Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M L Howard.
Numerous techniques are currently employed to determine resectability of lung cancer to spare patients an unnecessary thoracotomy. Echocardiography may be used to demonstrate invasion of hilar lesions into the heart. We report a case in which echocardiography demonstrated nonresectability of a lung cancer which was confirmed via a Chamberlain procedure.
This study indicates that a sustained-release tablet may be used in certain young children on an every-12-hr dosing schedule with acceptable serum theophylline fluctuation. Many young children are able to swallow the tablet and dosing increments are convenient.
Inhalation of smoke can adversely affect pulmonary function; however, the lack of detailed knowledge of exposure conditions and the overall complexity of ensuing clinical problems generally preclude an understanding of the specific role played by smoke in human victims. Using controlled exposures of rabbits to white pine wood smoke, an animal model of smoke inhalation has been created. Light and electron microscopic examinations of injured respiratory tissues from these animals have revealed a reproducible, necrotizing tracheobronchial epithelial cell injury. By six hours after injury, the epithelium remains largely intact but is infiltrated by inflammatory cells; by 24 hours its ciliated and secretory lining cells are largely destroyed, the inflammatory reaction is maximal, but basal epithelial cells retain their normal structural appearances; by 72 hours, its surfaces are largely covered by a nonciliated, stratified reparative epithelium, apparently derived from proliferating and migrating basal cells. The acute injury and early reactions to injury resemble lesions observed in the lungs of human smoke-injured victims, and suggest several physiologic consequences that would provide likely explanations for some of the disabilities observed in these victims.
Subjects selected on the basis of being amnesic and experiencing their amnesia as "voluntary" or "involuntary" were subjected to two conditions designed to breach their amnesia: (1) lie detector, and (2) honesty instructions. A third group receiving relaxation instructions served as a control. Posthypnotic amnesia was breached under lie detection and honesty conditions. However, there appeared to be an interaction between how subjects reported their experience of amnesia (voluntary and involuntary) and the degree to which amnesia was breached. Voluntary subjects accounted for the majority of breaching. Implications for (1) studies on breaching (2) theories and processes of posthypnotic amnesia, and (3) studies in posthypnotic amnesia are discussed.
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The relationship between the type and amount of psychotropic drug ingestion was evaluated for 184 psychiatric patients using a complex battery of cognitive-sensory-motor tests (Halstead-Reitan). The total patients' group included 68 psychotic patients who were being treated with either phenothiazines or "another drug," and 80 neurotically depressed patients who were taking either no drugs, phenothiazines, minor tranquilizers, tricyclic antidepressants, or sedatives. Little, if any, effect was noted in terms of psychological test performance when individual drug types were combined and considered in terms of dosage. However, upon a more specific analysis of the data, several suggestive trends occurred, demonstrating that individual drugs have variable effects and that some age groupings are more sensitive to drug effects than other groupings. As these trends were a result of a secondary analysis, further investigation was recommended in order to delineate the variables involved. For the present, this investigation has demonstrated the important influence of age and drug type variables upon patient neuropsychological test performance.
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