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Biomedical subjects

M Lawson

Publications and source records attributed to M Lawson.

106 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and serum growth hormone in insulin-dependent diabetes.

Growth hormone (GH) responses were studied in 26 insulin-dependent diabetics after the intravenous administration of 100 microgram of synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). Although the mean basal GH concentration was significantly higher than that of 20 matched non-diabetic controls, no significant increment occurred after the LH-RH injection. (The controls also showed no rise in GH.) It seems that the GH hypersecretion of insulin-requiring diabetics does not, as is frequently noted in acromegaly, respond to the injection of LH-RH.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1972

Nutritional value of midday meals of senior schoolchildren.

A survey of 565 senior schoolchildren showed that 41% took the school meal. It provided 27% of the daily recommended energy intake and 35% of the daily protein intake set by the Department of Health and Social Security. Of the children who did not take the school meal 4% had a meal which compared favourably with it, though an equal number ate no lunch at all. The remainder either brought snacks from home or bought foods which were found to be both low in protein, iron, and calcium, and high in sugar. Sweets and chips provided the main source of energy for 9% of the subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1972

School meals.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recent medical evidence for torture and human rights abuse in Sierra Leone: a report for the Medical Foundation for the Care of Victims of Torture.

A study was carried out using the case notes of all Sierra Leoneans referred to the Medical Foundation for the Care of Victims of Torture between 1996 and 1998 for medical reports. Data were abstracted on the type and extent of torture reported, and the cases were followed up to the present day to ascertain how long the United Kingdom asylum and immigration process had taken to process their claims. In the sample of 36 cases there were 68 reported incidents of torture or human rights abuse. Sixty-nine per cent (18/26) of the women in the sample had been raped at least once, and 72% (26/36) of the sample had been beaten at least once. The average time for the minimum due process of the asylum claim to be processed was 44 months (3.7 years). On 31 January 1999, 61% of the sample (22 people) were still involved in the asylum process. Waiting times must be reduced and safeguards imposed so that those who have suffered torture can be rapidly identified and referred for medical treatment, care and documentation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pheochromocytoma.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the symptoms associated with pheochromocytoma and discuss the diagnosis and management of this tumor. METHODS: We review the clinical manifestations in patients with pheochromocytoma, the biochemical and imaging studies recommended for diagnosis and localization of the tumor, and the available strategies for treatment. RESULTS: Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of chromaffin cells that originates in either the adrenal medulla or the extra-adrenal sympathetic tissues. It is usually unilateral and benign. Frequent initial symptoms include headache, sweating, and palpitations, with or without increased blood pressure. In many patients, hypertension is accelerated during a paroxysm. Pheochromocytoma may also occur as a part of multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIA and B. Several common syndromes, such as panic disorders and hyperthyroidism, may mimic pheochromocytoma; however, pheochromocytoma should be suspected in the presence of hypertension, tachycardia, and throbbing headache, especially occurring as paroxysmal episodes. The physiologic diagnosis of pheochromocytoma is established by biochemical tests of levels of plasma and urinary catecholamines or their metabolites (or both). In most patients, anatomic localization is achieved with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy, labeled somatostatin scans, or positron emission tomography. The management preferentially includes surgical removal of the pheochromocytoma after preparation with appropriate medical therapy to avoid hypertensive crisis during the perioperative period. Patients with contraindications to a major surgical procedure or with malignant pheochromocytoma and metastatic disease, however, may be treated with multiple drugs--for example, alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockers and direct vasodilators to neutralize the effects of high levels of circulating catecholamines and alpha-methyl-metatyrosine to inhibit catecholamine synthesis. CONCLUSION: The presence of suggestive clinical features in patients with hypertension should prompt clinicians to undertake appropriate diagnostic testing because surgical resection of a pheochromocytoma will yield a cure in many cases.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Partial occlusion of indwelling central venous catheters.

Partial occlusion of indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs) developed as a clinical problem following the trend to leave CVCs in place for the duration of intravenous therapy, which can last for more than 1 year in some cases. The primary manifestation of partial catheter occlusion is the ability to infuse but not aspirate fluids through an indwelling CVC. There is evidence that the problem is at least partially related to a residue of blood products deposited within some CVCs and implanted ports each time blood is aspirated or infused. Over time, these deposits may act as a ball valve when aspiration from the CVC is attempted while still allowing fluid or drug infusions. A preliminary investigation has indicated that this partial occlusion can be corrected by the use of a fibrinolytic drug to "cleanse" the CVC of residual blood products through lysis, thus restoring full CVC patency. Controlled studies are still needed to determine how often the CVC should be cleansed to prevent buildup of blood products in the indwelling CVC.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition of bacterial growth by granulocytes measured by an automated technique.

Granulocytes, collected by several methods, were assayed for antibacterial activity utilizing a technique originally developed for automated antibiotic susceptibility testing. The granulocytes were incubated with either Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus for one hour at 37 degrees C and were then separated from the suspension by gentle centrifugation at 170 g. The bacteria remaining in the supernatant broth were incubated in culture medium (eugonic broth) and their growth density was compared with diluted controls (without granulocytes) by measurement in an Autobac I (an automated nephelometer). Measurements of the density of growth at 30 minute intervals showed a marked delay in the development of density suggesting only small numbers of organisms remained after incubation with granulocytes. Once density was measurable, the rate of growth appeared similar to controls. After 2.5 hours in the Atuobac I, the density of growth was used to determine the inhibitory effect of granulocytes. The density of growth was inversely related to the concentration of granulocytes present during the preincubation phase. Filtered granulocytes showed significantly lower inhibitory effect than centrifuged granulocytes. This rapid, inexpensive method of determining microbial growth appears to be adaptable as a measure of granulocyte function.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Methods for determining the internal volume of central venous catheters.

A prevalent problem associated with central venous catheters (CVCs) is occlusion with clotted blood or drug precipitate. When an occlusion occurs, the inability to determine a CVC's internal volume may seriously delay instillation of a precise quantity of a corrective drug. A lack of standards for CVC measurements and confusion about terminology for describing catheter geometry are partly to blame. This article aims to alleviate the problem, providing three methods for determining CVC internal volume with two reference tables and mathematical support for all calculations. A glossary of CVC terms is also included.

Catheterization, Central Venous↗