Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M LeMay

Publications and source records attributed to M LeMay.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Abnormalities of the left temporal lobe and thought disorder in schizophrenia. A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study.

BACKGROUND: Data from postmortem, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies indicate that patients with schizophrenia may have anatomical abnormalities of the left temporal lobe, but it is unclear whether these abnormalities are related to the thought disorder characteristic of schizophrenia. METHODS: We used new MRI neuroimaging techniques to derive (without knowledge of the diagnosis) volume measurements and three-dimensional reconstructions of temporal-lobe structures in vivo in 15 right-handed men with chronic schizophrenia and 15 matched controls. RESULTS: As compared with the controls, the patients had significant reductions in the volume of gray matter in the left anterior hippocampus-amygdala (by 19 percent [95 percent confidence interval, 3 to 36 percent]), the left parahippocampal gyrus (by 13 percent [95 percent confidence interval, 3 to 23 percent], vs. 8 percent on the right), and the left superior temporal gyrus (by 15 percent [95 percent confidence interval, 5 to 25 percent]). The volume of the left posterior superior temporal gyrus correlated with the score on the thought-disorder index in the 13 patients evaluated (r = -0.81, P = 0.001). None of these regional volume decreases was accompanied by a decrease in the volume of the overall brain or temporal lobe. The volume of gray matter in a control region (the superior frontal gyrus) was essentially the same in the patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Schizophrenia involves localized reductions in the gray matter of the left temporal lobe. The degree of thought disorder is related to the size of the reduction in volume of the left posterior superior temporal gyrus.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Reversed cerebral asymmetry in women with breast cancer.

Altered intrauterine hormonal environment might predispose to both atypical cerebral asymmetry and breast cancer. We therefore investigated computed tomographic scans of 79 right-handed, white patients with breast cancer and 97 controls to assess the pattern of cerebral asymmetry. Women with breast cancer had a reversed pattern of cerebral asymmetry significantly more often than did controls (p less than 0.0001 for both frontal and occipital width. Our findings suggest that an intrauterine or early life factor, probably hormonal, could predispose to breast cancer in adulthood.

Brain↗
PubMed1992

Empirically derived personality subtypes of public psychiatric patients: effect on self-reported symptoms, coping inclinations, and evaluation of expressed emotion in caregivers.

Personality scales on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II) for 195 psychiatric inpatients (93 men and 102 women) in a public facility were cluster analyzed to develop an empirical subtyping according to personality traits. Subjects also completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Methods of Coping Scale (MOC), and the Level of Expressed Emotion Scale (LEE). The five personality subtypes that emerged were consistent across two clustering methods (K-means and complete linkage). Subtypes members differed on subscales of the BSI, MOC, and LEE. Results support the relevance of personality traits and disorders in assessing psychopathology in psychiatric patients. Results also support the relevance of subtyping these patients according to MCMI-II results.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Ventricular differences between hydrostatic hydrocephalus and hydrocephalus ex vacuo by computed tomography.

Transaxial CT scans of 100 patients with hydrostatic hydrocephalus and 50 patients with hydrocephalus ex vacuo have been reviewed with respect to measurements of: frontal horn ratio, width of the temporal horns, width of the third ventricle, width of cerebral fissures and sulci. The diagnosis of hydrostatic hydrocephalus is probable when (a) both temporal tips are visualized and measure 2 mm or greater in width and the sylvian and interhemispheric fissures and cerebral sulci are not visible, or (b) there is visualization of temporal horn tips measuring 2 mm or greater in width and the lateral ventricles are symmetrically enlarged with the frontal horn ratio 0.50 or more.

Cerebral Ventriculography↗
PubMed1979

Autism and unfavorable left-right asymmetries of the brain.

Utilizing computerized brain tomography, left-right morphologic asymmetries of the parietooccipital region were judged in 16 autistic patients, 44 mentally retarded patients, and 100 miscellaneous neurological patients. In 57% of the autistic patients the right parietooccipital region was wider than the left, while this pattern of cerebral asymmetry was found in only 23% of the mentally retarded patients and 25% of the neurological patients. It is suggested that unfavorable morphologic asymmetries of the brain near the posterior language zone may contribute to the difficulties autistic children experience in acquiring language.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Right-left asymmetrics in the brain.

Structural asymmetries between the hemispheres are found in the human brain. Asymmetries in the auditory regions and in the Sylvian fissures are present even in the fetus. The Sylvian asymmetries may have existed in Neanderthal man and are found consistently in some apes. They may relate to right-left differences infunction. Thus, the striking auditory asymmetries could underlie language lateralization. The asymmetries in the frontal and occipital lobes and the lateral ventricles are correlated with hand preference. Anatomical asymmetries may help to explain the range of human talents, recovery from acquired disorders of language function, certain childhood learning disabilities, some dementing illnesses of middle life, and the evidence for behavioral lateralization in nonhuman primates.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Developmental dyslexia. Evidence for a subgroup with a reversal of cerebral asymmetry.

The computerized brain tomograms of 24 patients with developmental dyslexia were analyzed for cerebral asymmetry. Ten patients showed a reversal of the pattern of asymmetry regularly observed in normal right-handed individuals so that the right parietooccipital region was wider than the left. The ten dyslexic patients with this reversal of cerebral asymmetry had a lower mean verbal IQ than the other 14 dyslexic patients in this study. The reversal of cerebral asymmetry that occurred in ten of the dyslexic patients may result in language lateralization to a cerebral hemisphere that is structurally less suited to support language function and thus act as a risk factor for the development of reading disability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

B-scan ultrasonography of the anterior segment of the eye.

B-scan ultrasonograms of the anterior segment were performed on selected patients. The difficulties in imaging the anterior segment are discussed and the value of this technique is demonstrated by illustration of B-scans in different pathological conditions. This technique can often provide important information and allow an early and accurate prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Fetal breathing.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Asymmetries of the skull and handedness. Phrenology revisited.

Some of the asymmetries noted in cerebral computerized transaxial tomography (CTT) studies are reflected in the shape of the skull resulting most often in backward protrusion of the occipital bone on the left and a less striking forward protrusion of the right frontal bone. Asymmetries are less marked in left-handed individuals but the opposite features, i.e. forward protrusion of the left frontal bone and posterior protrusion of the right occipital bone, are more frequent in left handers than in right handers.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Morphological cerebral asymmetries of modern man, fossil man, and nonhuman primate.

Cerebral asymmetries are common in modern and fossil man and the great apes. Those occurring most often are listed here: 1. The left sylvian fissure in man is longer than the right and in both fetal and adult brains the posterior end of the right sylvian fissure is commonly higher than the left. Associated with these findings, the left planum temporale is usually longer than the right. 2. The left occipital pole is often wider and usually protrudes more posteriorly than the right. 3. The left lateral ventricle, and especially the occipital horn, is usually larger than the right. 4. If one frontal pole extends beyond the other it is usually the right. 5. On X-ray computerized axial tomograms (CT) of the brain the right frontal lobe and the central portion of the right hemisphere more often measure wider than the left. 6. The CT studies commonly show a Yakovlevian anticlockwise torque (taking the nose as 12 o'clock), with the left occipital pole longer and often extending across the midline toward the right and a wider right hemisphere in its central and frontal portions and frequent forward protrusion of the right frontal pole. This is found also in newborns. 7. The posterior end of the sagittal sinus usually lies to the right of the midline and the sinus flows more directly into the right transverse sinus than into the left. 8. The right transverse sinus is usually higher than the left. 9. In left-handed and ambidextrous individuals the posterior ends of the sylvian fissures are more often nearly equal in height and the occipital regions are more often equal in width or the right may be wider. 10. The torque of the pyramidal tract and the hemispheral torque cannot at present be related to right- or left-handedness. Statistics concerning left-handedness are somewhat confounded, because it is likely that not a few individuals are left-handed because of an early injury of the left hemisphere in a normally right-handed individual. 11. Cerebral asymmetries are found in fossil man similar to those in modern man. 12. Asymmetries of the sylvian fissures similar to those of modern man have been found in the great apes and are particularly common in the orangutan. 13. The most striking and consistently present cerebral asymmetries found in adult and fetal brains are in the region of the posterior end of the sylvian fissures-- the areas generally regarded as a major importance in language function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Hemispheric differences in the brains of great apes.

Asymmetries are found in the cerebral hemispheres of some great apes, particularly in the orangutan, that are similar to those seen in man. Studies in the orangutan might be more likely to help in understanding the evolution of handedness or language than studies in chimpanzees.

Animals↗