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Biomedical subjects

M L Skolnick

Publications and source records attributed to M L Skolnick.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Sonography of cholesterol in the biliary system.

The sonographic features of cholesterol within the biliary system are reviewed and a new sign is described. That cholesterol causes high reflecting echoes and may cause shadowing has been known; however, its ability to cause reverberatory artifactual echoes has not been previously appreciated. These sonographic features, while not specific, should favor the diagnosis of cholesterol stones and cholesterol polyps in the appropriate clinical situation.

Bile Duct Diseases↗
PubMed1984

Barium sulphate coating of the nasopharynx in lateral view videofluoroscopy.

There is disagreement regarding the usefulness of barium nasopharyngeal coating for clinical velopharyngeal evaluation. One hundred and thirty lateral videofluoroscopic studies performed both with and without barium at the same sitting were reviewed to evaluate multiple structural and functional characteristics of velopharyngeal valving behavior during speech production. Clinical ratings of hypernasality were also available for 105 of the patients studied by x-ray. Agreement between ratings of hypernasality and radiographic evidence of VP incompetency did not differ with respect to the presence or absence of barium. However, velopharyngeal incompetence was generally judged to be greater when the barium coating was used. The barium coating also provided more information as to the presence or absence of Passavant's ridge, generalized posterior pharyngeal wall movement, and palatal asymmetry. However, because the barium may produce artifacts or occasionally obscure structures, we recommend that lateral videofluoroscopy be performed both with and without barium.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1983

Value of portable real-time ultrasound in the ICU.

A 2-yr retrospective analysis was undertaken of the value of portable real-time sonography on 107 patients in the ICU. A total of 88 abnormal findings were detected in 69 of 107 patients. Of these, 36 were clinically significant as the patients' therapy and clinical courses were modified by the ultrasound findings. In many instances, where the ultrasound findings were negative, this information had, nevertheless, important ramifications to the clinician and was frequently as helpful to him as a positive finding. A 20% yield of unsuspected abnormalities was also found, some of which were clinically significant and warranted specific action. We believe that the portable real-time ultrasound examination is, indeed, a valuable diagnostic tool to the ICU clinician and is most likely underutilized.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A comparative study of four methods of evaluating velopharyngeal adequacy.

Forty-eight subjects with repaired palatal clefts were divided into three major groups on the basis of speech symptoms and were examined for velopharyngeal valving integrity by means of the R-D nasal manometer, pressure-flow techniques, the Hunter oral manometer, and videofluoroscopy. Videofluoroscopy appeared to provide data that most nearly agreed with predictions of valving made from speech. The Hunter oral manometer was the least useful of the four techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The nonspecificity of the thyroid halo sign.

In a series of 28 patients with solitary solid thyroid masses, 10 of the patients had a mass surrounded by a rim of decreased echoes or by an echo-free rim, previously termed the halo sign. Eight of these lesions were benign, being either adenomas or benign nodules; however, two halos were also demonstrated surrounding proven carcinomas. The presence of the halo in both benign and malignant disease is illustrated, and the possibility of pericapsular inflammatory infiltrate as its underlying anatomic correlate is suggested.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Sonographic examination of the abnormal scrotum.

Sonography of scrotal masses is now being evaluated as an adjunct to clinical examination in assessment of scrotal masses. The accuracy of ultrasound in discrimination of solid and cystic masses cannot be disputed. This paper will report on the reasons for referral, the sonographic diagnosis and effect on clinical management of 20 patients. Lesions examined include hydrocele, haematocele, epididymal lesions, abscess and solid testicular masses. A brief review of current literature will also be considered. An analysis will be made of diagnostic accuracy including ability to anatomically locate abnormalities.

Genital Diseases, Male↗
PubMed1980

The effect of pharyngeal flap surgery on the movements of the lateral pharyngeal walls.

Observations of prepharyngeal and postpharyngeal flap degrees of lateral pharyngeal wall movement seem to indicate that some individuals have the ability to alter patterns of lateral pharyngeal wall motion. However, most of the subjects did not show changes in lateral pharyngeal wall motion, and in those who did show changes, the effects of speech therapy could not be excluded. Therefore, the suggestion that pharyngeal flaps should be "tailored" to the size of the gap in the velopharyngeal sphincter seems valid. Or, to put it differently, it seems likely that in many individuals, if the pharyngeal flap constructed is not as broad as the velopharyngeal gap, velopharyngeal insufficiency and hypernasality are likely to persist because most often the lateral pharyngeal wall movement will not adapt to the presence of a new structure in the pharynx.

Endoscopy↗
PubMed1980

The use and limitations of the barium pharyngogram in the detection of velopharyngeal insufficiency.

A barium pharyngogram was incorporated into the multiview videofluoroscopic evaluation of the velopharyngeal portal in 195 subjects in order to assess its usefulness in demonstrating competence or incompetence. Reflux of barium was always associated with a velopharyngeal gap and/or hypernasality; however, the absence of reflux was not similarly diagnostic. The pharyngogram proved to be useful in confirming the presence of a palatal or pharyngeal-flap fistula. While it is helpful in assessing velopharyngeal closure in selected cases, it should not be used in the absence of other information.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Ultrasonography of hemorrhagic splenic cysts.

Cysts arising from the spleen are much less common than those arising from other organs such as kidney, liver, and ovary (1). Hemorrhagic cysts of the spleen are rare (1), but we have encountered two patients with this entitiy. The ultrasonograms in each patient demonstrated gravity-dependent layering of two fluids of distinctly different echogenicity. The fluids were contained within a spherical mass. Acoustic enhancement was exhibited behind the mass in each case. This suggested the diagnosis of hemorrhagic cyst.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Ultrasonic detection of pericardial effusions adjacent to the right atrium during routine examination of the upper abdomen.

Pericardial effusions are usually detected on ultrasound by examining the heart with time--motion (T/M) or real-time equipment through a left chest intercostal space. Since fluid within the pericardium also accumulated around the right atrium, effusions can also be diagnosed by observing fluid separating the right atrium from hemidiaphragm on parasagittal scans of the right upper abdomen. In order to be certain that this space represents pericardial rather than pleural fluid, the inferior vena cava must be identified along the lower margin of the fluid space as a tubular structure traversing from the diaphragm into the right atrium. Our procedure is proposed as an ancillary approach for detecting clinica-ly unsuspected effusions during the routine examination of the upper abdomen rather than as a replacement for the usual method of visualising pericardial effusions.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1979

Detection of dilated cerebral ventricles in infants: a correlative study between ultrasound and computed tomography.

Cross-sectional ultrasonic (US) and computed tomographic (CT) scans were obtained to compare their relative accuracies in determining cerebral ventricular size in 20 infants less than one year of age. The goal was to determine whether ultrasound imaging techniques could replace CT in the serial evaluation of the lateral ventricles, particularly in patients with ventricular shunts. The US images were obtained with a servo-controlled real-time sector and trapezoid scanner of the authors' own design. In 85% of the infants, biventricular width by US and CT differed by less than 0.5 cm, and in 95% by less than 1 cm.

Brain Diseases↗