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Biomedical subjects

M L Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to M L Sharma.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Hemato-clinical changes in phenylhydrazine-induced acute hemolytic anaemia in calves.

Acute anaemia was induced in calves aged 1 week, using the oxidant chemical phenylhydrazine-hydrochloride (PHH). The hematoclinical responses to graded doses were evaluated. Mild anaemia was observed with the 60 mg/kg body weight (B.W.) dose. The 100 mg/kg B.W. dose was too toxic. The sublethal 80 mg/kg B.W. dose produced the desired type of hemolytic anaemia, the peak of which being observed on d 4 post-injection (p.i.). Hemolytic anaemia was evidenced by hemoglobinaemia and hemoglobinuria. The acute toxicity symptoms lasted for about 30 min. Thereafter, the animals appeared to overcome the stress. In general, increases in pulse and respiration coincided with progress of the hemolytic syndrome. Peak response occurred 48 to 60 h p.i.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Pathomorphological changes in calf erythrocytes during phenylhydrazine-induced acute hemolytic anaemia.

In acute hemolytic anaemia of calves induced with phenylhydrazine-hydrochloride, accentuated degenerative changes in circulating erythrocytes occurred on the 5th d post-injection. Marked anisocytosis and poikilocytosis were observed. Crenated cells, acanthocytes (star-shaped cells), dacrocytes (tear drop cells), bite cells, and schistocytes predominated. Heinz bodies were the cytoplasmic hallmark of hemolytic anaemia. The regenerative nature of anaemia was evidenced by early appearance of reticulocytes in peripheral blood.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Cardiac injuries--a clinical and autopsy profile.

One hundred two patients sustaining cardiac injuries over a 4-year period were analysed to highlight the natural history of the cardiac injuries. There were 45 blunt, 36 stab, and 21 gunshot injuries. The injury involved the ventricle in 85, atrium in seven, pulmonary artery in five cases, and resulted in crush injury to the heart in the remaining five cases. Thirty-three patients (32.3%) died on the scene and 58 (56.9%) died during the transportation. Only 11 patients (10.8%) reached the hospital alive, and ten of these patients survived following thoracotomy and repair of the cardiac injury. The factors influencing the natural course of cardiac injury were analysed: 2.2% of patients with blunt cardiac trauma reached the hospital alive compared to 19.4% with stab and 14.3% with gunshot injuries; ventricular injuries had a greater prehospital mortality compared to atrial or pulmonary artery injuries; 11.3% of patients sustaining injury to right ventricle reached the hospital alive compared to 3% of those with left ventricular injuries. These data emphasize the need for rapid transport, immediate recognition, and aggressive surgical management, to make a favourable impact on the natural history of cardiac injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Surgical experience with diseases of the tricuspid valve. Cross-sectional and Doppler echocardiographic evaluation following DeVega's repair.

Seventy-eight patients undergoing mitral valve surgery with or without replacement of the aortic valve also underwent procedures on the tricuspid valve over a period of 10 years. All patients were in functional class III or IV preoperatively. The procedures were performed in all patients with organic disease of the tricuspid valve (N = 44) and in those with moderate or severe functional tricuspid valvar regurgitation (N = 34). Seventy-one patients underwent DeVega's annuloplasty with or without commissurotomy. The overall mortality was 11.5%. 65 long-term survivors were followed up for a period of 6 months to 10 years (mean 5.3 years). Sixty-three patients were in functional class I or II at the last follow-up. Six patients had clinical evidence of mild to moderate tricuspid regurgitation. Regression of cardiomegaly (as judged by the chest radiograph and right ventricular hypertrophy seen in the electrocardiogram) was evident in most cases. Fifty-one of 54 patients evaluated by cross-sectional echocardiography were reported to have a functionally normal tricuspid valve. Doppler echocardiography in 28 patients showed no significant tricuspid regurgitation or stenosis in 26 patients. Eleven consecutive patients undergoing DeVega's annuloplasty were studied prospectively with pre- and postoperative Doppler echocardiography. Good correlation existed between right ventricular systolic pressures predicted by Doppler with those obtained preoperatively at cardiac catheterization. Postoperative Doppler echocardiography in these 11 patients showed complete restoration of competence of the tricuspid valve as well as normalisation of the right ventricular systolic pressure in 10 patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Anti-arthritic activity of boswellic acids in bovine serum albumin (BSA)-induced arthritis.

The effect of boswellic acids on bovine serum albumin (BSA)-induced arthritis in rabbits was studied. Oral administration of boswellic acids (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day) significantly reduced the population of leucocytes in a BSA-injected knee and changed the electrophoretic pattern of the synovial fluid proteins. The local injection of boswellic acids (5, 10 and 20 mg) into the knee 15 min prior to BSA challenge also significantly reduced the infiltration of leucocytes into the knee joint, reduced the infiltration of leucocytes into the pleural cavity and inhibited the migration of PMN in vitro. The leucocyte-inhibitory activity of boswellic acids was not due to its cytotoxic effect. The boswellic acids did not show any detergent or surfactant properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Hypotensive activity of 8,24-euphadien-3 beta-ol (euphol).

8,24-Euphadien-3 beta-ol (euphol) on i.v. administration was found to exhibit a hypotensive activity in normotensive anesthetised dogs and rats which varied from a slight to a marked degree depending upon the dose range. Euphol inhibited various autonomic pressor and depressor responses. The hypotensive effect was not affected in dogs pretreated with atropine, antistine, and beta-blockers and in bilaterally vagotomised and carotid sinus denervated animals. The fall in blood pressure was enhanced in spinal transected and eviscerated dogs and after ganglion blockade with hexamethonium. Localisation of euphol to central cardiovascular loci displayed no effect on blood pressure. The LD50 in mice was found to be 1500 mg/kg i.p. and greater than 2 g/kg by the oral route.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Quantitation of pancuronium, 3-desacetylpancuronium, vecuronium, 3-desacetylvecuronium, pipecuronium and 3-desacetylpipecuronium in biological fluids by capillary gas chromatography using nitrogen-sensitive detection.

A sensitive and specific capillary gas chromatographic (GC) assay was developed for the quantitation of the quaternary ammonium steroidal neuromuscular blocking drugs pancuronium (PANC), vecuronium (VEC) and pipecuronium (PIP), as well as the metabolites 3-desacetylpancuronium (3-desPANC) and 3-desacetylvecuronium (3-des VEC) in plasma, bile and urine; the putative metabolite 3-desacetylpipecuronium (3-des PIP) was extracted and quantitated only in urine. The procedure employed a single dichloromethane extraction of the iodide ion-pairs of the monoquaternary or bisquaternary ammonium compounds (including internal and external standards) from acidified, ether-washed biological fluid followed by the formation of stable O-tert.-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives at the 3-hydroxy steroidal position of the metabolites. An automated capillary GC system fitted with a nitrogen-sensitive detector and an integrator was then used to analyze and quantitate both parent compounds and their derivatized metabolites. Optimal extraction, derivatization and GC conditions, as well as short-term stability and recoveries of these drugs and metabolites in plasma, are reported. Electron ionization mass spectrometry combined with GC was used to confirm the identities of compounds eluted from the column. The assay demonstrated a 10(3)-fold linear range up to 5000 ng/ml for PANC, VEC, 3-des VEC and PIP, and lower limits of detection with adequate precision of 2 ng/ml for PANC, VEC and PIP, and 4 ng/ml for 3-des VEC; 3-des PANC was linear from 8 to 500 ng/ml while 3-des PIP was linear from 25 to 1000 ng/ml. The precision (coefficient of variation) of the calibration curves for underivatized drugs and their derivatized metabolites over the linear ranges was 2-20% and the reproducibility of the assay over a range of clinical concentrations of these drugs found in human plasma was 5-16% for PANC, 2-4% for VEC and 6-11% for PIP. No interferences were detected in the assay of plasma samples from 106 surgical patients.

Androstane-3,17-diol↗
PubMed1988

Effect of salai guggal ex-Boswellia serrata on cellular and humoral immune responses and leucocyte migration.

Effect of alcoholic extract of salai guggal (AESG) was studied on cellular and humoral immune responses in mice and leucocyte migration in rats. Oral administration of AESG strongly inhibited the antibody production and cellular responses to sheep red blood cells in mice. It inhibited the infiltration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and reduced the volume of pleural exudate in carrageenan induced pleurisy in rats. It showed no cytotoxic effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Surgical experience with intracardiac myxomas.

Eighteen patients underwent surgery for intracardiac myxoma (16 left atrial and 2 right atrial) during the last 10 years. Seventeen patients had tumour stalk attached to the oval fossa. The myxoma was excised along with a cuff of the atrial septum, which was reconstructed using a Dacron patch in 15 patients and by direct suture in 2 patients. In the remaining case the myxoma was attached to the left atrial wall and adjacent atrioventricular junction. There was only one early death in a patient who underwent a concomitant lobectomy for lung abscess and one late death due to a noncardiac cause. During the follow-up period of 3-96 months (average 36 months) all the survivors were in New York Heart Association Class I. Scanning electron microscopy of tumour tissue was done in 8 cases. The morphological findings did not help in categorizing the tumours into any pathological subgroups. Postoperative cardiac catheterization done in 3 patients (30-50 months postoperatively) showed return of haemodynamics to normal. Echocardiographic studies done postoperatively have not revealed recurrence of tumour in any patient. Surgical excision of myxomas is possible with very gratifying long-term results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Closed mitral valvotomy during pregnancy. A 20-year experience.

Closed mitral valvotomy for rheumatic mitral stenosis was performed on 126 pregnant women (average duration of pregnancy c. 21 weeks), 91% of whom were in NYHA functional class III or IV. Associated functional tricuspid regurgitation was present in 47 (37%) of the women, and 102 (81%) had critical mitral stenosis (digitally assessed valve area less than 1 cm2). There was no surgical mortality. Postoperatively 84% of the women were in NYHA class I. Clinical evidence of pulmonary artery hypertension and tricuspid regurgitation regressed postoperatively in most patients. Full-term normal delivery was achieved in 82% of the pregnancies, with total fetal mortality 6%. There were no congenital abnormalities and the infants' progress was normal. At 5-year follow-up 86% of the women were in NYHA class I or II and at 10 years the figure was 60%. The restenosis rate was 2%/year and the late mortality 3.3%. Closed mitral valvotomy during pregnancy thus was safe and reliable, giving significant functional and clinical improvement without adversely affecting the fetus.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Pregnancy in patients with prosthetic cardiac valve. A 10-year experience.

Pregnancy after valve replacement has been considered hazardous because of maternal and fetal complications secondary to anticoagulant medication, in addition to basic myocardial problems. Of 229 females aged 15-45 years with prosthetic valve replacement, 37 (including 34 with Björk-Shiley valve and anticoagulants) subsequently had a total of 47 pregnancies. Fullterm delivery of a normal infant was achieved in 40 cases. There were three premature births, two spontaneous abortions, one stillbirth and one ectopic pregnancy. The fetal mortality was 8.5%. Valve thrombosis developed in two cases, but surgical treatment was successful. Oral anticoagulants (acenocoumarin and dipyridamole) were continued throughout pregnancy. Heparin was substituted before labour began, but discontinued after delivery, when effective oral anticoagulation was resumed. Our experience showed that pregnancy in women with mechanical heart valve prosthesis and continued oral intake of anticoagulants is safe and successful in most cases.

Acenocoumarol↗
PubMed1988

Chest injuries: a clinical and autopsy profile.

The clinical profiles and management of 236 consecutive chest injury patients treated and followed up at All India Institute of Medical Sciences between January 1983 and July 1985 were analyzed prospectively. There were 149 blunt and 87 penetrating injuries; 21 patients (9%) required thoracotomy. Single- or multiple-tube thoracostomy was performed in 141 patients (60%). The remaining 74 patients (31%) required only observation for a period of 24-48 hours. Fifteen patients (6.3%) died, the mortality being related to head injury in four, irreversible hypovolemic shock in four, pulmonary embolism in three, septicemia in two, and respiratory failure in two. Nonfatal complications included residual hemothorax in 18 cases, persistent air leak in 13, pulmonary infection in eight, pulmonary embolism in one, and empyema in one. The average hospital stay was 6.9 days. Evidence of chest injury of various magnitudes was found in 756 of 2,286 autopsies conducted for trauma-deaths during the same study period analyzed retrospectively; however, it was the major cause of death in only 147 (19%). Cardiac injuries accounted for 41% of the deaths resulting primarily from chest trauma. Only 10% of the patients who sustained cardiac injury reached hospital alive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Quantitative correlation between plasma pyridostigmine levels and neuromuscular function in myasthenia gravis.

In 10 patients with myasthenia gravis, we studied the relationship between plasma pyridostigmine levels and five measures of neuromuscular function (NMF) following single oral doses of 60 to 120 mg. The NMF measures were percent decrement of the evoked muscle compound potential, maximum force, force-time integral, vital capacity, and outstretched-arm time. The combined mean improvement was most significant 2 hours after pyridostigmine ingestion and coincided with the peak plasma pyridostigmine levels in eight patients. In seven patients, there was a positive correlation between plasma pyridostigmine levels and the mean percent improvement.

Adult↗