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Biomedical subjects

M Lau

Publications and source records attributed to M Lau.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Juvenile nephronophthisis with calcification of basal ganglia and pancreatic insufficiency.

Juvenile nephronophthisis is a major cause of progressive renal failure in children. Its manifestations are varied and protean. It is a multisystem syndrome, encompassing and overlapping related disorders. We treated a 4-year-old girl who presented with various manifestations of progressive renal failure characteristic of juvenile nephronophthisis, in addition to calcification of the basal ganglia and pancreatic lipomatosis, two associated conditions hitherto undescribed. It is hoped that further reports of other associated conditions may help to clarify further the nature of this complex syndrome.

Basal Ganglia Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Sensitization after transplantation.

1. Out of 122 sera from patients who had rejected a kidney transplant, 82% had cytotoxic antibodies to HLA. These antibodies were present in about equal frequency regardless of when the graft was rejected. Twelve patients who had rejected their grafts after 5-15 years also produced clear HLA antibodies. 2. The HLA antibodies were not directed to all the mismatches of the donor, but rather appeared to be against a few of the specificities. Thus the graft could have been rejected by a response directed at a few major determinants. Antibodies to some antigens were not detected at all. 3. Some patients produced their HLA antibodies many months after the rejection of their first graft.

Graft Rejection↗
PubMed1987

The flow cytometry crossmatch in kidney transplantation.

1. Positive FCXM reactions were associated with sensitization in transplants with negative cytotoxic crossmatches. Recipients of regrafts, females, particularly those with previous pregnancies, and recipients with historical cytotoxic antibody reactivity were more likely to have FCXM detectable antibodies. 2. Primary nonfunction grafts were associated with a positive FCXM, but predominantly in those transplants involving female, older, or nontrauma donors. Nearly 40% of the FCXM positive transplants of these organs did not function during the first month posttransplant 3. Low 3-month graft survival rates were associated with a positive FCXM reaction, but once again this was seen with female, older, and nontrauma donor transplants. In addition, approximately 40% of FCXM positive transplants involving older or nontrauma donors that did survive had poor graft function at 3 months.

Antilymphocyte Serum↗
PubMed1986

Factors affecting the expression of acetylcholine receptors on rat sensory neurones in culture.

Sensory neurones from nodose ganglia of new-born rats were grown in dissociated tissue culture either with or without satellite cells. When cultured without satellite cells, most neurones developed sensitivity to acetylcholine (ACh); time-course experiments indicated that the neurones acquire their sensitivity during the second to third week in culture. Most neurones co-cultured with satellite cells did not develop ACh sensitivity. Delayed removal of satellite cells 8-12 days after plating resulted in few neurones acquiring ACh sensitivity. Delayed addition of satellite cells to neuronal cultures that were initially grown without satellite cells had no effect on the number of ACh-sensitive neurones. The potential to develop ACh sensitivity in culture without satellite cells decreases with the age of the neurones at the time of culturing; few neurones from 2-week-old animals developed sensitivity to ACh when cultured without satellite cells. These results indicate that there is some influence from satellite cells that prevents nodose neurones from developing ACh sensitivity in culture and suggests that this influence may also operate in vivo.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1986

Crossmatching with B and T cells and flow cytometry.

1. Hyperacute rejections occurred in 0.6% of 19,415 first cadaver donor grafts and 1.9% of 4,326 regrafts. When grouped into those without preformed cytotoxins, 0.5% first grafts and 1.3% of regrafts had hyperacute rejection. Among patients with cytotoxins 1.3% of first grafts and 2.6% of regrafts had hyperacute rejections. 2. A total of 923 first cadaver donor transplants and 238 multiple transplants were crossmatched by 6 variations of microcytotoxicity tests: standard, long 4-hour incubation, B lymphocytes at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C and T lymphocytes at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C. All crossmatching was done in one laboratory. 3. For first cadaver donor transplants, 178 patients with long positive crossmatches and 56 patients with T warm positive crossmatches had a significantly lower survival rate than crossmatch negative patients. Those with short positive (weak), B warm, B cold, and T cold positive crossmatches had the same graft survival as crossmatch negative patients. 4. In regrafted patients from cadaver donors those with a short and T warm positive crossmatches had lower graft survival than crossmatch negative patients. 5. Preformed T warm cytotoxins were associated with lower graft survival in first grafts and B warm cytotoxins were associated with lower graft survival in regrafts. 6. Eight patients with T warm positive crossmatches were successfully transplanted (function at 3 months) after they were shown to have IgM antibodies removable by 2-ME treatment. 7. A total of 136 patients were tested by FCXM at the time of transplant on a retrospective basis. Although all patients were crossmatch negative by the T warm tests, 24 were FCXM positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antilymphocyte Serum↗
PubMed1985

Tracheal agenesis in infants with VATER association.

Four newborns had tracheal agenesis and numerous features of the VATER (vertebral defects, imperforate anus, tracheoesophageal fistula, and radial and renal dysplasia) association. Forty-two additional reported cases of tracheal agenesis have been reviewed to establish whether this defect usually occurs in association with other VATER abnormalities. Since tracheal agenesis usually is accompanied by other VATER-associated defects and since similar abnormalities in embryological mechanisms and timing are implicated, according to current theories of development, we propose that tracheal agenesis should be considered a component of the VATER association.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗