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Biomedical subjects

M L Olson

Publications and source records attributed to M L Olson.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

The slide centrifuge gram stain as a urine screening method.

A slide centrifuge Gram stain procedure was performed to screen for bacteriuria 4161 urine specimens submitted in urine preservative tubes for routine culture. For slide centrifuge Gram staining, each urine sample was mixed well. Thereafter, 0.2 mL of each sample was placed, using a pipette, into a slide centrifuge chamber and centrifuged at 2,000 rpm for 5 minutes. The slides were heat fixed, Gram stained, and read by laboratory personnel who scanned 12 consecutive oil-immersion fields using a set pattern. The presence of the same organism in six or more fields was defined as a positive urine screen. Urine samples were cultured using a 0.001-mL loop and a comparison of culture growth with slide centrifuge screening was made. When growth of 100,000 or more colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) was the reference for comparison, the screen had a sensitivity rate of 98%, a specificity rate of 90%, a negative predictive value of 99%, and a positive predictive value of 65%. When a lower colony count of 10,000 or more CFU/mL was the reference for comparison, the screen had a sensitivity rate of 88%, a specificity rate of 95%, a negative predictive value of 96%, and a positive predictive value of 84%. The slide centrifuge Gram stain is a very sensitive screening method to detect bacteriuria in an adult male population.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Use of a needle valve variable resistor to improve invasive blood pressure monitoring.

Inaccurate measurements using in-line systems are partly due to the resonance frequency. A variable acoustic resistor designed to change the damping coefficient of these monitoring systems was evaluated under clinical conditions. The device improved pressure transmission characteristics in measurements on 12 of 13 patients. Use of the device and of the bedside step-impulse test for calibration should improve the reliability of in-line blood pressure monitoring.

Blood Pressure Determination↗
PubMed1981

Methemoglobinemia induced by local anesthetics.

A case of methemoglobinemia secondary to topical local anesthetic agents is reported. A 28-year-old, 80-kg white man was admitted to a hospital for respiratory distress two days after an accident. During intubation, Cetacaine (benzocaine, butamben, and tetracaine) spray and Americaine (benzocaine) ointment were used topically for local anesthesia. Ninety minutes later, the patient was cyanotic despite ventilation, and an arterial blood sample was chocolate-brown and contained 29 d/dl methemoglobin (normal less than 1.7 g/ dl). Methylene blue, 80 mg as a 1% solution in 5% dextrose in water, was infused over 20 minutes, and hte patient's cyanosis disappeared within the next 30 minutes. The following afternoon, the patient was reintubated, using 4% lidocaine and benzocaine as local anesthetics. He again developed cyanosis. Methylene blue again cleared the cyanosis. Abnormal hemoglobin variants and NADH-methemoglobin reductase deficiency were ruled out as sources of methemoglobinemia. A discussion of methemoglobinemia, including biochemistry, pathogenesis, symptomatology, and management, is presented. If cyanosis occurs following application of local anesthetics, methemoglobinemia secondary to these drugs should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disability and rehabilitation in head and neck cancer patients after treatment.

In an effort to obtain quantitative and qualitative information regarding the extent of disability sustained following definitive treatment for head and neck cancer, 51 patients--28 who had had laryngectomy and 23 who had had other major surgery--were interviewed. Also examined were the types of rehabilitation measures taken. In all cases, the following areas in which disability could occur were identified and explored: physical appearance, speech, deglutition, mastication, salivation, sensory deficits, cranial motor-nerve deficits, pain, nutrition, activities of daily living, psychosocial functioning, vocational status, environmental parameters, and delayed complications. Where appropriate, ratings and delineations of severity were compiled. Nine methods of rehabilitation were assessed with regard to frequency of utilization: surgical reconstruction, dental-maxillofacial prosthetics, speech therapy, physical therapy, rehabilitation nursing, occupational therapy, vocational rehabilitation, rehabilitation counseling, and social service. Our conclusions were that half of the patients studied had sustained significant disability in three to four areas, while 43% had moderate or severe disability in five to nine areas. Additionally, the head and neck surgeon was found to have used surgical reconstruction and dental-maxillofacial prosthetic measures, as well as the services of seven categories of allied health professionals, to provide rehabilitation.

Deglutition↗