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Biomedical subjects

M Lange

Publications and source records attributed to M Lange.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Effects of ethidium bromide on the production of ribosomal RNA in cultured mouse cells.

A treatment of primary mouse kidney cell cultures with 5 microM Ethidium Bromide (Eth Br) reduces the transcription of nuclear-coded genes and especially of ribosomal RNA genes. This effect was consistently observed when comparing drug-treated and control cells for (i), the incorporation of 3H uridine into total nuclear and B RNA polymerases as determined in isolated nuclei. It became more pronounced with exposure time; however, after removal of the drug, there was a progressive recovery of RNA synthesis culminating in the complete reversal of the drug effect. That this effect is probably not due only to the suppression of mitochondrial protein synthesis by the drug, is shown by a comparative study of the effects of chloramphenicol treatment. In addition, in the cytoplasm Eth Br depresses the labeling of 28 S rRNA more than that of 18 S whereas no abnormal accumulation of 28 S rRNA is observed in the nucleus. It is suggested that Eth Br may affect either the stability of the 28 S rRNA or its rate of formation from the 32 S precursor.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Combination chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer: a randomized trial comparing the use of adriamycin to that of Vinblastine.

Two regimens of chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer were compared in a randomized controlled fashion. Regimen 1 consisted of cyclophosphamide, vinblastine, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CVMF). Regimen 2 consisted of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CAMF). The patient population consisted of both black and white postmenopausal females who had not received any prior chemotherapy. Objective responses were observed in 25/57 patients treated with CVMF and in 28/51 patients treated with CAMF. Neither race nor choice of chemotherapeutic regimen affected prognosis, although there were differences in the pattern of metastatic involvement between the two racial groups. The median duration of survival of patients who responded to therapy has not yet been reached but will be in excess of 12 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Biotransformation of chloroform by rat and human liver microsomes; in vitro effect on some enzyme activities and mechanism of irreversible binding to macromolecules.

The effects of chloroform on some rat microsomal enzyme activities were studied in vitro. Maximum inhibition of oxygen consumption, NADPH oxidase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase was observed at 0.5 mM chloroform; prior metabolization of CHCl3 by microsomal monooxygenases increased inhibition by about 50% at 0.2-0.5 mM chloroform. Higher concentrations produced a paradoxical reversal of inhibition, whereas p-nitroanisole demethylase was steadily inhibited by about 50% up to 10 mM chloroform. Irreversible binding of 14CHCl3 was confirmed to depend on chloroform metabolization by monooxygenases. The increased irreversible binding due to phenobarbital induction is accompanied by a diminished affinity towards chloroform as shown by increased KM of irreversible binding, and a higher spectral dissociation constant KS. Aminoacids with nucleophilic functions (histidine, cysteine) partially prevented the irreversible binding of chloroform metabolites to microsomes; non-volatile radioactive derivatives were recovered in trichloracetic acid supernatants when microsomes were incubated with cysteine, but not with histidine. Phosgene has been demonstrated as a biological metabolite of chloroform: its possible reactions with nucleophilic groups of macromolecules, water and added aminoacids partly explain these experimental data. Similar results were obtained with human microsomes, showing that chloroform hepatotoxicity in man could involve the same mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Correlation between prognosis and bone marrow chromosomal patterns in children with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: similarities and differences compared to adults.

The chromosomal complement of 28 children with the diagnosis of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) were examined. An abnormal cytogenetic pattern was found in 50% of these patients, which is similar to the results in adults with ANLL. Unlike the reports in adult patients, however, no specific chromosomal changes were found. This observation may imply that the etiology and mechanisms by which abnormal clones develop in ANLL could differ significantly between children and adults. Those patients with chromosomal abnormalities in their initial bone marrow sample had a median survival of 7.1 mo, whereas those with a normal diploid pattern in their bone marrow had a median survival of 20.5 mo (1-sided, p = 0.04). If all metaphases were abnormal, the median survival was only 3 mo.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Xerographic parenchymal patterns and breast cancer.

The xerographic mammography records of 3,002 patients with breast disease were reviewed and classified according to the criteria of Wolfe. The parenchymal P2 pattern occurred in 59% of patients with cancer and in only 16,9% patients under the age of 40 without cancer, but the incidence of the DY pattern was much the same in patients with cancer and in those without cancer in almost all the age groups studied. The incidence of the P2 pattern tended to rise slightly in patients without cancer, whereas the incidence of the DY pattern tended to remain the same in all groups. The findings of Wolfe and others have been confirmed by this study, which also supports the suggestion that women under the age of 40 undergo a baseline xerographic examination of the breasts for cancer and that subsequent screening be based on the presence of a P2 pattern. This will involve a selection of 16,9% of the under 40-year-old subjects without cancer who might, on screening be expected to show 60% of the cancers in each decade after the age of 40. This information coupled with other factors indicating a high risk for the development of breast cancer, such as florid epithelial dysplasia, a previous history of breast cancer or a family history of breast cancer, should increase the yield of early carcinomas at a preclinical stage and reduce costs of a screening programme.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Oestrogen receptors in tumours of breast cancer patients.

Oestrogen receptors were measured in the cytoplasmic fraction of tumours from patients with breast cancer. Receptors were detected in 48% of patients, and 52% showed no receptors. A follow-up study of a small group of patients on hormone therapy is reported.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Infective endocarditis in heroin addicts: epidemiological observations and some unusual cases.

The total number of cases of heroin-induced endocarditis occurring over a four-year period were reviewed in order to explain an increase in the number of cases in the last year studied (1975). Brown heroin was noted to be used more frequently by addicts during the period of increased incidence. Cultures of "street samples" of brown and white heroin as well as cocaine were obtained in order to elucidate a possible relationship between the increased use of brown heroin and the increased number of endocarditis cases. Despite frequent contamination of both white and brown heroin, none of the common endocarditis-causing pathogens were isolated from the samples. Staphylococcus aureus, the most common etiological agent, frequently resulted in tricuspid endocarditis. That the accepted criteria for tricuspid endocarditis may be present without actual cardiac valve involvement is demonstrated by a most unusual case of hepatic vasculature infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Death-producing hemoptysis in tuberculosis.

Massive hemoptysis in patients with tuberculosis is reported infrequently and then virtually always in association with cavitary disease or aspergilloma. In contrast, we describe herein five cases characterized by hemoptysis on admission, bilateral pulmonary disease, samples of sputum positive for acid-fast bacilli by Ziehl-Neelsen stain, and no obvious cavitary disease. In each, hemoptysis subsided and then suddenly recurred in prodigious amounts, leading to death, probably from asyphyxiation. In patients hospitalized with tuberculous hemoptysis of any amount, with or without an obvious cavity, aggressive diagnostic evaluation, including bronchoscopic examination, may define the site of bleeding, thus permitting rapid surgical intervention if the hemoptysis increases.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Cytology and mammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer.

The results of an analysis of the accuracy of two diagnostic tests in a series of 714 patients with breast masses are presented. Fine needle aspiration cytology and mammography each had a false negative rate of 5,3%. Use of a combination of both techniques reduced the number of carcinomas missed to 2,3%. The need for histological examination of dominant discrete breast masses is emphasised.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1976

Trisomy 19 q.

Two sibs with trisomy for the long arm of chromosome 19 are reported. The common features included flat facial profile with microcephaly, hypertelorism, ptosis, prominence of the glabella, small nose with anteverted nostrils and a characteristic fish-shaped mouth. In addition congenital heart disease, physical retardation and seizures were seen in both sibs. That tristomy 19q can be suspected clinically is emphasized.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗