Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M L Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to M L Taylor.

120 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Biological and sociocultural approaches of histoplasmosis in the State of Guerrero, Mexico.

Histoplasmosis is a deep mycosis with a high prevalence in America. Its aetiological agent, Histoplasma capsulatum, is found in Mexico, mainly in confined spaces, where it grows on bat guano or bird droppings. A research project has been developed in the State of Guerrero, Mexico, where many contaminated caves and mines are visited by individuals and epidemic outbreaks have been recorded. Data concerning human skin test response to histoplasmin antigen, host genetic predisposition to Histoplasma infection, sociocultural, socioeconomical and ethnobiological aspects of the disease in Guerrero are summarized in this paper.

Culture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mast cells in allergy and host defense.

Mast cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and in inflammatory responses associated with pathological immune and disease-related processes including fibrosis, autoimmune pathology, and neoplasia. Recent findings in animal models of bacterial infection also suggest that mast cells may have a protective role in host defense against pathogens in innate immunity along with the probable role of mast cells in acquired immunity against parasitic infections. Mast cells are strategically located at the host-environment interface and may provide an early defense against an invading pathogen. Mast cells express an array of adhesion and immune receptors that may assist in the recognition of invading pathogens. When activated, these cells then synthesize and release key immunoregulatory cytokines, one consequence of which is to mobilize a rapid and vigorous inflammatory response. However, although it has been demonstrated that mast cells may have a role in innate immunity in defined in vitro and animal models, it remains to be determined whether mast cells are protective in innate immune responses in humans.

Antigen Presentation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The stages of change for dietary fat and fruit and vegetable intake of patients at the outset of a cardiac rehabilitation program.

PURPOSE: To determine the stages of change for dietary fat and fruit and vegetable intake of cardiac patients entering a rehabilitation program. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of newly admitted cardiac rehabilitation patients. SETTING: Department of Pulmonary and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital, Greensboro, North Carolina. SUBJECTS: Subjects (n = 226) were predominantly men, Caucasian, married, smokers with 9 to 12 years of education, and with primary diagnoses of coronary artery bypass graft. MEASURES: Stages of change and food frequency questionnaires were completed by subjects upon admission to cardiac rehabilitation. RESULTS: Subjects in action and maintenance stages for dietary fat reduction comprised 78.7% of the population. Subjects' percentage of energy from fat decreased linearly from the precontemplation stage (38.8%) to the maintenance stage (30.9%). Eighty-one percent of subjects were in precontemplation/contemplation for increasing fruit and vegetable intake. Daily servings of fruits and vegetables ranged from 2.6 for precontemplation to 5.1 for maintenance subjects. Age, body mass index (BMI), education, and family history for coronary disease were unrelated to stage of change for the dependent variables. CONCLUSIONS: Patients were in different stages of change for two nutritional behaviors linked to the same disease. Results support the need to assess patients for food behaviors and apply different educational interventions for each food behavior.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current immunologic and molecular data on the epidemiology of histoplasmosis in Morelos, Mexico].

The aim of the present paper was to analyze current data distribution of systemic mycosis, i.e. histoplasmosis, in the state of Morelos, Mexico. Data were collected based on immunoepidemiologic studies and preliminary molecular-epidemiologic results. The occupational activities of the rural population exposed to risk of infection, findings on genetic polymorphisms, and spread of the causative agent in nature were considered. These will be processed to propose criteria for establishing the prevalence of this mycosis in Morelos and to elaborate an epidemiologic map of the state.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[First isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum from the urban bat Eumops bonariensis].

We report the first isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum from a male bat Eumops bonariensis captured in Buenos Aires city in 2003. The pathogen was recovered from spleen and liver specimens, and was identified by its phenotypic characteristics. PCR with primers 1283, (GTG)5, (GACA)4 and M13 was used to compare both bat isolates with 17 human isolates, 12 from patients residing in Buenos Aires city, and 5 from other countries of the Americas. The profiles obtained with the four primers showed that both bat isolates were identical to each other and closer to Buenos Aires patients than to the other isolates (similarity percentage: 91-100% and 55-97%, respectively). The high genetic relationship between bat isolates and those from patients living in Buenos Aires suggests a common source of infection. This is the first record of E. bonariensis infected with H. capsulatum in the world, and the first isolation of the fungus in the Argentinean Chiroptera population. In the same way as these wild mammals act as reservoir and spread the fungus in the natural environment, infection in urban bats could well be associated with the increase in histoplasmosis clinical cases among immunosuppressed hosts in Buenos Aires city.

Americas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

TSRH instrumentation: evolution of a new system. Part 1. Texas Scottish Rite Hospital.

The TSRH System was designed at Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Crippled Children in Dallas, Texas, to correct spinal deformities in a three-dimensional plane. The system's greatest advantage is its application in spinal revisions. The other advantage to the TSRH system is the crosslink system used in linking paralleling rods for spinal fusion. The TSRH spinal system is paralleled to the Cotrel-Dubousset (CD) system. Advantages of both systems are discussed in this article.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The sixty second nurse.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Kinetics of nasal carboxylesterase-mediated metabolism of vinyl acetate.

Vinyl acetate vapor has been shown to produce tumors of the nasal cavity in rats, but not mice, exposed by the inhalation route. Carboxylesterase-mediated hydrolysis of vinyl acetate produces acetic acid and vinyl alcohol, which rearranges to form acetaldehyde, another nasal carcinogen that could be the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of vinyl acetate. The purpose of this study was to define the kinetics of hydrolysis of vinyl acetate in nasal respiratory and olfactory mucosa of male and female rats and mice. The results showed few differences in kinetic parameters between male and female rats or mice. Differences were observed between mucosae. In respiratory mucosa, Vmax ranged from approximately 22-46 mumol/min/mg protein. In olfactory mucosa, Vmax was significantly higher and ranged from 89 to 165 mumol/min/mg protein. Substrate inhibition was apparent at high substrate concentrations in some cases and for those, a kinetic model that accounted for substrate inhibition fit the data better than a Michaelis-Menten model. The substrate inhibition model yielded Vmax values for olfactory tissues that ranged from 113 to 254 mumol/min/mg protein. The second-order rate constant for binding and catalysis, V/K, ranged from 52 to 79 mumol/min/mg/mM for respiratory tissue and from 270 to 469 mumol/min/mg/mM for olfactory tissue. KM derived from the best-fit models was similar for most tissues and ranged from 0.30 to 1.07 mM. These data demonstrate the high capacity of nasal tissue to metabolize vinyl acetate to acetaldehyde and may explain, in part, vinyl acetate-induced nonneoplastic nasal lesion distribution. However, the data do not account for the species difference in susceptibility to the carcinogenic effects of vinyl acetate.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Strategies of Histoplasma capsulatum for evading the cytocidal mechanisms of phagocytes].

Although proliferation of Histoplasma capsulatum within the macrophage is restricted by cell mediated immunity and, that there is no apparent deficiency in the fungicidal power of the macrophage, H. capsulatum can prosper in this intracellular microenvironment in some circumstances, which provides special nutritional advantages to intracellular growth for H. capsulatum, and access to other organs via the bloodstream and lymphatics. Nevertheless the environment within professional phagocytes is complex and generally hostile to microorganisms. Intracellular pathogens must avoid or overcome a series of obstacles in order to prevent their destruction. We present the strategies used by H. capsulatum to escape the host cell aggressiveness from the moment it reaches the cell surface up to its survival inside the phagocyte. Our aim is to discuss the advances on the escape mechanisms used by H. capsulatum to survive in the intracellular environment.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Production of fungal antigens from local strains for the immunodiagnosis of mycoses in Mexico].

Fungal antigens with good reactivity and specificity are essential for the immunodiagnosis of systemic mycoses. We give here data on crude and purified antigens of Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioidis immitis and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis from local strains and which are the more prevalent in Mexico. The crude antigens had good reactivity in precipitating and skin testing whereas the purified antigens (DPPC: deproteinized polysaccharide protein complex) had a higher specificity in more sensitive tests such as ELISA and complement fixation. Our efficiency analysis showed that the crude antigens are best for epidemiologic studies due to their low cost, easy handling and fast detection. The purified ones are suited to establish with more precision the diagnosis of systemic mycoses.

Antigens, Fungal↗