authors report their experience in the formulation of an Expert System for computer aided diagnosis in the examination of the lumbar spine with computed tomography. A large number of steps are identified in the process of diagnostic evaluation of CT examinations; about 80 decisional rules are considered and arranged in five 'areas'. The Expert System under study is a first proposal, intended for use by radiologists with some basic training.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1986

Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumours.

The diagnosis of soft tissue tumours by the traditional instrumental methods often creates problems. Indeed, it is fairly difficult to make an accurate pre-operative diagnosis of a neoplasm of the soft tissues. The authors therefore employed ultrasonography to investigate 29 soft tissue tumours. They consider that ultrasonic assessment can make a valuable contribution to diagnosis in this type of pathology and provide information about the benign or malignant character of the neoplasm.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Acid-base balance during biofiltration (BF).

Acid base balance during biofiltration (BF): Six patients on standard acetate hemodialysis (HD) were switched to BF with 1 m2 AN69-S membrane, 12 hours weekly (BF-4h) and, later on, to a stage with 1.2 m2 AN69-S, 9 hours weekly (BF-3h). During BF, in order not to exceed 25 mEq/l in intradialytic arterial HCO3, arterial acid-base was examined hourly and a mean of 178 and 199 mEq of HCO3 respectively were infused in BF-4h and BF-3h. We obtained a better control of acidosis with a reduction of the intradialytic pCO2 decrease and hypoxemia. The amount of HCO3 infused was related to the patients deficit in HCO3 total pool and therefore it can be predicted, to avoid postdialytic alkalosis.

Acetates↗
PubMed1985

Activated T cells in Graves' disease before treatment.

The aim of this study was the definition of abnormalities occurring within T-cell subsets of thyrotoxic Graves' patients before treatment. Special emphasis was placed on the enumeration of activated T cells using a number of new monoclonal antibodies. Lymphocytes from 22 Graves' disease patients were examined. The total number, the percentage of 'helper/inducer' and 'suppressor/cytotoxic' positive cells were evaluated using the antibodies T3, T4 and UCHT4, whereas the cells with killer activity were defined by H25. Activated T cells were detected using the antibodies DA6.231, DA6.164, and L243 which bind different epitopes of the beta chains of class II surface antigens and 4F2, which binds a 120,000 molecular weight glycoprotein. The results show no significant change in the total T, helper or suppressor cell phenotype, but an increase in the killer cell percentage was noted. Of those patients tested, 19 of 22 showed an increase in activated T cells, 18 of 22 patients showed a significant increase of T cells bearing class II antigens, 11 of 22 showed an increase of T cells staining with another activated T cell antibody, 4F2. The anti-DR antibodies expressed different binding characteristics, the most striking difference being seen between the antibodies DA6.231 and L243. The results of this study suggest an heterogeneity of the immune response, or differences in activation stage in patients with Graves' disease before therapeutic intervention. An important role for these cells in the pathogenesis of this disorder can be inferred.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Diastematomyelia in an adult. Case report.

An adult with diastematomyelia underwent a full neuroradiological study (myelography with jopamidolo plus computed tomography) followed by surgery. The value of the neuroradiological study, especially to the surgeon, is emphasised.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Experimental research on the use of fluorocarbon compounds (FC 43) as blood substitutes].

The authors have experimented a fluorocarbon compound (FC 43) in form of a stable emulsion (20%), in the presence of a suitable surfactant agent (Pluronic F 68: 2,5%), as an hematic substitute. The animals (fifteen rabbits) underwent substitution of 50% of the total hematic volume with same volumes of the emulsion and thereafter have been examined for a period of twenty-four hours. During the time of observation there were no changes on: 1) acid-base equilibrium; 2) respiratory homeostasis and 3) major circulatory parameters.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗