Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M L Smith

Publications and source records attributed to M L Smith.

514 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Intelligence profiles in children and adolescents with left temporal lobe epilepsy: relationship to language laterality.

Pre- and postoperative IQ profiles were examined in children and adolescents with left temporal-lobe epilepsy. Participants were grouped according to their pattern of speech dominance, as indicated by the intracarotid sodium amobarbital procedure. Seven participants with typical (left hemisphere) speech representation were matched for age and sex to seven participants with atypical (bilateral or right hemisphere) speech representation. The group with atypical speech representation tended to perform worse pre- and postoperatively on several verbal and nonverbal subtests. Unlike Strauss et al.'s (1990) sample, however, the groups did not differ significantly on pre- or postoperative Performance IQ. The results suggest that when individuals are matched closely for age and sex, there may only be limited support for a nonverbal "crowding" hypothesis. Atypical speech representation in children and adolescents with early temporal-lobe epilepsy appears to be associated with lowered performance on both verbal and nonverbal IQ subtests.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Controlling for stimulus dominance effects in the Fused Dichotic Words Test when predicting speech lateralization in children.

A log-linear analysis (Grimshaw et al., 1994) of Fused Dichotic Words Test data was examined in a sample of 28 children with epilepsy who had undergone the intracarotid amobarbital procedure to determine the nature of speech representation. The analysis yields a measure of ear dominance (lambda*) that controls for stimulus dominance confounds. Most patients with unilateral speech obtained statistically significant ear advantages, whereas most with bilateral speech displayed no significant ear advantage. Despite controlling for stimulus dominance confounds, some of the scores from patients with left-hemisphere speech overlapped with those from patients with bilateral speech representation.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sensitivity of cyclin E-overexpressing cells to cisplatin/taxol combinations.

Combinations of anticancer drugs, referred to as "combinatorial" chemotherapy, is often used in the treatment of cancer patients. Recent advances in our understanding of cell cycle and cellular stress responses may be viewed in the context of responses to anticancer drugs. A desired outcome is cell death preferentially occurring in cancer cells. We report that cyclin E, an oncogene that is deregulated in breast and other human cancers, can sensitize cancer cells to cisplatin/taxol combinations. The drug combination may selectively induce apoptosis in cyclin E-overexpressing cells.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Whole body retention of diphosphonate in rheumatoid arthritis.

The skeletal metabolism of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) osteoarthritis (OA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has been assessed by 24-h whole body retention of 99mTc diphosphonate (WBR). Values for RA and AS patients were significantly elevated but those of OA patients were not when compared to age and sex matched controls (27.0 +/- 8.6 vs 20.5 +/- 1.8%; 24.8 +/- 5.4 vs 19.4 +/- 1.5% greater than and 21.4 +/- 4.1 vs 21.2 +/- 1.4%, respectively). The WBR of patients taking steroids was greatly elevated and RA inpatients had higher values than outpatients, but the increased WBR could not be correlated with disease activity. The increased WBR in RA may represent an indirect effect possibly related to immobility.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in bone density with lactation.

OBJECTIVE: To test the a priori hypotheses that significant bone loss occurs in lactation of greater than 5 months' duration and that bone mass returns to baseline levels when breast-feeding ceases. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study design of 12 months' duration. SETTING: General community setting with recruitment occurring at birthing education classes. PARTICIPANTS: Volunteer sample of 98 healthy women of white (n = 95) and Asian (n = 3) origin, aged 20 to 40 years, and 0 to 1 parity prior to parturition, grouped according to lactation duration: 0 through 1, 2 through 5, and 6 or more months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur was measured by dual-energy x-ray densitometry at 2 weeks (baseline), 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and 12 months following parturition, and BMD of the lumbar spine was measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months after parturition. RESULTS: Women with lactation duration of 6 months or longer had mean BMD losses of 5.1% and 4.8% at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, respectively, comparing baseline values with those at 6 months post partum. Women who breast-fed 0 through 1 month lost no BMD at either bone site. Bone loss in women who breast-fed 6 months or longer was not explained by differences in age, diet, body size, or physical activity. Among women who breast-fed 6 months or longer, there was evidence of return to baseline levels of the lumbar spine at 12 months after parturition. The BMD of the lumbar spine of those women who continued to breast-feed more than 9 months had increased but was still significantly lower than baseline. CONCLUSION: Extended lactation (> or = 70% of energy intake is provided for > or = 6 months) is associated with bone loss; however, there is evidence of return to baseline BMD measurement at 12 months after parturition.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Religious insistence on medical treatment. Christian theology and re-imagination.

Families and surrogates sometimes use religious themes to justify their insistence on aggressive end-of-life care. Their hope that "God will work a miracle" can halt negotiations with health care professionals and lead to litigation. The possibility of "re-imagining" religious themes, to broaden their scope and present a wider vision of the Christian tradition, may offer a solution.

Attitude to Death↗