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Biomedical subjects

M L Moss

Publications and source records attributed to M L Moss.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Two-way television: an experiment in interactive programming for the elderly.

This study was conducted to 1) assess the effectiveness of an experimental two-way cable TV system in reaching the older people for whom it was designed, and 2) assess the attraction of this locally-based age-targeted system for its viewers. The study evaluates the system's effectiveness in reaching its target audience by examining information about the types of viewers--both younger and older--who have been attracted to the system. In addition, differences in factors that predict viewing frequency for younger and older people are used to illuminate life stage differences in people's attraction to locally-based TV programming. Findings show that the system had successfully reached its target audience within two years of inception. Watching the interactive TV programs because of the system's provision of information about local events and because of the senior citizens' focus strongly predicted viewing frequency for both older and younger respondents. The ability of locally-based interactive TV programming to serve social and informational needs of older people which are unmet by traditional broadcast television is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Studies on orthocephalization. IV. Differential growth of the sphenooccipital synchondosis in the rat.

The growth of the bone ends articulating through the sphenooccipital synchondrosis in the rat occurs differentially. Considerably more bone is during growth formed in the pharyngeal part of the anterior end of the basioccipital bone than in the cerebral part. The same conditions hold good for the posterior end of the basisphenoid bone, although to a less degree. These conclusions have been reached by studying the distribution of alkaline phosphatase reaction in the perichondrium covering the sphenooccipital synchondrosis. Extension of reaction to this enzyme in perichondria has previously been shown to be a measure of growth rate. Sections of the sphenooccipital synchondrosis from 10 rats 10 days ago, incubated for reactions to alkaline phosphatase have formed the basis of the study. Quantitative expressions of the extension of enzymatic reaction have been collected. Statistical treatment of these data have resulted in the above mentioned conclusions.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Studies on orthocephalization. V. peripheral positional stability of the rat cranial frame in the period between 14 and 150 days.

In the period from 14 to 150 days, the zygomatic arch of the rat skull possesses a marked positional stability in relation to the parietal bone, the basisphenoid bone and the length axis of the skull. These conclusions have been drawn from a study of 27 male rats, X-rayed at regular intervals between 14 and 150 days. From the X-ray photos, quantitative expressions of angular values between the mentioned structures have been obtained. The significance of the observations is discussed. It is emphasized that the demonstrated stability of these structural components of the rat skull during growth is in marked contrast to the extent of movements which take place between other parts of the skull during orthocephalization.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Epigenetic regulation of the shape and position of the auricle in the rat.

We hypothesized that epigenetic (non-genomic) factors, related to muscular function, significantly regulate the shape and position of the auricular cartilage. We tested this experimentally by doing unilateral partial and total facial neurectomies, auricular myectomies, and ear rotations with skin excisions in rats. The neurectomies produced muscle atrophy, abolished the horizontal scaphoid ridging, and produced characteristic changes in the auricular shape. The myectomies of extrinsic auricular musculature alone were followed routinely by complete muscle regeneration and no changes in shape. The auricular rotations, with skin excision, produced an antihelix-like complex analogous to the human ear--a configuration that was permanent and was accompanied by muscle relocation. The findings are believed to support our hypothesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Spatial position of the lateral semicircular canal in 14--60-day-old rat heads.

During growth the rat skull straightens considerably due to flexions between skull parts and individual bones. This straightening is defined as orthocephalization. Orthocephalization might also be caused by a change in head posture during growth, i.e. it may be "apparent". In order to study the significance of this phenomenon, radiographs of dried skulls of male rats, 14, 30 and 60 d of age were subjected to angular measurements between the plane of the lateral semicircular canal and the plane of foramen magnum and of the basisphenoid bone, respectively. When the plane of the lateral semicircular canal is placed horizontally, the head is claimed to be in natural position. No changes in the angulation between the lateral semicircular canal and the basisphenoid bone could be revealed, whereas the foramen magnum was shown to rotate upwards and backwards in relation to the plane of the canal. This implies that the orthocephalization which takes place between 14 and 60 d is caused only by angular changes, and that no apparent changes occur due to changes in head posture.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Studies on orthocephalization. 2. Flexions of the rat head in the period between 14 and 60 days after gestation.

The present paper considers the significance of a variety of cranial flexions in the process of orthocephalization of the rat skull between 14 and 60 days postnatally. The study is based on a sample of 27 male rats, who have been x-rayed at 14, 30 and 60 days with subsequent analyses of the photographs obtained. In this period the angle between the cranial base and the facial part of the skull becomes more obtuse, i.e. the skull becomes more orthocranial. The cranial base becomes at the same time more airobasal (lordotic). Angular changes between the individual bones in the cranial vault straightens the vault markedly. By this it becomes orthodorsal. As the angle between the basisphenoid and the parietal bones stays more or less constant between 14 and 60 days, the impression is created that both the anterior and posterior parts of the neural skull rotate upwards relative to this bone complex. Thus, orthocephalization in the period between 14 and 60 days both consists of flexions between the facial and neural parts of the skull (prebasal flexions), and may be more importantly of interosseous ventral and dorsal flexions.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Studies on orthocephalization of the rat head. I. A model system for the study of adjustive cranical growth processes.

Mammalian cephalogenesis is characterized by several morphological processes, among which are alteration in spatial position and angular relationships (flexions) between the several bones of both the neural and facial skulls, as well as similar alterations between neurocranium and splanchnocranium. Prior classifications of cranial flexions were reviewed and a more expansive typology given, one which provided for the analysis of cranial flexions in terms of the concepts of the method of functional cranial analysis. On the basis of available data it was suggested that the study of the totality of cranial flexures (termed orthocephalization) occurring during the growth of the rat head could serve as a useful model system by means of which it would be possible to construct and test a hypothesis concerning the processes of adjustive cranial growth which must accompany any cranial flexions.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Effects of occlusal attrition and continuous eruption on odontometry of rat molars.

Recurrent reports by others of posteruptive dimensional increase of the crowns of rat molar teeth were analyzed in the context of our present study of occlusal attrition, continuous eruption and alteration of the occlusal planes of rat maxillary molar teeth with age. Marked attrition of the anatomical crowns occurs, together with a considerable continuous eruption that increasingly brings the markedly convex mesial root of the maxillary first molar into the clinical crown. Further, a slight change in occlusal plane occurs. Previous workers used standardized planes of orientation and of registration prior to measurement, which masked the phenomena mentioned above. They thus mistakenly reported increased coronal dimensions.

Aging↗
PubMed1977

Implantation of porous polymethylmethacrylate resin for tooth and bone replacement.

This study suggests that: 1. The porous plastic material tested is compatible with and showed no undesirable reactions in subcutaneous, intracerebral, intramuscular, and especially, intraosseous sites. 2. By standardizing porosity (e.g., a desired hole, any dimension, uniformly distributed) with the implant material (P.P.M.M.), one can predict with a degree of certainty that connective-tissue (collagen fibers) or hard-tissue (osteogenesis and reparative bone) ingrowth into these micropores will definitely occur. 3. The various shapes employed for implantation of the plastic material were not carcinogenic and did not cause a malignant reaction in any implanted region. 4. A close "amalgamation" with adjacent tissues was a result regardless of the implant site (e.g., intramuscular, intracerebral, or subcutaneous). Intraosseously, there was a variation. Depending upon the pore size, one observes either connective tissue or osseous ingrowth into the micropores. At a 100 micron pore size (B material), connective tissue ingrowth into the P.P.M.M. was seen. At the 450 micron size (E material), osseous tissue ingrowth into the P.P.M.M. was clearly observed. 5. The P.P.M.M. implant material can be used as a tooth replacement (e.g., for a root) at a small pore size (100 micron) and as a bone replacement (e.g., for bony defects) at a larger pore size (450 micron). 6. To secure vascularization of the implant material, porosity throughout is indicated at a large pore size. Surface porosity regardless of size will encourage only soft-tissue ingrowth into the implant material. 7. Any hard-tissue size or shape can be duplicated with the material, at any pore size, with compatibility to the adjacent tissue, regardless of the region of placement in the body. 8. There is a possibility of bone "induction" or stimulation of bone growth in predetermined directions with all its implications (e.g., periodontal disease). The replacement and repair of any hard tissue in the body (e.g., bone and teeth) are possibilities.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Scleral calcifications in hyperparathyroidism: demonstration by computed tomography.

Scleral calcifications were demonstrated roentgenographically in two patients with known hyperparathyroidism and clinically normal eyes. In one of these patients, scleral calcification was evident both on plain films and with computed tomography (CT). In the second patient, a solitary plaque of calcified sclera was visible only by CT. Histopathologic examination of the eyes of a third hyperparathyroid patient who died during surgery demonstrated calcium plaques in the posterior sclera consistent with the CT appearance of the sclera in the other patients.

Adult↗