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Biomedical subjects

M Laga

Publications and source records attributed to M Laga.

99 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Postpartum upper genital tract infections in Nairobi, Kenya: epidemiology, etiology, and risk factors.

We investigated the frequency of clinically defined upper genital tract infection (UGTI) and its relation to sexually transmitted diseases and other risk factors among 1,013 women initially studied while in labor at a Nairobi, Kenya maternity hospital. Women were enrolled during labor and followed up at seven days and one month postpartum. Cultures for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis were done at enrollment and at day 7. The prevalence of gonococcal and chlamydial infections was 6.7% and 20.8%, respectively. The overall prevalence of UGTI was 20.3%. The development of UGTI was significantly correlated with gonococcal infection (odds ratio, 4.4; P less than .0001), chlamydial infection (odds ratio, 1.7; P less than .02), presence of ophthalmia neonatorum (odds ratio, 2.6; P less than .0001), labor greater than 12 hr (odds ratio, 1.8; P less than .01), and area of residence (odds ratio, 1.5; P less than .05). Postpartum UGTI, an enormous public health problem in Nairobi, would be partially susceptible to antenatal intervention programs focusing on sexually transmitted diseases.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1987

AIDS in Africa: a public health priority.

AIDS and HIV infection are now endemic in many parts of Africa. The infection is mainly transmitted by heterosexual activity, as illustrated by a 1:1 female to male case ratio and high HIV seroprevalence rates in people at risk for sexually transmitted diseases and female prostitutes. Transmission by blood transfusions, contaminated injections and from mother to child is occurring more frequently than in Europe. AIDS will probably have a profound impact on health care programmes and economic development in the continent, and its control should be a public health priority.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Single-dose therapy of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum with ceftriaxone.

We conducted a randomized clinical trial comparing a single intramuscular dose of 125 mg of ceftriaxone with a single intramuscular dose of 75 mg of kanamycin followed by topical gentamicin for seven days, and with a single intramuscular dose of 75 mg of kanamycin followed by topical tetracycline for seven days, in the treatment of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum in Nairobi, Kenya. Of 122 newborns with culture-proved gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum, 105 returned for follow-up. Sixty-one infants (54 percent) received ceftriaxone, 32 received kanamycin plus topical gentamicin, and 29 received kanamycin plus topical tetracycline. Sixty-six (54 percent) of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates were penicillinase producing. All 55 newborns who received ceftriaxone and returned for follow-up were clinically and microbiologically cured. One of 26 returning newborns who received kanamycin plus tetracycline and 2 of 24 returning newborns who received kanamycin plus gentamicin had persistent or recurrent gonococcal conjunctivitis. Ceftriaxone also eradicated oropharyngeal gonococcal infection in 18 newborns, whereas oropharyngeal infection persisted in 2 of 8 newborns who had received kanamycin (P not significant). We conclude that 125 mg of ceftriaxone as a single intramuscular dose is very effective therapy for gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum, with marked efficacy against extraocular infection and without the need for concomitant topical antimicrobial therapy.

Ceftriaxone↗
PubMed1986

Epidemiology of ophthalmia neonatorum in Kenya.

In a Nairobi hospital where ocular prophylaxis against ophthalmia neonatorum has been discontinued, 1,019 women were screened for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis during labour and 7 and 28 days postpartum. The prevalence of gonococcal infection was 7% and that of chlamydial was 29%. 52.4% of gonococcal isolates produced penicillinase. The incidence of ophthalmia neonatorum was 23.2 per 100 live births, and incidences of gonococcal and chlamydial ophthalmia were 3.6 and 8.1 per 100 live births, respectively. Of 181 cases of neonatal conjunctivitis, 31% were caused by C trachomatis, 12% by N gonorrhoeae, and 3% by both. In 67 babies exposed to maternal gonococcal infection and 201 exposed to maternal chlamydial infection, rates of transmission to the eye were 42% and 31%, respectively, and to the throat were 7% and 2%. Gonococcal transmission rate was higher in mothers with concomitant chlamydial infection (68%; p = 0.01). Postpartum endometritis was associated with ophthalmia neonatorum (p less than 0.001). Ocular prophylaxis at birth for gonococcal ophthalmia should be reintroduced.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemic spread of plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Zaire.

A cohort of 650 prostitutes from Kinshasa, Zaire, was followed at monthly intervals for sexually transmitted diseases as part of an HIV intervention project. Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates, obtained during a period of 30 months, were auxotyped, serotyped and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Among 1085 gonococcal isolates tested, 725 (67%) produced beta-lactamase (PPNG) and 323 (30%) showed plasmid-mediated resistance to tetracyline (TRNG). Over time, the prevalence of PPNG varied between 60 and 73%, while the level of TRNG increased from 11 to 45%.

Democratic Republic of the Congo↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology and control of sexually transmitted diseases in developing countries.

The knowledge of the epidemiology of STD in the developing world had increased considerably during the last decade. This better understanding combined with the emergence of the epidemic of a new fatal STD (HIV) encouraged health planners to define appropriate effective and feasible STD control strategies. Major progress has been made with regard to the primary prevention and optimal case management of STD, both in terms of strategies and feasibility of implementation in field conditions.

Adult↗