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Biomedical subjects

M Lehto

Publications and source records attributed to M Lehto.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Soleus muscle anomaly in a patient with exertion pain in the ankle. A case report.

A patient with soleus muscle anomaly and symptoms simulating retrocalcanear bursitis or peritendinitis of the Achilles tendon is reported. A soft bulge was observed anteromedially to the Achilles tendon some weeks after the onset of symptoms in soccer training. A clinical diagnosis of retrocalcanear bursitis was made and the patient received physiotherapy and two injections of corticosteroids during six months without pain relief. Due to the continuing symptoms surgery was performed and large mass of the anomalic soleus muscle in the Kager's triangle was removed. At the follow-up the patient was asymptomatic and had resumed his physical exercises and soccer training.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1988

Quantitative alterations in intramuscular connective tissue following immobilization: an experimental study in the rat calf muscles.

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effect of immobilization in two different positions, shortened or lengthened, on the connective tissue and capillarization of the rat calf muscles. In 18 rats the left hind limb was immobilized so that the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were in a lengthened position and tibialis anterior was in a shortened position, and in 18 rats vice versa. The right hind limbs were kept free to serve as controls. After 1, 2, and 3 weeks of immobilization, an equal number of rats were killed and the muscles were analyzed. The connective tissue muscle ratio was measured from histological sections by automatic image analyzer and the number of capillaries per 1000 muscle fibers was also recorded. In the intact muscles the proportions of intramuscular connective tissue in the soleus, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior were 2, 3, and 5%, respectively. During the immobilization period of 3 weeks the proportion of connective tissue increased significantly in all muscles, but the only significant difference between the positions was in the soleus muscle in which more connective tissue was found in the lengthened position, 54% vs 30% in the shortened position. The amount of capillaries decreased significantly during immobilization in all muscles to about 65% of normal capillar density, but the position of immobilization seemed to have no effect on this phenomenon. The increase in intramuscular connective tissue during immobilization seems to occur simultaneously with muscle atrophy and loss of muscle capillarity. The stretched position of immobilization seems to have an additional fibrotic effect if the immobilized muscle, such as soleus, consists mainly of type I fibers generally known to be more vulnerable to disuse atrophy than type II fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Macromolecular composition of the sarcolemma and endomysium in the rat.

The macromolecular composition of sarcolemma and endomysium was studied by classical staining methods for glycosaminoglycans and using immunological techniques for proteins. Both proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (heparan sulphate, dermatan sulphate, chondroitin sulphate) could be detected in the sarcolemma. Type IV and type V collagen and laminin were found exclusively in the sarcolemma and endomysium. Type I and type III collagen as well as fibronectin were detected both in the endomysium and perimysium.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Equipment, drugs and problems of the competition and team physician.

Physicians nowadays commonly attend sports competitions or journeys with a sports team. In some competitions the rules ensure the attendance of a physician. The team physician has to take care of all kinds of medical problems within the team, while the competition physician basically takes care of acute complaints. The competition physician must organise the medical coverage of both athletes and spectators, also taking into account medical emergencies. In addition he should inform the teams and spectators about the medical coverage. The team physician must also perform a precompetition health screening of individual team members, and take care of infection prophylaxis before and during journeys. Usually the physician carries drugs for respiratory infections, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, gastrointestinal medications, antihistamines, eyedrops, local anaesthetics and dermatological medications. The physician's bag should not include banned substances, other than specially labelled emergency medications. The inclusion of other medications and equipment and the need for other medical resources is highly dependent on the length of the journey, the destination, the type of sports, and the number of participants and spectators. Each sport has its characteristic injury profile and there are also sport-specific regulations which the physician must be aware of. Acute injuries are more common in contact sports, and overuse injuries in non-contact sports. In addition to musculoskeletal injuries, other conditions such as heat exhaustion and dehydration may be encountered, while cold can also cause special problems.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1988

Defective autologous mixed leukocyte reaction in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus.

We studied autologous mixed leukocyte reaction (AMLR) in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients, their healthy siblings and healthy schoolchildren, Blood samples from the patients were drawn within 1 week after hospitalization and 2 months later. AMLR was significantly depressed in the patients when compared to healthy siblings or other healthy controls. In addition, the mean AMLR responsiveness of the healthy control group exceeded that of healthy siblings. The production of IL-2 in AMLR was impaired in the patient group and the defective AMLR could be restored by addition of exogenous IL-2 in 7-10 patient cultures. However, in 3-10 patients addition of IL-2 induced no enhancement of proliferation. While the patients in general had raised levels of activated T lymphocytes these three patients had higher numbers of activated T cells than other patients. Defective AMLR and presence of activated T cells may be related and may play a role in the pathogenesis of IDDM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Decreased monocyte production of interleukin-1 and impaired lymphocyte proliferation in atopic dermatitis.

We studied lymphocyte proliferation and subsets in ten atopic dermatitis (AD) patients and ten healthy controls. In addition, monocyte production of interleukin 1 (IL-1) was investigated. Mean numbers of total T cells, T-cells subsets, and B cells did not significantly differ between AD patients and controls even though the patients had slightly decreased amounts of suppressor T lymphocytes. Proliferative responses of AD patients to purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD), concanavalin A (ConA), or allogeneic cells did not significantly differ from those of healthy controls at optimal stimulant concentrations. In contrast, at suboptimal concentrations, AD patients showed a diminished response to all of these stimulants. Monocytes from AD patients elaborated clearly less IL-1 than those from healthy controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Development of peritoneal fibrosis occurs under the mesothelial cell layer.

This study was carried out in order to find out which part of the peritoneal wall reacts toward silica and produces peritoneal fibrosis. Colloidal silica was injected into the peritoneal cavity of rats to induce chemical peritonitis and frozen sections of the peritoneal wall were stained with specific antibodies toward type I and III collagens and fibronectin. A massive proliferation of granulation tissue was observed between the submesothelial and muscular layers within 48 hr visualized by prominent fibronectin staining. Type III collagen formed lamellar-like structures in the newly formed granulation tissue. The connective tissue reaction was extended into the underlying muscular tissue. Three weeks after silica injection the reactive granulation tissue exceeded the original peritoneum three- to fourfold in thickness. At this stage it contained extended fibrillar structures oriented perpendicular to the surface or muscular layers of the peritoneum. Type I collagen antibody was bound to the superficial cell layer in the control samples and in the early peritonitis whereas the entire granulation tissue was evenly stained at 3 weeks. Type III collagen antibody was bound to the surface layer of the peritoneum, granulation tissue, and perimysial connective tissue throughout the healing period. The results indicate that the peritoneal fibrotic process occurs under the thin peritoneal lining cell layer and on the surface of the muscle layer.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Langerhans cell- and T-lymphocyte functions in patients with atopic dermatitis with disseminated cutaneous herpes simplex virus infection.

We studied whether Langerhans cell (LC)- and T-lymphocyte functions of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients are impaired. Our study groups consisted of 6 patients with AD with previous disseminated herpes simplex virus infection (AD + HSV), 8 patients with ordinary AD, and 5 healthy subjects. Suction blisters were performed on abdominal skin and LC isolated on the basis of their attachment to IgG-coated erythrocyte monolayers. Antigen-presenting function of purified LC was studied by measuring the proliferation of HSV-stimulated T cells. Langerhans cells were also used to stimulate T cells in autologous mixed cell reaction (AMCR). In addition, the production of epidermal cell thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF) by crude epidermal cells was measured. The HSV-induced T-cell proliferation in AD + HSV and AD patients was comparable with that of controls. The AMCR responses of patients with AD + HSV and AD were clearly diminished when compared with healthy controls. Patients with AD also produced significantly less ETAF than controls. Our results suggest that HSV antigen-presenting function of LC from patients with AD + HSV seems to be intact. Defective AMCR may reflect an abnormality in autoregulation and generation of effector cells and this together with decreased ETAF production may have pathogenetic significance in AD.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1987

Healing of a muscle trauma. Correlation of sonographical and histological findings in an experimental study in rats.

Healing of a partially ruptured gastrocnemius muscle was studied in rats with sonographical and histological techniques. Ultrasonography was performed 1-21 days after injury using a 7.5-MHz linear scanner. Following ultrasonography, the injured muscles were examined histologically. The injured area and development of hematoma were visualized during the first 5 days after trauma with ultrasonographical and histological observations. Later, disorganization of regenerating muscle fibers appeared sonographically more clearly than the scar tissue area demonstrated histologically. The present study points out the accuracy of ultrasonography in the examination of a muscle trauma, especially during the early phases of healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Scar formation after skeletal muscle injury. A histological and autoradiographical study in rats.

The formation of a connective tissue scar was studied autoradiographically 2-42 days following standard contusion injury in the gastrocnemius muscle of 30 rats. The rats were injected intraperitoneally with 3H-labeled proline 4 h before the muscle samples were taken. On day 2 the majority of cells in the injured area were identified as inflammatory without radioactive labeling. Abundant labeling was observed, however, over the extracellular substance, and moderate labeling with 3H-proline in the cells identified as fibroblasts or their precursors. During the first 2 weeks the number of fibroblasts increased and the majority of them were labeled with silver grains, which were also present over the connective tissue matrix. Six weeks after injury only a few fibroblasts showed labeling, and no labeling was observed extracellularly in the connective tissue. Thus, it seems that the synthesis of extracellular connective tissue components in injured skeletal muscle occurs as early as 2 days after trauma, is intensive between days 5 and 21 after trauma, and decreases markedly during the following 3 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The multifidus muscle in patients with lumbar disc herniation. A histochemical and morphometric analysis of intraoperative biopsies.

Structural changes in the multifidus muscle were analyzed in 41 patients operated on for herniated intervertebral disc. Twelve cadavers served as controls. The two main findings follow: Both in the patients and in the controls the Type 2 muscle fibers were markedly and selectively smaller than the Type 1 fibers, which were of normal size for striated muscles, and the internal structure of Type 1 fibers showed so-called core-targetoid and/or moth-eaten change. Group atrophy or fiber-type grouping (indicators of denervation and reinnervation) were observed only in a few patients. The selective small size of the Type 2 fibers may indicate atrophy due to relative inactivity of the multifidus muscle both in the patients and in the controls, ie, it does not need to be related to the herniated disc. Definite proof for denervation of the multifidus muscle was not observed, but neither the possibility be excluded. The cause of the core-targetoid and/or moth-eaten changes cannot yet be determined with certainty, because these changes are not specific for any single entity but may be due, for example, to denervation, ischemia, or altered use of the muscles because of pain. In any case, because the changes were significantly more common in the patients than in the controls, they signal for a pathologic condition, the character of which remains to be elucidated.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Enrichment of human epidermal Langerhans cells by attachment to erythrocyte monolayers.

The present investigation introduces a method for purification of human epidermal Langerhans cells (LC). The method is based on the attachment of LC to IgG-coated sheep erythrocyte monolayers via their Fc receptors. To optimize the enrichment assay, several variables were tested. The best results were obtained when epidermal cells were centrifuged against erythrocyte monolayers; the purification procedure was performed at 4 degrees C in the presence of 5% fetal calf serum, using about 6 X 10(6) epidermal cells per erythrocyte plate (diameter 5 cm). The average purity of the recovered LC was 80.9% and LC-depleted fractions contained an average of 0.5% DR-positive cells. LC were able to enhance significantly leukoagglutinin- and purified protein derivative-induced T lymphocyte proliferation and leukocyte migration inhibitory factor production.

Animals↗