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Biomedical subjects

M Lausen

Publications and source records attributed to M Lausen.

44 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Gallstone ileus--a diagnostic and indications problem--report on 35 patients].

The clinical data of 35 patients with gallstone ileus treated between 1970 and 1984 at the Department of Surgery of the University Hospital of Freiburg were retrospectively analysed with respect to duration of symptoms prior to surgery, preoperative diagnostic, operative procedure and outcome. No reliable test could be found that will lead the clinician to the correct diagnosis in most cases. The classical sign of gallstone ileus--small bowel obstruction combined with pneumobilia in the plain abdominal X-ray--was apparent only in 20%. So, a high index of suspicion, especially in old female patients with small bowel obstruction and prompt surgical intervention will decrease mortality. Enterotomy with removal of the stone without simultaneous cholecystectomy can be recommended as a safe procedure even in very old patients.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1986

[Preoperative staging of rectal cancer with computer tomography].

The correlation of the preoperative staging by CT with the postoperative staging was prospectively investigated in 112 patients with carcinoma of the rectum. The influence of CT on the choice of surgical treatment was also proven. The evaluation of the infiltration of perirectal tissue and especially of other organs is possible with CT. According to TNM classification the pre- and postoperative staging showed identical results by conventional diagnostic methods in T1 in 7/16, in T2 in 22/38, in T3 in 37/49 and in T4 in 5/9 patients. With the additional CT identical results were found in T1 in 7/14, in T2 in 25/31, in T3 in 49/53 and in T4 in 13/14 cases. Thus, the preoperative staging turned out to be correct with CT in 94/112 cases (83.9%). By conventional diagnostic methods identical results were found in 71/112 patients (63.4%). The infiltration of other organs was suspected preoperatively in 24 cases with CT and was found intraoperatively in 30/112 (accuracy 94.6%, sensitivity 88%, specificity 96%). Metastases of lymph nodes were suspected in the tomograms in 32/49 patients (65.3%). By the differentiated interpretation of the tumor growth with special regard to the "Grenzlamellen" of the rectum the CT gives important information for planning therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

[Electrical control activity during and after mechanical ileus--an animal experimental study on the reversibility of ileus-induced motility disorders].

The electrical control activity in the pre- and poststenotic intestine segment was recorded in rabbit during a mechanical high-located small-bowel ileus of 24 hours duration and after its release. The ligature of the intestine caused an immediate decrease of frequency in the poststenotic segment and in the prestenotic segment only after an ileus duration of 24 hours. The sw-frequencies (slow waves) normalized themselves in both bowel segments after the removal of the occlusion 48 hours later. The control activity in the control group of sham-operated animals normalized itself after a transitory decrease already 24 hours later.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Humeral head fractures following epileptic attacks. Case report on a rare but typical injury].

We report about two patients with posterior fracture-dislocation of the shoulder following convulsive seizures, one case unilateral, one case bilateral. The radiological findings are typical and similar to the cases described in literature: Impression or head splitting fracture of the ventro-medial part of the humeral head associated with posterior dislocation. The mechanism of injury, methods of treatment and late results are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Pressure studies of the ileocecal sphincter after small bowel resection in rabbits.

The function of the ileocecal sphincter (ICS) in rabbits was investigated after extensive small bowel resection. The reflux pressure in anterograde (P1) and retrograde (P2) direction was measured before, 7 days after, and 1 year after small bowel resection, nd compared with a group of rabbits in which a bypass-operation of the same length of the small bowel had been performed. After 7 days, both P1 and P2 showed a marked decrease in the resection group. One year after the operation, pressures had increased again but were still lower than before the resection. Significantly minor pressure changes were found 7 days after bypass surgery. We consider that ICS-insufficiency can be one cause of the features of short bowel syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Acute pseudoobstruction of the colon (Ogilvie syndrome)].

Pseudo-obstruction of the colon was observed in six patients. The cardinal feature is acute distension of the large bowel without distal obstruction. Apart from few idiopathic cases, the syndrome usually is associated with postoperative, posttraumatic or metabolic disorders of extraintestinal origin. Without treatment, increasing distension leads to cecal perforation with a high mortality. Treatment is conservative initially. If decompression by colonoscopy fails, cecostomy or right hemicolectomy are mandatory. The pathophysiologic mechanism of acute colonic pseudoobstruction is unknown. Whether Ogilvie's syndrome is a genuine clinical entity or a complication of associated diseases is still on question.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[The effect of somatostatin on the ileocecal sphincter (ICS) before and after extensive small bowel resection].

The ileocoecal sphincter pressure of rabbits was studied under somatostatin infusion before and after subtotal small bowel resection. Before resection, somatostatin increased the pressure necessary to pass fluid through this zone according to the applied doses. Seven days after resection, a decrease in the ileocoecal sphincter pressure was found, which could not be affected by somatostatin infusion. One year after resection, the reflux pressure was again normal, and the somatostatin effect was similar as to that before resection.

Animals↗