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Biomedical subjects

M L Levin

Publications and source records attributed to M L Levin.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[The identification of Borrelia isolated in the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia from Ixodes ricinus (L.) ticks].

Seven strains of the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis have been isolated from ticks of the species Ixodes ricinus (L.) obtained at the territories of Leningrad Province, Lithuania and Czechoslovakia. The strains have been studied in reactions with 5 types of monoclonal antibodies. All isolated strains belong to serotype II according to Barbour's system and are typical for European strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Opalescent nuclear cataract.

Thirty-eight patients with excellent visual acuity but poor visual function as measured by contrast sensitivity and glare testing were studied. Clinical characteristics of opalescent nuclear cataracts, which have previously been described biochemically, are reported. The findings indicate that opalescent nuclear sclerosis is responsible for increased lenticular myopia and increased glare disability. This form of cataract responds rapidly to low power phacoemulsification of short duration, allowing a satisfactory surgical result.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Harvesting auricular cartilage.

Auricular cartilage has many uses in ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery. We present a simple method to harvest auricular cartilage with minimal complications, allowing the surgeon to avoid bulky pressure dressings and providing adequate examination of the wound in the immediate postoperative phase.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1989

Visual acuity after retrobulbar anesthesia.

Patients often say that they can see the surgical instruments with the operated eye during intraocular surgery. We examined 26 consecutive patients for visual acuity, ocular motility, and pupillary response before, during, and after retrobulbar anesthesia for cataract extraction. Twenty minutes after the anesthetic was injected, 19% of these patients had visual acuities better than 6/200, and 73% of patients described the movements of the instruments during surgery. Two patients (8%) recognized details on the ceiling after insertion of the intraocular lens. An afferent pupillary defect was found in 31% of patients. Although retrobulbar anesthesia results in a marked decrease in ocular motility and visual acuity, total akinesia and blindness do not occur. An incidental result of retrobulbar anesthesia may be a transient afferent pupillary defect.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1988

Effect of cataract surgery and intraocular lenses on diabetic retinopathy.

We reviewed a series of 137 cataract extractions with intraocular lenses (IOLs) in patients with diabetes, mellitus between 1977 and 1983. All patients were followed for an average of 36 months to determine if they subsequently showed progression of diabetic retinopathy. Divided into groups according to the type of procedure and IOL received, they were compared for age, sex, duration of diabetes, treatment required for the diabetes, intraoperative complications, and follow-up period. Patients who had intracapsular cataract extractions with anterior chamber IOLs were three times as likely to show proliferative retinopathy as those who had extracapsular cataract extractions with posterior chamber IOLs. Insulin-dependent patients were three to four times more likely to show progression to proliferation than noninsulin dependent patients. We conclude that, while some procedures are riskier for the diabetic eye, extracapsular lens extraction with implantation of a posterior chamber lens does not imply an increased risk of development of proliferative retinopathy.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Congenital orbital teratomas.

Teratomas of the orbit, rare congenital tumors consisting of normal tissues derived from all three germ cell layers, are probably choristomas rather than true neoplasms, and must be considered in the differential diagnosis of neonatal orbital masses. They typically grow rapidly after birth, causing destructive proptosis and exposure keratopathy; however, they may take a slowly progressive course, expanding slightly over several years. We studied two cases of histopathologically proven orbital teratomas. In one patient, a 2-month-old girl, the tumor was solid and enlarged rapidly after birth. In the other patient, a 15-year-old girl, the mass was cystic and grew at a very slow rate. In the latter case, vision was preserved, presumably because of the ease with which the tumor could be bluntly dissected from the ocular tissue. We believe that, when possible, early and complete extirpation is the procedure of choice, to ensure the greatest likelihood of visual preservation and symmetric orbital growth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Sputum cytopathology: use and potential in monitoring the workplace environment by screening for biological effects of exposure.

Sputum cytopathologic monitoring detects squamous cell lung cancers at an extremely early stage (x-ray negative). It holds further potential for preventing disease by detecting epithelial alterations which reflect environmental hazards. The addition of sputum cytology screening to screening by chest x-ray film does not significantly reduce mortality from all types of lung cancer, but preliminary analysis of Johns Hopkins Lung Project data suggests that mortality from squamous cell carcinoma is reduced. Quantitative automated cytopathology systems and biochemical/immunological cell markers enhance understanding of these precursors and offer great promise for increasing capacity, accuracy, and usefulness in cytopathology screening of workers. Cytological specimens collected over years of screening workers considered at risk may be important to eventually understanding development and prevention of major occupational diseases.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1986

Angiographically normal central retinal artery following the total resection of an optic nerve glioma.

Although the central retinal artery and its collateral circulation, especially within the anterior optic nerve, have been extensively studied, there continues to be controversy regarding the existence and significance of anastomoses between the central retinal artery and ciliary circulation. We present the case of a 16-year-old boy who underwent total resection of an optic nerve glioma beginning proximally at the chiasm and ending distally flush with the globe. After resection, heavy bipolar cautery was applied. Postoperatively, normal central retinal artery circulation was documented angiographically, suggesting that, at least in some cases, significant anastomoses can develop between the central retinal artery and ciliary circulation in the laminar and prelaminar areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Early lung cancer detection: results of the initial (prevalence) radiologic and cytologic screening in the Johns Hopkins study.

The Johns Hopkins Lung Project was designed to determine whether the addition of cytologic screening to the radiographic screening of high-risk volunteers could enhance the early detection of asymptomatic lung cancer and whether early therapeutic intervention in detected cases could significantly reduce the mortality from this disease. Male volunteers, 45 yr of age and older, who smoked at least 1 pack of cigarettes per day were recruited from the Baltimore metropolitan area. All of the 10,387 acceptable high-risk volunteers received annual chest radiographic screening. By random assignment, one half received cytologic examination of induced sputum in addition to the roentgenogram. This report describes the results of the initial screening. Compared with usual methods of clinical diagnosis, screening by both roentgenography and cytology identified a greater proportion of the lung cancer cases at an earlier stage. Screening by sputum cytology was found to improve the detection only of squamous cell carcinoma. In the dual-screen group, sputum cytology accounted for 28% of the detected cases, and resulted in 39% additional detection of lung cancer over that achieved by roentgenography. There was no corresponding decrease in prevalence. Lung cancers detected by cytology alone were found at very early stages. Although there has been an increase in average survival, much of this increase, if not all, may have resulted from lead-time and sampling bias.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of trichinosis with mebendazole.

Prolonged oral high-dose mebendazole therapy provided an effective anthelmintic regimen for trichinosis unresponsive to steroid therapy in one patient. Side effects were limited to a Herxheimer-like reaction. Serum mebendazole levels documented gastrointestinal absorption. Repeat muscle biopsies and fluorescein angiography substantiated objective improvement.

Administration, Oral↗