Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M L Martin

Publications and source records attributed to M L Martin.

125 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1972

Complement-fixing antigens of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2: reactivity of capsid, envelope, and soluble antigens.

Capsid, envelope, and nonvirion-associated soluble components of type 1 and type 2 herpes simplex virus (HSV) were obtained from infected monolayer cell cultures and used as complement fixation (CF) antigens. Capsids were prepared by treatment of cells with the nonionic detergent Nonidet-P40, envelope material by treatment of virions with ether and high pH, and soluble components were obtained from culture fluids of untreated cells. Serological studies with experimental anti-herpesvirus sera indicate that these serotypes share cross-reacting envelope, capsid, and soluble antigens with each other and with herpesvirus B but not with varicella virus. In addition, animals immunized with crude HSV preparations contain high levels of CF antibody (1:32 to 1:64) to soluble antigens, whereas sera from humans who have experienced natural infection contain low levels of antibody (</=1:8) to this antigen. Further testing with reference, capsid, and envelope antigens indicates that antibody levels to reference and capsid antigens are about the same in sera from healthy humans, whereas antibody to the envelope is decidedly lower in these sera. Herpes convalescent-phase sera contain higher levels of antibody to reference and envelope antigens than to capsid antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

Nonspecific precipitation of serum proteins by sodium lauryl sulfate in agar diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.

The anionic detergent sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), in a final concentration of 0.1% and greater, reacted with whole serum in agar diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis to form artifactual precipitin lines. These lines occurred when either Ionagar or agarose was used as the supporting gel and were not affected by the presence of urea and 2-mercaptoethanol. Analytic chemical tests confirmed that the precipitating agent is SLS, and staining techniques showed that the detergent precipitates both protein and lipoprotein components of whole serum. Multiple artifactual precipitin lines occurred with a wide variety of animal sera, and a single line formed with human 7S immunoglobulin. Hence, in agar diffusion studies in which SLS is present in the test system, these artifactual lines may be easily misinterpreted as true antigen-antibody precipitin reactions.

Agar↗
PubMed1971

Preparation of type 2 herpes simplex virus complement-fixing antigen.

Comparable complement-fixing antigens of type 1 and type 2 herpes simplex virus were produced by extraction of infected African green monkey cells with 0.85% NaCl which was buffered at pH 9.0 with 0.05 m glycine-NaOH. The optimal antigen dilutions were higher in titrations against hyperimmune animal sera than in titrations against human sera. Complement-fixing antibody to type 2 herpes antigen was detected in 5 of 17 sera from healthy humans.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Balcony collapse at the University of Virginia graduation: what hath Jefferson wrought?

The purpose of this report is to describe the emergency medical response to a disaster caused by the collapse of a balcony in Pavilion I on the Lawn of the University of Virginia during graduation. The emergency medical response to rescue of the injured was hindered by five major factors: (1) a metal linked chain blocked access of rescue vehicles, (2) inability to identify an emergency medical command officer, (3) failure to transfer injured patients with stable vital signs and secured to backboards to a triage area away from the scene of the accident, (4) ineffective crowd control, and (5) the failure to delay procession until completion of patient transport from the disaster site. Sixteen people were injured in the accident and one patient died. The cause of the accident was the absence of a redundant architectural support system for the balcony.

Architecture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radioimmunoassay screening of dried blood spot materials for benzoylecgonine.

Residual samples of blood spots, which are routinely collected on almost all newborns in the United States, can be used to determine seroprevalence information on newborns and maternal exposures to various substances, including drugs of abuse. By modifying a commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit for urinary samples, one can use blood spotted on filter paper as a matrix to quantitate the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine (BE). BE is stable for long periods of time in blood spots and we were able to quantitatively extract it with aqueous buffer. There were no matrix effects of the blood spot eluate on the RIA, and excess lipid in the blood did not alter measurement of BE. By using standards made up of BE in negative blood spot eluate and calibrators of blood that were spiked with BE and then spotted on filter paper to determine extraction efficiency, low levels of BE in blood could be measured. The limit of detection was 5 ng/mL, and the limit of quantitation was 10 ng/mL. Levels of BE in blood collected at autopsy in eluates of blood spots were measured, and they established excellent correlation (r2 = 0.93) with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry measurements. To test this technology, residual blood spots on 545 infants from three states were analyzed for BE.

Cocaine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors influencing movement of chronic psychiatric patients from the orientation to the working phase of the nurse-client relationship on an inpatient unit.

PROBLEM: To identify factors influencing movement of nurse-patient dyads from Peplau's orientation phase to the working phase of the nurse-client relationship in a tertiary care psychiatric setting. METHODS: Ten nurse-client dyads were interviewed after the initial nurse-client assignment until a consensus was reached between client, nurse, and investigator/CNS that the relationship was in the working phase. FINDINGS: Factors causing the relationship to progress, from the clients' perspective, were the perceived attitude of the nurse, the nature of the planned therapeutic sessions, and what happened between therapeutic sessions. Factors hindering the development of the relationship included a nurse's or client's unavailability, a sense of distance/inequity, differences in realities/values, and mutual withdrawal. The relationship was perceived as supportive and "powerful" when it progressed to the working phase, but as very negative and like "limbo" if instead it moved to a phase of mutual withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses can help clients move from the orientation phase to the working phase by remaining available, consistent, and acting in a way that promotes trust. When the relationship does not progress to the working phase within 6 months, a therapeutic transfer should be considered.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hand and wrist fractures in occupational medicine.

Hand fractures are so common in the workplace that a wide variety of physicians see and treat these injuries on a daily basis. This article is designed to assist in their primary diagnosis and care, as well as to recommend when it is best to arrange treatment by a hand specialist.

Emergencies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary what?

What is meant by 'primary care' Is it peculiar to nursing? Is it concerned with Primary Health Care? The authors delivered this paper at one of the Special Interest sessions in Tel Aviv at the Quadrennial Congress and stimulated the audience to much thought. Are we sure we are always talking about the same thing?

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Linking research and practice.

Although nurses are expected to incorporate research findings into their practice and be accountable for their actions, they often lack support to carry out these professional responsibilities. Below, how a service agency facilitated the linkage between nursing research and practice at a Canadian hospital.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alcohol use before and during pregnancy. PRAMS Working Group.

A woman's excessive drinking during pregnancy can cause structural and behavioral abnormalities in her offspring. However, population-based data concerning maternal drinking behaviors are sparse. To describe drinking prevalences and patterns, we analyzed self-reported data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring Systems of Maine, Michigan, Oklahoma, and West Virginia. During 1988 and 1989, 6,319 mothers were surveyed two to six months after delivery; state-specific response rates ranged from 65.6% to 83.5%. We applied statistical weights to the sample from each state; thus, the results estimate state-specific prevalences. State-specific prevalences of drinking during the last three months of pregnancy were low: 6.8% to 15.1% of mothers reported light drinking (one to six drinks per week), 0.06% to 0.30% reported moderate drinking (seven to 13 drinks per week), and 0.03% to 0.13% reported heavy drinking (14 or more drinks per week). In contrast, prevalences of drinking during the three months before pregnancy were much higher: the range was 31.9% to 53.8% for light drinking, 1.6% to 3.0% for moderate drinking, and 0.6% to 1.3% for heavy drinking. State-specific prevalences of mothers who reported receiving prenatal counseling about alcohol's effects ranged from 66.3% to 75.0%. More heavy drinkers than light drinkers received counseling. These findings indicate that moderate and heavy drinking during late pregnancy is relatively rare. However, all levels of drinking near the time of conception are much higher, and these results suggest the need for research into methods of reducing drinking before pregnancy.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health care access of poverty-level older adults in subsidized public housing.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the health status, access and use of health care and unmet health care needs of poverty-level residents of the Seattle Housing Authority over the age of 62. METHODS: An in-person interview survey of a quota sample of community residents. RESULTS: About half of SHA residents reported problems accessing care and sixteen percent reported being denied care. Multivariate analysis showed that encountering barriers of health care use were associated with having insufficient funds for monthly living expenses and lack of transportation. Over 90% of the population knew where to seek health care, so knowledge about sources of care did not appear to be a barrier. SHA residents met or exceeded national goals for completion of six out of nine recommended exams and procedures. SHA residents had unmet needs for services not covered by Medicare or provided by visiting nurse services. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that SHA residents know how to access medical care, and that visiting nurse services may be remarkably effective in meeting some medical care needs of SHA residents. It appears access to care by residents of subsidized housing could be improved by addressing transportation and financial barriers, and by providing more services to residents on site.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physical activity and health promotion for older adults in public housing.

INTRODUCTION: Designing health promotion and disease prevention (HPDP) programs for older residents of public housing is hampered by a lack of information about residents' needs and interests. This study addressed whether residents have greater needs for lifestyle modification or for preventive care and assessed interest in programs emphasizing physical activity. METHODS: Older residents (n = 199) of public housing facilities in Seattle were surveyed to assess HPDP needs. A comparison of residents with older HMO enrollees (n = 2,289) identified which needs were relatively greater in residents of public housing. Residents' interest in physical activity programs was assessed by interviewing residents and by observing their interest in an exercise class. RESULTS: The majority of residents could benefit from physical activity programs (75% of residents reported less than 60 minutes per week of exercise); fewer residents could benefit from smoking cessation programs (21%) and alcohol counseling (4%). The largest difference between residents and HMO enrollees was the greater need of residents for physical activity promotion. Residents and HMO enrollees reported similar use of preventive care services. Though residents seldom identified physical inactivity as a major concern, residents demonstrated interest in physical activity programs. Eighteen (41%) of 44 residents participated regularly or irregularly in an exercise class offered at their facility. When the class was scheduled to be discontinued, residents successfully lobbied city government to sustain the class. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest promoting physical activity should be a major goal of HPDP programs for older residents of public housing.

Aged↗