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Biomedical subjects

M Langer

Publications and source records attributed to M Langer.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Renal and hepatic tolerance of nonionic and ionic contrast media in intravenous digital subtraction angiography.

The liver and kidney tolerance of iopromide 370 in comparison to that of sodium meglumine diatrizoate 370 or iopamidol 370 in doses of 2 ml/kg body weight was examined in two controlled double-blind studies with intravenous digital subtraction angiography on the basis of enzyme assays in serum and urine. In patients with normal kidney function no changes were observed in the levels of the liver enzymes GPT, GOT, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) serum up to 72 hours after injection of iopromide or sodium meglumine diatrizoate. Among the kidney-specific enzymes, the excretion of GGT in urine increased after injection of iopromide and iopamidol. The maximum increase of GGT excretion was, however, statistically significantly lower in the group treated with iopromide than in the iopamidol group. Within 72 hours, the activities had been returned to the initial values in both groups.

Angiography↗
PubMed1989

[3-dimensional reconstructions of the skull, axial and extremity skeleton].

In a prospective study, 150 threedimensional reconstructions of patients with bone diseases were analyzed. It could be seen that 3 D images were relevant for therapeutic considerations in diseases of craniofacial bones, and to a lesser degree for other skeletal regions. In no case was the 3 D reconstruction the only important factor for the therapeutic decision. The study demonstrated that 3 D imaging of the pelvic bones, especially for necroses of the femoral head, is severely limited without the possibility of computer-aided disarticulation.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1989

[Validity testing of time-density curves in determining the degree of arterial stenosis by DSA].

106 patients with a stenosis of the carotid arteries or the common iliac arteries were examined by digital subtraction angiography. The haemodynamic effectiveness of a stenosis was supposed to be measured by time-density curves. Evaluation of time-density curves produced by videodensitometry did not allow to judge the degree of a stenosis of the carotid or the common iliac arteries. Causative for the insufficient accuracy of the results is a patient related change of examination quality. Disturbing factors are reduced cardiac output, moving artifacts, overshadowing of the examined region by air and reduced contrast due to obesity.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1989

[Abdominal sonographic findings in patients with AIDS].

The ultrasound findings of 58 patients with AIDS and ARC were analysed retrospectively. In 55% an enlarged liver, in 62% an enlarged spleen, partially with focal lesions, and in 21% enlarged abdominal lymph nodes were diagnosed. The typical focal segmental glomerulosclerosis of the kidney was observed in one case, and cholangitis in 2 patients. Abdominal ultrasound is the first diagnostic procedure to be performed in patients with AIDS and ARC when abdominal pathology is suspected. With US-guided thin needle puncture of the lesions, a histological verification of the pathologic findings is possible.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1989

[Ranitidine ameliorates acemetacin and indomethacin-induced changes of the gastroduodenal mucosa, without modifying the pharmacokinetic behavior of both antirheumatic drugs].

12 healthy volunteers participated in this double-blind, randomized, cross-over study. All subjects were given indomethacin (50 mg tid) or acemetacin (60 mg tid) for 6 days in the presence and absence of ranitidine 300 mg at night. At day 6 120 minutes after the last morning dose an endoscopy was performed and the appearance of the gastric and duodenal mucosa was noted. In the indomethacin experiments mean lesion score averaged 2.2 +/- 0.2 (+/- SEM) when placebo was coadministered. In the corresponding acemetacin-series the lesions score was 1.6 +/- 0.1 (+/- SEM). A reduction in mucosal damage occurred in both NSAID-groups when ranitidine 300 mg at night was given concurrently: The mucosal lesions score was reduced to 1.7 +/- 0.2 and to 1.0 +/- 0.1 (+/- SEM), respectively. This protection afforded by ranitidine was significant when compared with placebo (p less than 0.05). In 8 subjects plasma concentrations of acemetacin and indomethacin were determined on day 1 and day 5. The AUC-values of indomethacin and acemetacin in the presence and absence of ranitidine were almost identical when analysed by the paired T-test. The mean plasma concentrations of both antirheumatic agents did not show any difference when coadministered with placebo or ranitidine. Our data suggest that 300 mg ranitidine at night improves the gastroduodenal tolerability of both indomethacin and acemetacin without affecting main pharmacokinetic parameters of both antirheumatics.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Psychological aspects of diagnostic methods in pregnancy].

Psychological effects and sequelae of prenatal diagnostics are presented using material of clinical trials and the results of client-centered counselling. All methods (ultrasound, alpha-fetoproteinscreening, amniocentesis and chorionic villous sampling) can only be understood with their effects upon mother - fetal bonding. A decision process, invasivity and discussion about a fetal malformation are the main characteristics of amniocentesis. High-risk populations like women with complicated pregnancies or advanced age profit most by prenatal diagnosis. The reactions and emotions of male partners are also discussed. The following guidelines for counselling are proposed: non-directive counselling dealing with facts and emotions, patient autonomy and preparation routines apt to reduce anxiety.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

[Arterial digital subtraction angiography of the lower extremities using a high-resolution 1024 image matrix].

The quality of radiographs representing corkscrew vessels and collateral vessels that developed after occlusion of the superior femoral artery, using digital angiography technique with a 1024 matrix, is compared with that of a 512 matrix. The images obtained with the 1024 matrix were superior to those obtained with a 512 matrix. Using a small cannula for the application of the contrast agent, the quality of the images representing the collateral vessels was very good in 83% of the images produced with the 1024 matrix and in 70% of the 512 matrix images.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Picture quality of a digital urogram using image enhancement radiography].

The use of digital image radiography in urographic diagnostics yields a high percentage of images that are useful in diagnosis, even at the present state of technical development which is rapidly improving. Our own results obtained in a prospective study on 75 patients supply proof of such diagnostically useful pointers. Clear improvements in demonstrating the details when employing a 28 cm image amplifier input format in place of the additionally used 40 cm are seen only with the system of the renal calices. However, we found that the 40 cm image amplifier input format proved satisfactory in respect of assessing renal contours, kidney pelvis and ureters as far as image quality was concerned. Enhance image quality can be expected in future from the use of wedge-shaped diaphragms as well as a selective influencing of the automatic exposure (several measurement chambers, weighting factors) and the transfer of monitor screen contents to hard copy without incurring any losses during transfer.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Postoperative computed tomography control of allogeneic vascular prostheses].

33 CT-studies of 26 patients with alloplastic vascular prostheses were evaluated and compared with postoperative digital subtraction-angiography in 16 cases. 13 patients had no pathologic findings confirmed by further clinical development. In 4 cases bypass infection was diagnosed, which CT findings were perigraft gas (2/4), perigraft fluid (4/4), cm-enhancement (4/4) and fistulas (2/4). 10-21 d. post.-op. sterile hematomas were found in 3 patients. Further 3 cases had 5 weeks-2 post.-op. perigraft seromas. CT was method of first choice for diagnostic of perivascular alterations after bypass surgery. DSA was complementary to CT and should be performed to detect vascular complications.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[A new multislice gradient echo sequence for magnetic resonance tomography of the liver].

A multislice gradient echo sequence was developed for screening the liver and examined in studies on probands. This sequence is characterized by pronounced T1-weighting and low susceptibility to artifacts as well as a good contrast-to-noise ratio. Examination of the probands yielded suitable parameters for the repetition time, the delay echo, the excitation pulse angle and the number of data acquisitions. The optimized sequence yields, at a repetition time of 306 msec and an echo delay of 12 msec, 18 adjacent slices. With these measurement parameters an excitation pulse angle of 90 degrees was found to be adequate. Four data acquisitions (5.4 minutes measurement time) resulted in an effective reduction of motion artifacts. Compared with the T1-weighted spin echo sequences, the entire liver can be measured in half the time when using the multislice gradient echo sequence.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Meningeal metastasis of malignant melanoma].

Two woman patients with malignant melanoma of the skin known from their case history and with acutely emerging neurological symptoms were examined both by CT and by MR tomography (both plain and with intravenous contrast medium). The radiologically derived suspicion of meningioma could not be confirmed by intraoperatively performed histological examination. In both cases the patients had meningeal melanoma metastases with low melanin content and without noticeable bleeding into the metastases. MR diagnosis is rendered difficult by the absence of paramagnetic substances typical of melanoma metastases. Hence, if the case history is known, it should be considered whether there is meningeal metastasising with atypical histology.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical and computed tomographic follow-up of conservatively treated disk prolapse].

Of a total of 238 patients suffering from root compression syndrome, 41 successfully conservatively treated patients were followed up both clinically and via CT. At follow-up time they were all largely free from complaints. 71% showed unchanged prolapse on CT examination. 29% had a moderate or marked regression of disk prolapse. All unchanged cases of prolapse were medial prolapses. The reason for regression of the sequestered disk tissue is discussed controversially and has not been satisfactorily clarified to date. Improvement of findings in unchanged prolapse is mainly explained by the adaptability of the root if there is enough space for shifting.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Experimental ultrasonic study of imaging of vascular implants].

An experimental in vitro study was performed, evaluating 13 bypasses and eight patches of different materials. Sonography was unsuccessful due to a total reflection of the ultrasound for the PTFE-Vitagraft, the Impra, and the Microvel Haemashield bypasses. All other studied bypass types were successfully evaluated by ultrasound. All studied patch materials did not interfere with the ultrasound examination of the vascular structures.

Blood Vessel Prosthesis↗
PubMed1988

[Sonographic assessment of vascular bypasses in vitro].

13 bypasses and 8 patches were examined by ultrasound in vitro with a 3.5 MHz and a 10 MHz probe. Whereas only 6 bypasses were assessable by sonography, all patches could be demonstrated in vitro. In these cases, sonography could be accomplished with either of the two frequencies used. The 10 MHz probe was superior for imaging structural details. Immediate postoperative sonography of such grafts, which cannot be demonstrated accurately in vitro, is not reliable.

Blood Vessel Prosthesis↗
PubMed1988

[Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography study in orbital diseases with surface coils].

MRI of the orbit with surface coils was performed in 40 patients. In 35 cases the findings were pathologic. The most frequent (n = 9) were malignant melanomas of the choroid, which were distinguishable from hemorrhages (n = 2) by the characteristic signal intensity pattern. MRI only offered advantages over CT in lesions of the orbital apex, the upper part of the orbit, and in the diagnosis of inflammatory processes. In most of the cases of orbital tumors, and particularly where there was involvement of bony structures, CT was equal to or better than MRI.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

Prenatal diazepam exposure affects beta-adrenergic receptors in brain regions of adult rat offspring.

The postnatal development of [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding to beta-adrenergic receptors has been studied in frontal cortex, cerebellum, striatum, and hypothalamus of the rat after prenatal and perinatal exposure to diazepam. Dams were injected subcutaneously with single daily doses of 1 mg of diazepam/kg from day 7 to 20 of gestation or from day 15 of gestation to day 6 after birth. Prenatal exposure had no effect on litter size or length of gestation or on the postnatal development of body and brain weights of the progeny. However, a reduced mortality of the pups was observed in relation to vehicle-treated controls until postnatal day 10. Prenatal diazepam administration decreased [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding in frontal cortex, striatum, and hypothalamus but not in cerebellum. This decrease in beta-adrenergic receptor binding was due to a decrease in receptor density rather than in receptor affinity. In contrast, perinatal diazepam exposure led to a transient decrease in [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding limited to the frontal cortex. The permanent reduction in number of beta-adrenergic receptors, which depends on the scaling and duration of the drug application period, points to the necessity of a prolonged evaluation of effects of exposure to psychotropic drugs in early stages of brain development.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Bacteremia caused by Vibrio hollisae.

Vibrio hollisae was recovered from the bloodstream of a 36-year-old man with chronic active hepatitis who was admitted to the hospital with signs of gastrointestinal illness. V. hollisae is an infrequent human pathogen associated with seafood ingestion. No etiologic link to seafood was demonstrated in this case report.

Adult↗