Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M L Hansen

Publications and source records attributed to M L Hansen.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Comparison of EEG, MRI and PET in reading epilepsy: a case report.

The pathophysiological and neuroanatomical bases of reading epilepsy (RE) are unclear. We performed video-EEG, high quality MRI and [11C]diprenorphine PET in a patient with RE to detect structural and functional abnormalities. EEG showed multifocal seizure onset bilaterally in temporal and fronto-central regions. MRI was normal, whereas [11C]diprenorphine PET revealed peri-ictal opioid binding decreases in both temporal lobes and the left frontal lobe. These findings confirm that RE is due to abnormal activity in the network subserving reading.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Occupational arsenic exposure and glycosylated haemoglobin.

In a group of 40 workers occupationally exposed to arsenic (As workers) biological markers for cardiovascular diseases were studied. The median arsenic concentration in urine samples from the exposed group was 22.3 nmol of As per mmol of creatinine, while the individual maximum level was 294.5 nmol of As per mmol of creatinine. That of the reference group was 12 nmol of As per mmol of creatinine and significantly below the level of the exposed group (p < 0.001). The arsenic concentration in urine samples from colleagues of the persons working with arsenic containing products was similar to the arsenic concentration in urine samples from the As workers. The concentration of glycosylated haemoglobin (Hgb A1C) was increased in whole blood from the As workers. The level of the As workers was 5.4% (median), similar to that of colleagues (5.5%), while that of the reference group was 4.4%. The differences were significant (p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed a significant connection (p = 0.034) between the concentration of Hgb A1C in whole blood and the arsenic level in urine from the As workers. The systolic blood pressure was 125 mm Hg in the As workers and 117 mm Hg in the control group. The difference was significant (p = 0.023). It is concluded that arsenic exposure has an influence on carbohydrate metabolism, increases the systolic blood pressure and finally may result in increased risk of development of cardiovascular diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Spectral power and coherence analysis of sleep EEG in AIDS patients: decrease in interhemispheric coherence.

Fifteen patients aged between 26 and 55 years with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and various cerebral manifestations of the disease underwent an all-night sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) registration. The recordings of 15 age-matched volunteers were examined as controls. Sleep stages were determined visually and the following spectral analysis was based on corresponding artifact-free 40-second periods. The sampling rate was 64 second-1, the spectral resolution was 0.25 Hz and the frequency ranged from 0.25-24 Hz. The power density spectra of eight EEG derivations (left and right frontopolar, frontal, central and occipital; reference montage to the ipsilateral Cb electrodes) and the coherence spectra of interhemispheric (interfrontal, interoccipital) and intrahemispheric (frontooccipital, left and right) channel pairs were computed. The power density of the patients in the 11.5-13-Hz frequency range of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep was considerably lower than that of the controls (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 at left and right frontal derivations, two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test). The power density of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep showed no consistent differences between the two groups. The interfrontal coherence of the whole frequency range below 12 Hz was markedly lower in the patient group. This applied to NREM sleep and also to REM sleep (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 for different frequency bands between 1 and 12 Hz in NREM and REM sleep). Possible relations to clinical features are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Increased rCBF in gray matter heterotopias detected by SPECT using 99mTc hexamethyl-propylenamine oxime.

Imaging findings of morphology and regional cerebral blood flow in two patients suffering from epileptic seizures are presented. CT and MRI revealed heterotopic gray matter as a probable structural correlate, causing the seizure disorder. 99mTc hexamethyl-propylenamine oxime (HM-PAO) SPECT demonstrated focally increased regional cerebral blood flow in both patients in the areas of their heterotopic lesions. Heterotopic and orthotopic gray matter seem to have similar features in terms of regional perfusion. A focally increased brain perfusion in interictal epileptic patients may indicate an underlying migration anomaly.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Condoms and adolescents. A prospective study of a new method of teaching].

A prospective investigation was carried out with the object of assessing the effect of supplementary sex education for 1.3 hours in addition to the compulsory sex education in Danish elementary schools. One doctor did the teaching and practice with a condom was introduced as a new method of teaching. On an average, seven weeks before and seven weeks after this teaching session, these pupils completed a questionnaire. Altogether 451 pupils from the eighth and ninth classes participated. Great changes had occurred in the methods of contraception employed by the adolescents and in their attitudes to these from 1982 to date. Many more of the adolescents consider today that condoms provide the best form of contraception as compared with oral contraception. Nevertheless, only 9% of the adolescents were able to use a condom correctly. After the teaching session, knowledge about the correct use of a condom was significantly better and more had a positive attitude to condoms. A balance in information about methods of contraception is recommended and the young people should be sent to their own general practitioners for individual advice. On the basis of the results of this investigation, this teaching should be given already to pupils in the eighth classes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Focal-unilateral accentuation of changes observed in the early stage of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

We report on a 67-year-old male patient with progressive right-sided hemiparesis predominating in the arm and right-sided myoclonias. The EEG showed periodic delta activity in the left hemisphere. The patient died of pulmonary embolism 10 weeks after the onset of the symptoms. The neuropathological examination was indicative of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: distinct spongiform changes, nerve cell loss and proliferation of astroglia in the left hemisphere were found; in the right hemisphere, however, only a few circumscribed spongiform foci were seen. There was a clear correlation between the unilateral predominance of the EEG abnormality and neuropathological changes. The hypothesized spread of infection along commissural projection pathways is supported by this pattern of lesions.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[EEG and SPECT in cerebral manifestations of AIDS].

The purpose of the presented study was to determine the diagnostic value of correlated EEG and SPECT findings in patients with CNS-manifestations of AIDS. Ten HIV 1 infected patients had been examined. Diagnoses: meningitis (2 x), lymphoma (2 x), necrotizing encephalitis (1 x), toxoplasmosis (7 x) (Some patients had more than one diagnosis). Unenhanced and Gd-DTPA enhanced MR, 99mTc-HM-PAO SPECT and clinical EEG were compared. In 9/10 patients MR demonstrated intracranial lesions. In one patient with necrotizing encephalitis (not detected by MR), SPECT revealed an inhomogeneous cerebral perfusion. Only lymphoma was hyperperfused. Toxoplasmic lesions-when detectable by SPECT-were hypoperfused. Reduced rCBF was also seen in brain regions not affected directly, but functionally associated to altered areas. EEG revealed diffuse signs such as slowing in patients with brain atrophy, but also in those patients with lesions of basal ganglia and thalamus. Focal signs in the EEG were in concordance with imaging findings in only 2/10 patients. In 4/10 patients foci even adjacent to the cortex - as shown by MR - remained undetected by EEG. One patient with an active toxoplasmosis had sharp waves over the affected region. The parallel application of the three methods as suggested in this paper appears useful not only for scientific purposes. In most cases, this procedure provides relevant diagnostic information. It is recommended for AIDS-patients with CNS manifestations of unknown etiology.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Visual motor coordination of AIDS patients, HIV-positive asymptomatic probands and healthy persons during video-tracking].

Here we investigated the applicability of a computer-aided video-tracking as a method for evaluating potential deficits of neural information processing in patients with AIDS and those showing only positive HIV-seroreactivity. Video-tracking was accompanied with a simultaneous recording of EEG. Eight HIV-positive asymptomatic volunteers and eight AIDS-patients with cerebral manifestation of the disease participated in the pilot study. Two groups of eight normals each served as a control. Video-tracking performance of the HIV-positive volunteers and AIDS-patients significantly differed (p less than 0.05) from those of the healthy volunteers. Although the AIDS-patients' performance tended to be worse than that of the HIV-group, this difference was not significant. Power spectrum analysis of the EEG-data indicated that the diminished performance of the two test groups (AIDS and HIV-positives), accompanied by an increased spectral power across the entire frequency range measured in the study, could be an expression of an enhanced synchronization in cortical neuronal networks. The synchronization in turn could be a sign of possible organic brain damage resulting from HIV-infection. In conclusion, we suppose that video-tracking measures parameters which may indicate early deficits of information processing in CNS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of flurazepam on disturbed sleep in patients with AIDS].

Polysomnograms were recorded of twelve patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) during different stages in an open design. During the first night no hypnotics were administered, during the second night 30 mg flurazepam per os were given. Flurazepam affected mainly the NREM parameters. The times "awake" during the night were reduced, sleep stage 2 showed an increase, and the effective sleep time was also increased. The increase in sleep spindle density was remarkable, however, delta sleep and generation of K-complexes were not affected. Flurazepam did not affect REM sleep at all. The amount of REM sleep showed a slight increase. REM distribution during the night did not show the "bell shaped" increase and the decrease in the morning; the degree of the illness correlated with a flattening of REM distribution.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Spectral power density and coherence in sleep EEG in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].

15 male AIDS-patients from 26 to 55 years (mean 41.8 +/- 8.5) with various cerebral manifestations had a whole-night-sleep-EEG registration. As control the recordings of 15 age-matched volunteers (26-55 years, mean 41.8 +/- 9.8) were examined. Spectral characteristics of elementary EEG-epochs of 40 s length were computed, and sleep staging was performed visually for these intervals. The spectral power density of eight EEG-derivations (left and right frontopolar, frontal, central and occipital electrodes, reference montage to the ipsilateral Cb) were measured (sampling rate 64(-1) s, spectral resolution .25 Hz, frequency range from .25 to 24 Hz). Interhemispherical coherences of the frontal and occipital derivation pairs, and intrahemispherical fronto-occipital coherences of the left and right hemisphere, were computed. In the patients the frontal power density of NREM sleep showed lower values in the frequency range of 10 to 14 Hz. In central and in occipital derivations the power density between 12.5 and 15 Hz was lower in the patients, but the difference was less accentuated. The spectral power density of REM sleep showed similar characteristics in both groups. The interhemispherical frontal coherence of the whole frequency range below 13 Hz was markedly lower in the patient group. This was true for the NREM sleep, and, slightly less, for the REM sleep, too. The interoccipital spectral coherence was generally slightly lower in the patient group; the difference was most clearly in the 12.5 to 15 Hz range of NREM sleep.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Career ladder program.

In June 1990, Santa Rosa Children's Hospital instituted a multitrack career ladder program for registered nurses, in response to the issues of retention of expert nursing staff and development of professional nursing practice. The program incorporates clinical, education, and management tracks, providing vertical and lateral mobility to the registered nurse. Performance evaluation criteria complement the promotional process, and the registered nurse has a menu of requirements to fulfill each year upon promotion to or maintenance of career ladder level. Through incorporation of a graduated salary system, the program has been a retention bonus for registered nurses at Santa Rosa Children's Hospital. In addition, the career ladder program has been very successful in promoting professional nursing practice within the hospital.

Career Mobility↗